Integrated Service Digital Network

WAN Connection Types
There are three types of Wan Connectivity :

• Dedicated Lines

• Circuit Switching

• Packet Switching

2

Dedicated Lines

• Used for shorter to medium distances and
for longer connectivity.
• Private line
• Bandwidth is fixed
• Line is 24hrs up
• Whether used or not billing is done
• eg: Leased Lines

3

Circuit Switching

• Used for medium to longer distances and
for shorter connectivity.
• Bandwidth is fixed
• Billing Depends upon the Usage
• eg: ISDN , PSTN (Dial Up connections)

4

Packet Switching

• Used for medium to longer distances and
for longer connectivity.
• Bandwidth is shared
• eg: Frame-Relay

5

Encapsulation

PPP
• Point to Point
Protocol
• Open Standard

HDLC
• High level Data link
Control
• Vendor proprietary

Protocol (works with

Protocol (works with

same and different

same company Router

company Routers i.e.

only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco,

Cisco–Nortel, Cisco–

Nortel-Nortel, etc.)

Multicom.
• Supports
Authentication
• Supports Compression

• No Support for
Authentication
• No Support for
Compression

6

PPP Authentication
In PPP two types of Authentication :
• PAP - Password Authentication Protocol
• 2 Way Handshaking protocol
• Username and password are sent in clear text
• No Security
• CHAP- Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol
• 3 Way Handshaking protocol
• Username is sent in clear text and Password in
encrypted form
• Secure

7

Public Switched Telephone Network

• Analog Signal
• Maximum Speed of 33 to 40 Kbps
• Call Establishment is Slower (minimum 1 minute)
• Terminated at the PSTN Switch at the Exchange
• Supports Single service at a time.

8

Integrated Services Digital Network

• Digital Signal
• Minimum Speed for 128 Kbps
• Call Establishment is faster (within 2 sec)
• Terminated at the ISDN Switch at the Exchange
• Supports Multiple services at a time.

9

ISDN Types

• BRI – Basic Rate Interface
- (2B + 1D) channels
- Each channel 64 kbps
- B channel used for data transmission
- D Channel used for signaling(16kbps)
- (2* 64) + (1 * 16) = 144kbps
- B stands for Bearer
- D stands for Delta

10

ISDN Types

• PRI – Primary Rate Interface
2 Standards :
European Standard (E1)
- 30B + 1D channels
- (30*64) + (1*64) = 2.048Mbps
US Standard (T1)
- 23B + 1D channels
- (23*64) + ( 1*64) = 1.544Mbps

11

ISDN Connectivity for Home PC
INTERNET

2 wires(Copper)

RJ-45
Connector

NT1
TELCO

ISDN
SWITCH
Analog
Fax

S/T
Cable

U-Line

PC

TA

RJ-11
Connector

12

Analog
Phone

ISDN Connectivity for Office
INTERNET

2 wires(Copper)

RJ-45
Connector
BRI0

NT1
TELCO

U-Line

E0
192.168.20.150

S/T
Cable

ISDN
SWITCH
ISDN Compatible
Phone (Digital)
LAN - 192.168.20.0/24

13

Network Address Translation

• Translates Private addresses to Public
and Public addresses to Private.
• Allows Communication from the private world to the
public world and not vice versa.
• Used for internet sharing

14

Dial on Demand Routing

• Connection is Automated.
• Established whenever a request comes to the router and
disconnected based on the Idle-Timeout
• Default idle-timeout is 120sec
• All these configurations are to be made on the router’s
bri interface.
• Interesting Traffic is identified using Dialer List

15

ISDN for Internet Configuration
1. BRI interface configurations
2. Authentication
3. Dialer commands
4. ISDN Switch Type
5. NAT
6. Access-List
7. Routing
8. Miscellaneous Commands
9. Troubleshooting commands

16

ISDN for Internet Configuration
INTERNET

2 wires(Copper)

RJ-45
Connector
BRI0

NT1
TELCO

U-Line

E0
192.168.20.150

S/T
Cable

ISDN
SWITCH

LAN - 192.168.20.0/24

17

ISDN for Site to Site Configuration
1. BRI interface configurations
2. Dialer commands
3. ISDN Switch Type
4. Access-List
5. Routing

18

ISDN for Site to Site Configuration

HYDERABAD
OFFICE

Tel: 777777

Tel: 555555

NT1

NT1

BRI0
10.0.0.1

E0
192.168.1.150

CHENNAI
OFFICE

BRI0
10.0.0.2

E0
192.168.2.150

TELCO

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

19

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.20.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to ISDN Router
1. Configuring BRI interface
================================
Router(config)#interface bri <no>
User Access Verification
Router(config-if)#ip address negotiated
Router(config-if)#ip address negotiated
password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown
2. Authentication Configuration
2. Authentication Configuration
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
ISDN> enable
Router(config-if)#ppp authentication{ppp|hdlc}
Router(config-if)#encapsulation pap chap callin
Router(config-if)#ppp authentication{ppp|hdlc}
pap chap callin
password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation
Router(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username>
Router(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username>
ISDN# configure terminal
password <password>
password <password>
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username>
Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username>
ISDN(config)# interface bri 0
Router(config-if)#ppp chap password <password>
Router(config-if)#ppp chap
ISDN(config-if)# ip address negotiated password <password>
ISDN(config-if)# no shut
ISDN(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
ISDN(config-if)# ppp authentication pap chap callin
ISDN(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username hyd_zoomhyd password zoom123
ISDN(config-if)# ppp chap hostname hyd_zoomhyd
ISDN(config-if)# ppp chap password zoom123

21

ISDN(config-if)# dialer string 172225
ISDN(config-if)# dialer idle-timeout 90
ISDN(config-if)# dialer-group 5
ISDN(config-if)# exitDialer Commands Configuration
3. Dialer Commands Configuration
3.
ISDN(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3
Router(config-if)#dialer string <telephone no. of isp>
Router(config-if)#dialer 0
ISDN(config)# interface ethernet string <telephone no. of isp>
Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>
Router(config-if)#dialer
ISDN(config-if)# ip nat inside idle-timeout <seconds>
Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>
ISDN(config-if)# exitISDN Switch type Configuration
4. ISDN Switch type <group no.>
Router(config-if)#dialer-groupConfiguration
4.
ISDN(config)# interfaceNATCommands configuration
5. NAT Commands configuration
Router(config-if)#exit
5. bri 0 switch-type <switch name>
Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name>
Router(config)#isdn
ISDN(config-if)# ip nat outside ethernet <no>
Router(config)#interface ethernet <no>
Router(config)#interface
ISDN(config-if)# exit
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ip nat list for Germany
basic-1tr6
1TR6 switch type for Germany
ISDN(config)# ip nat inside source inside10 interface bri 0 overload
basic-1tr6
1TR6 switch type
basic-5ess
AT&T 5ESS switch type
ISDN(config)# access-list 10 5ESS switch type for the U.S.
basic-5ess
AT&T permit 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#interface BRI <no> for the U.S.
Router(config)#interface BRI <no>
basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch type
ISDN(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit type
basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch
Router(config-if)#ipswitch type for UK, Europe and Asia
Router(config-if)#ipswitch type for UK, Europe and Asia
basic-net3
NET3 nat outside
ISDN(config)# ip routing
basic-net3 Access-list Commands configuration
NET3 nat outside
6. Access-listISDN switch configuration
Router(config-if)#exit Commands
basic-ni
National
Router(config-if)#exit ISDN switch 0
ISDN(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri type
basic-ni 6.
National
type
Router(config)#access-list <acl no.>Australia
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list <no>
Router(config)#access-list <acl no.>Australia
basic-ts013
TS013 switch type for <permit/deny>
Router(config)#ip nat inside source <permit/deny>
ISDN(config)# ip domain-lookupswitch type for list <no>
basic-ts013
TS013
<source address> <source wc mask>
interface BRI <no> overload
Ntt ip name-serverCommands forJapan
NTT switchaddress>Japan
<source BRI <no> overload
interface type
Ntt
NTT switchtype for <source wc mask>
ISDN(config)#
7. Routing Commandsconfiguration
7. Routing 61.0.0.5 configuration ip permit
Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol
vn3
VN3 and VN4 switch types for France
Router(config)#dialer-list switch types for France
vn3
VN3 and VN4
ISDN(config)#
Router(config)#ip routing <dialer no.> protocol ip permit
Router(config)#ip routing
Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID>
Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID>
7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default)
7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default)
<Destination Subnet address>
<Destination Subnet address>
Router(config)#ip name-server <ipMask>
Router(config)#ip name-server <ipMask>
<Exit interface type><interface no>
<Exit interface type><interface no>

22

ISDN# show isdn status
Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3
ISDN BRI0 interface
dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3
Layer 1 Status:
ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Layer 3 Status:
1 Active Layer 3 Call(s)
Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 1
CCB:callid=8001, sapi=0, ces=1, B-chan=1, calltype=DATA
The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000002
Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 1

ISDN#

Layer 1 = ACTIVE
Layer 1 = ACTIVE
Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Layer 3 = 1 Active Calls
Layer 3 = 1 -- Active Calls
Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine.
Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine.

23

ISDN BRI0 interface
Layer 1 Status:
DEACTIVATED
Layer 2 Status:
TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = TEI_ASSIGNED
Layer 3 Status:

ISDN#

Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED
Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED
Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNED
Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNED
Implies, Layer 1 problem Check Physical Connectivity
Implies, Layer 1 problem :: Check Physical Connectivity

24

ISDN BRI0 interface
Layer 1 Status:
ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
Layer 2 NOT Activated
Layer 3 Status:
ISDN#

Layer 1 = ACTIVE
Layer 1 = ACTIVE
Layer 2 = NOT Activated
Layer 2 = NOT Activated
Implies, Layer 2 problem Check Encapsulation
Implies, Layer 2 problem :: Check Encapsulation

25

ISDN# show isdn active
------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN ACTIVE CALLS

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call
Type

Calling
Number

Called
Number

Remote
Name

Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges
Used
Left
Idle
Units

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN#

26

ISDN# show isdn active
------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN ACTIVE CALLS

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call
Type

Calling
Number

Called
Number

Remote
Name

Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges
Used
Left
Idle
Units

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Out

172225

31

59

0

0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN# show isdn history

------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN CALL HISTORY
------------------------------------------------------------------------History table has a maximum of 100 entries for disconnected calls.
History table data is retained for a max of 15 Min for disconnected calls.
------------------------------------------------------------------------Call
Calling
Called
Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges
Type
Number
Number
Name
Used
Left
Idle
Units
------------------------------------------------------------------------Out
172225
19
0
0
0
Out
23394150
40
0
0
0
Out
27802461
120
0
0
0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

ISDN#

28

ISDN# show int bri 0
BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing)
Hardware is BRI
Internet address is 61.1.177.179/32
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:15:27
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops:

Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
303 packets input, 1614 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
113 packets output, 702 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 12 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
13 carrier transitions

29

ISDN# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
C
C

192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
61.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C
61.1.177.182 is directly connected, BRI0
C
61.1.160.82 is directly connected, BRI0
S*
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, BRI0
ISDN# ping www.yahoo.com
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

ISDN#

30

ISDN# show ip nat translation

Pro
Inside global
Inside local
Outside global
Outside local
------------------------------------------------------------------------------udp 61.1.177.179:1041 192.168.20.3:1041 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1043 192.168.20.3:1043 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1044 192.168.20.3:1044 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1048 192.168.20.3:1048 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1052 192.168.20.3:1052 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1054 192.168.20.3:1054 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
udp 61.1.177.179:1057 192.168.20.3:1057 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53
tcp 61.1.177.179:1050 192.168.20.3:1050 64.37.246.16:80
64.37.246.16:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1051 192.168.20.3:1051 64.37.246.16:80
64.37.246.16:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1039 192.168.20.3:1039 212.165.130.39:80 212.165.130.39:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1046 192.168.20.3:1046 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1047 192.168.20.3:1047 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1042 192.168.20.3:1042 202.54.124.171:80 202.54.124.171:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1045 192.168.20.3:1045 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80
tcp 61.1.177.179:1049 192.168.20.3:1049 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80
udp 61.1.177.179:1037 192.168.20.3:1037 61.1.128.5:53
61.1.128.5:53

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

ISDN#

31

C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router Configuring BRI interface
1.
================================
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
3. ISDN Switch type Configuration
Hyderabad> enable
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
password : ****
Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.>
basic-1tr6
basic-1tr6
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout for the U.S.
basic-5ess
AT&T 5ESSidle-timeout<seconds>
Router(config-if)#dialer switch type for the U.S.
basic-5ess
AT&T 5ESS line. type <seconds>
Enter configuration commands, one perswitch switchwith CNTL/Z.
End type
basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switchno.>
basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100
type
Router(config-if)#dialer-group
0
Hyderabad(config)# interface briswitch type <groupEurope and Asia
basic-net3
NET3 switch typefor UK, Europe and Asia
basic-net3
NET3
for UK,
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
basic-ni
National ISDN switch type
basic-ni
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut
basic-ts013
TS013 switch type for Australia
basic-ts013
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc for Japan
Ntt
NTT switch type for Japan
Ntt
NTT switch type
vn3
Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer stringVN4 switch types for France
vn3
VN3 and 555555

Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer-group 5
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3

32

Hyderabad(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)#4. Access-list Commands configuration10.0.0.2
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
^
Hyderabad(config)#4. Access-list Commands configuration permit
Z
Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit
Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip
Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, 5. Routing CommandsRconfiguration
S - static, I - IGRP,
- RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
5. Routing Commands configuration
N1 Router(config)#ip routing N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- OSPF NSSA external routing
Router(config)#ip type 1,
E1 Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> EGP
- OSPF external type route <Destination Network ID>
Router(config)#ip 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Destination
U - per-user static route, o - ODR Subnet Mask>

<Next-hop IP address >
<Next-hop IP address >
Gateway of last resort is not set

C
S
192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
C
Hyderabad#

33

C:> telnet 192.168.2.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router1. Configuring BRI interface
================================
Chennai> enable Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
password : ****
basic-1tr6
basic-1tr6
Chennai# configure terminal 1TR6 switch type for Germany
Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout for the U.S.
basic-5ess
AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S.
Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout<seconds>
basic-5ess
AT&T 5ESS line. type <seconds>
Enter configuration commands, one perswitch switchwith CNTL/Z.
End type
basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switchno.>
basic-dms100 bri 0
Northern DMS-100
type
Router(config-if)#dialer-group
Chennai(config)# interface NET3 switch type <groupEurope and Asia
basic-net3
for UK, Europe and Asia
basic-net3
NET3 switch type for UK,
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
basic-ni
basic-ni
Chennai(config-if)# no shutTS013 switch type for Australia
basic-ts013
basic-ts013
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Ntt
Ntt
vn3
Chennai(config-if)# dialer VN3 and777777
string VN4 switch types for France
vn3

Chennai(config-if)# dialer-group 5
Chennai(config-if)# exit
Chennai(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3

34

Chennai(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
4. Access-list Commands configuration
^ 4. Access-list Commands configuration
Chennai(config)# Z
Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit
Chennai# Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit
show ip route
Codes: C - connected, 5. Routing CommandsRconfiguration
S - static, I - IGRP,
- RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
5. Routing Commands configuration
N1 Router(config)#ip routing N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- OSPF NSSA external routing
Router(config)#ip type 1,
E1 Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> EGP
- OSPF external type route <Destination Network ID>
Router(config)#ip 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Destination
U - per-user static route, o - ODR Subnet Mask>

<Exit interface/next hop ip address>
<Exit interface/next hop ip address>
C
S
192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1
C
Chennai#

35

Hyderabad(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad(config)# ^Z
Hyderabad# show ip route

C
S
192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
C
Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.1

!!!!!


Hyderabad#

36

Chennai(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
Chennai(config)# ^Z
Chennai# show ip route

C
S
192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1
C
Chennai# ping 192.168.1.1

!!!!!


Chennai#

37

Integrated Service Digital Network

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