1. PROMOTING SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) AMONG MARGINAL FARMERS OF UTTARAKHAND AND HIMACHAL PRADESH DEBASHISH SEN, S.P. CHATURVEDI, HIRALAL BHARTI, AND RAJENDRA BANSAL

2. Paddy – A Mountain Farmers’ Crop Paddy yields in H.P. & Uttarakhand range from 1.5 to 2.0 t/ha S. No. Particulars Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh Total 1 Total geographical area (in lakh ha) 53.49 55.67 109.16 2 Average rainfall (mm) 1800 1800 1800 3 Net sown area (in lakh ha) 5.78 5.58 11.36 4 Irrigated area (as % of net sown area) 19 35 27 5 Area under paddy (in lakh ha) 2.99 0.77 3.76 6 Total paddy production (000 M. tons) 613 120 733 7 Average yield of paddy (t/ha) 2.05 1.56 1.95

3. PSI’s Intervention (Kharif 2006) S. No. Name of Watershed, District Altitude (m) No. of villages No. of farmers covered Area covered (ha) A Uttarakhand 1 Bhanaj Gad, Rudraprayag 2000-2200 2 8 0.08 2 Hilai Gad, Rudraprayag 1900-2000 2 3 0.04 3 Sem Gadera, Tehri Garhwal 2100-2400 5 5 0.19 4 Niranjanpur & Vikasnagar, Dehradun 600-750 4 6 0.17 B Himachal Pradesh 1 Bhagan Khadd, Kangra 880-1020 9 12 0.33 2 Nakehad Khadd, Kangra 800-1000 1 2 0.07 3 Silh Nala, Bilaspur 650-750 1 2 0.03 4 Chalara Khas, Chamba 800-1000 1 2 0.04 TOTAL 600-2400 25 40 0.95

6. Comparison of results for SRI and conventional methods of paddy for farmers’ plots (1m x 1m) at Kangra, H.P. While SRI estimates stood close to 70-75 quintals per hectares, non-SRI yields were projected at a dismal 30-40 quintals per hectare. S. No. Particulars Tilak Raj (conventional) Tilak Raj (SRI) Dharam Chand (conventional) Dharam Chand (SRI) 1 Variety China-4 China-4 Parmal Parmal 2 No. of hills 29 16 34 16 3 No. of total tillers 247 352 204 320 4 No. of grains/panicle 105 161 120 155 5 Total weight (grain+straw) in kg 8.4 16.5 11.5 14.5 6 Total weight of grain (kg) 3.5 8.0 4.5 7.5 7 Net weight of grain (kg) 3.0 (3.0 t/ha) 7.5 (7.5 t/ha) 4.0 (4.0 t/ha) 7.0 (7.0 t/ha) 8 Weight of chaff (kg) 5.4 8.5 7.0 7.3 9 Height of chaff (cm) 84 118 80 80

7. Comparison of results for SRI and conventional methods of paddy for PSI plots (1m x 1m) at Dehradun While Type-3 SRI paddy showed a yield increment of 56%, the Pusa Sugandh SRI paddy showed a yield increment of 71%. S.No. Particulars Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 1 Variety Type-3 (conventional) Type-3 (SRI) Pusa Sugandh (conventional) Pusa Sugandh (SRI) 2 No. of hills 26 16 23 16 3 No. of total tillers 156 189 158 210 4 No. of grains/panicle 82 93 96 193 5 Total weight (grain + straw) (in grams) 1250 1800 2000 3500 6 Total weight of grain (g per m 2 ) 270 430 390 720 7 Net weight of grain (g) 250 (2.5 T/ha) 390 (3.9T/ha) 380 (3.8T/ha) 650 (6.5T/ha) 8 Weight of chaff (g) 980 1370 1610 2780 9 Height of chaff (cm) 105 130 120 140

8. Comparison of results for SRI and conventional methods of paddy at Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand While non-SRI yields stood close to 30 quintals per ha, the SRI yields were around 50-55 quintals per ha, an average increase of 66%. S. No. Particulars Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Conventional SRI Conventional SRI 1 No. of Farmers 18 18 22 22 2 Area (sq. m.) - 5,800 - 3,580 3 No. of total tillers (min-max) 2-8 8-51 1-14 5-35 4 Plant height (cm) 86 93 99 119 5 Panicles/plant (min-max) 2-13 8-40 1-14 5-26 6 Panicle length (cm) 19 22 17 21 7 Average no. of grains/panicle 97 148 100 161 8 Yield (Q/ha) 32 50 31 55

9. Comparison of cultivation costs for SRI and conventional methods of paddy cultivation Organic Basmati Type 3 variety is most profitable for mountain regions having altitude less than 1500m. S. No. Method Conventional SRI Total expen-diture (Rs./ha) Gross income (Rs./ha) Net profit (Rs./ha) B:C ratio Total expen-diture (Rs./ha) Gross income (Rs./ha) Net profit (Rs./ha) B:C ratio 1 Direct dry seed sowing 10,530 12,600 2,070 1.2:1 13,915 20,300 6,385 1.5:1 2 Germinated seed sowing 11,080 21,000 9,920 1.9:1 - - - - 3 Trans-planting 14,065 26,620 12,555 1.9:1 18,625 43,750 25,125 2.4:1 4 Trans-planting (Basmati- Type-3) 16,000 41,000 25,000 2.6:1 20,000 101,720 81,720 5:1

11. Comparison of results for SWI and conventional method of HD-2329 wheat variety at Dehradun The highest SWI yield was obtained with spacing: 15 cm x 15 cm row-to-row and 15 cm x 15 cm plant-to-plant S. No. Particulars SWI Conventional Row-to-row spacing (cm) 20 X 20 15 x 15 10 x 10 15 x 15 Broadcasting Plant-to-plant spacing (cm) 20 X 20 15 x 15 10 x 10 10 x 10 1 Area (sq.m) 69 72 78 72 164 182 2 Ave. no. of tillers (range) 16 (8-23) 20 (8-36) 20 (8-32) 23 (9-39) 5 (2-9) 5 (2-9) 3 Ave. plant height (cm) 90 92 84 84 71 71 4 Ave. no. of panicles per plant 16 15 15 15 4 4 5 Ave. panicle length (cm) 12 10 11 10 7 6 6 Ave. no. of grains/panicle 66 49 53 49 38 37 7 Grain yield (Q/Ha) 21 20 20 23 18 16 8 Straw yield (Q/Ha) 74 85 74 80 72 64

12. Comparison of results for SWI and conventional method of PBW - 396 wheat variety at Dehradun Highest SWI yields with this variety were obtained at spacing: 20 cm x 20 cm row-to-row and 20 cm x 20 cm plant-to-plant S. No. Particulars SWI Conventional Row-to-row spacing (cm) 20 X 20 15 x 15 10 x 10 15 x 15 Broadcasting Plant-to-plant spacing (cm) 20 X 20 15 x 15 10 x 10 10 x 10 1 Area (sq.m) 71 78 80 70 170 160 2 Ave. no. of tillers (range) 17 (10-27) 15 (7-22) 17 (7-36) 11 (6-16) 4 (2-8) 5 (2-9) 3 Ave. plant height (cm) 84 80 80 80 74 71 4 Ave. no. of panicles per plant 12 10 10 14 5 4 5 Ave. panicle length (cm) 14 12 11 11 7 76 6 Ave. no. of grains/panicle 51 67 56 55 36 28 7 Grain yield (Q/ha) 25 23 21 22 15 14 8 Straw yield (Q/ha) 78 74 72 76 66 64

17. Thank You 252, Vasant Vihar, Phase I Dehra Doon - 248 006 Uttarakhand INDIA Web : www.peoplesscienceinstitute.com Mail : psiddoon@gmail.com Phone : +91 135 2763649, 2773849 Fax : +91 135 2760334