Two Technical Services librarians from Sam Houston State University provide an initial explanation of the many iterations of PDA, and then share their experiences, frustrations, and lessons learned as well as contemplate the future of this acquisition model in academic libraries. Presented at TLA District 8 Fall Conference 2014 at San Jacinto Community College on October 18, 2014.

1. PDA,
DDA,
UDA
—OMG!

2. What is PDA, DDA, UDA?
 “Patron Driven Acquisition” (PDA)
“An e-book purchasing model, first introduced by NetLibrary, in which selection decisions are based on input from
library patrons. Working with the vendor, the librarian establishes an approval profile based on classification, subject,
educational level, publication date, cost, and other criteria. E-book titles matching the profile are then shared with the
library's community of users via MARC records in the online catalog. When a specific e-book has been discovered
and viewed a predetermined number of times, it is automatically purchased for the collection. Libraries with limited
budgets can set spending limits on their PDA plans. Variations on this model have been developed by Ingram's
MyiLibrary and by Ebook Library (EBL). Synonymous with demand-driven acquisitions.”
ODLIS http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_p.aspx
 “Demand Driven Acquisition” (DDA)
Generally understood to be a synonym of PDA. Some publishers/vendors prefer this label for their model.
 “Usage Driven Acquisitions” (UDA)
Recently emerged eBook purchasing model, closely related to PDA/DDA. It differs in requiring an upfront monetary
commitment or deposit. This gives the library access to a defined collection of content. At the end of the agreed
upon time period, usage stats of the accessible content is provided to the library. The library then decides which titles
to own. The list prices of titles chosen generally total to the amount of initial commitment/deposit.
 “Evidence Based Acquisitions”
Another new label within PDA/DDA models. Seems most similar to Usage-Driven Acquistion

3. Aggregators: PDA/DDA/UDA models
Ebrary
• Owned by ProQuest
(2011)
• Founded in 1999
• SUPO (single user) is
primary model
• Ebooks are purchased
after 1st, 2nd, or 3rd
loan.
EBL
• Owned by ProQuest
• Launched in 2004
• Non-Linear Lending
is primary model
• EBooks purchased after
preset number of loans.
(1-7, set by library)
MyiLibrary
• Owned by Ingram
• PDA model launched in
2010
• Several access models
• Available to individual
libraries and consortia
EBSCO
• EBSCO
includes former
NetLibrary eBooks
• Launched in 2011
• 1, 3 or Unlimited Users
• Ebooks are purchased
after preset number of
loans

4. Publishers: PDA/DDA/UDA models
DeGruyter
Patron-Driven
Acquisitions
October 2012
Journal articles, book
chapters, ebooks
Libraries choose format and
collection
Elsevier
“Evidence Based
Selections”
eBooks
% of collection total list price
for deposit amount
Gale
Usage-Driven
Acquisitions
December 2013
eBooks
Pricing depends on size
school. Also have “Academic
List” smaller collection
Springer does
not technically
have a PDA
model in place
currently,
although they
have offered
pilot programs
at several
universities.
Wiley does
not have a PDA
model in place
currently.

5. Sam Houston State University: PDA/DDA program
Ebrary
• June 2010—
August 2011
• eBook PDA
• Purchased
immediately upon
1st trigger
(No option for short-
term loans)
• Discontinued due
to budget
constraints
• Overall, most
purchased PDA
eBooks only used
once
EBSCO
• October
2012—present
• Subscription
unlimited users
• Academic
Collection
• Affects titles
excluded in PDA
profile(s)
• Also affects which
requested eBooks
are purchased.
Ebrary
• October
2012—
August 2014
• eBook PDA
• SUPO (single-user)
• Purchased after
3rd loan
• Price limit $300
• ___ % purchased
PDA eBooks still
only used once.
• Approximately
265,000 eBooks
in PDA profile
EBL
• August
2014—
present
• eBook DDA
• Non-Linear
Lending model,
unlimited
concurrent users
• Purchase after 4th
loan
• eBook price limit
$300.
• Approximately
435,000 eBooks
in PDA profile

6. SHSU Patron-Driven Acquisition eBook Usage
0
335
654
539
53
455
327
374
264
27
221
68 68 68
3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Ebrary
(2011)
Ebrary
(Oct 2012-Dec 2012)
Ebrary
(Jan 2013-Dec 2013)
Ebrary
(Jan 2014 -Aug 2014)
EBL
(Sept 2014-present)
Short Term Loans Ebooks purchased Ebooks purchased, used more than 1x

7. SHSU Patron-Driven Acquisition Expenditures
Ebrary:
Fiscal Year 2011
(June 2010-Aug 2011)
Short Term Loans
Ebooks, purchased
$19,727
$16,650
Ebrary:
Fiscal Year 2013
(Oct 2012-August 2013)
Short Term Loans
Ebooks, purchased
$21,669
$28,877
Ebrary :
Fiscal Year 2014
(Sept 2013-Aug 2014)
Short Term Loans
Ebooks, purchased
$4,855
$868
EBL :
Fiscal Year 2015
(Sept 2014-present)
Short Term Loans
Ebooks, purchased
$80,248 $36,337 $50,546 $5,723

8. Acquisitions Challenges: PDA/DDA programs
• De-Duplication
• System limitations
• Currency of our list of
owned/subscribed eBooks
• Communication & Training
• Staff members not overlaying
records with print or eBook
orders
• Notifying cataloging when a PDA
purchase happens
• Timeliness regarding
removing/adding PDA records
• Maintenance
• Titles moving in/out without
notice
• Single User model with multiple
user demand
• Staff Time Invested

9. LOOKING BACK
Better supporting our distance-education and online courses
Greatly reducing the amount of time between a patron-requested resource and giving them access
to books (compared to “Request a book for purchase” service on our website, or InterLibrary Loan)
Multiple concurrent user access is a better fit for how we use this service.
Connecting an eBook with a unique username (randomized) seems to be preventing the same user
from triggering an eBook multiple times (unless on purpose) reducing costs to the library
Still PDA will likely be one method of acquisition for SHSU, not replacing collection development by
librarians

10. CATALOGING PDA RECORDS
An overview of Sam Houston State University’s PDA Record Processing Workflow

11. Cataloging PDA Records
PDA and the Library Catalog –
Why integrate records?

12. PDA and the Library Catalog – Why Integrate Records?
Non-Integrated

13. PDA and the Library Catalog – Why Integrate Records?
Integrated

14. PDA and the Library Catalog – Why Integrate Records?
Why not integrate?
• Initial processing time requirements
• Maintenance commitments
• Record quality
• Disrupting the database

15. Cataloging PDA Records - Workflow

16. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 1
Analyzing Records
• Request sample
• Compare records to records currently in your library’s catalog
• Outline fields that will require processing

17. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 1
Analyzing Records Continued…
Sample PDA Record

18. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
Processing Records
• Efficient processing of large groups of
records requires batch modifications
• Multi-functional MARC processing
software is recommended
MarcEdit
• Metadata editing suite
• Developed by Terry Reese
• http://marcedit.reeset.net/

19. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
MarcEdit: Features
• MARC Editing
• RDA Helper
• Delimited Text Translator
• Export as Tab Delimited
• Harvest OAI Data
• XML Translations
• Characterset conversion
• Z39.50/SRU Client
• MARC SQL Explorer
• MARCValidator

20. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
MarcEdit & Regular Expressions
Primary RegEx components used in MarcEdit
• Character escapes: Backslash character () in a regular expression indicates that the following
character is either a special character or should be interpreted literally
e.g., d r n
• Anchors: Cause a match to succeed based on proximity within the string (beginning/end)
e.g., ^$
• Character classes: Matches set of characters specified within brackets
e.g., [] [^]
• Grouping constructs: Delineate sub expressions of a regular expression and capture substrings of
an input string
e.g., ()
• Quantifiers: Specifies number of element instances to be present in the input string for a match
to occur
e.g., *?+{#}
• Substitutions: Regular expression language elements that are supported in replacement patterns
Additional information on .NET Framework Regular Expressions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hs600312.aspx

21. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
Processing Continued:
Translating requirements into regular expression commands

22. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
Processing Continued:
Converting individual commands into tasks, and tasks into conglomerated task functions

23. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 2
Processing Continued:
Translating requirements into regular expression commands
• Tag field for PDA resource in loan stage:
899 EBLEBOOKS$bEB$cPDA$dAdded 20140520$fzav
• Tag field for PDA resource after a purchase has been triggered:
899 EBLEBOOKS$bEB$cPurchased$dAdded 20140520$ePurchased 20140617$fzav

24. Cataloging PDA Records – Stage 3
Importing Records Continued:
Maintaining separate locations for PDA resources and purchased resources

25. LOOKING BACK
• Research load limits associated with your ILS
• Perform small test loads before graduating to larger loads
• Create specific item location for PDA records
Recommendations

26. LOOKING AHEAD
• Considering 1-2 Usage-Driven Acquisitions programs
• Is continued higher use of purchased eBooks likely?
• Greater control over permanently owned titles.
• Increased interest from faculty & students for streaming media
• Streaming Video PDA programs available via Kanopy
• Are serials/journals next up for PDA?
• Major hesitations due to logistics and custom holdings of print owned material

27. Q&A plus Group Discussion
DISCUSSION
• What are you doing in your library?
• Positive or Negative experience with
PDA/DDA/UDA models thus far?
• Suggestions/Advice to those who have
not ventured into PDA/DDA yet?
• Feedback from patrons/faculty/teachers
regarding PDA/DDA/UDA eBooks?
• Other areas expanding into PDA ---
journals, streaming media, etc.

28. Resources & Acknowledgements
 Slide 2
 “Patron Driven Acquisitions” ODLIS http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_p.aspx
 Slide 3
 [“EBL logo”]. Image. Retrieved October 10, 2014 via Google Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2013/04/polanka-and-others-present-and-future-ebooks-new-american-libraries-live
 [“ebrary” logo]. Image. Retrieved October 10, 2014 via Google Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 [“MyiLibrary” logo]. Image. Retrieved October 10, 2014 via Google Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 [“EBCSO” logo]. Image. Retrieved October 10, 2014 via Google Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 Slide 11
 [Digital Library image ]. Image. Retrieved October 15, 2014 from http://www.digitalbookworld.com
 Slide 16
 [Man with magnifying glass ]. Image. Retrieved October 15, 2014 from http://www.itpro.uk
 Slide 18
 Reese, T. (2014, January 1). MarcEdit Development. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://marcedit.reeset.net/
 Slide 20
 .NET Framework Regular Expressions. (2014, January 1). Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hs600312.aspx.
 Slide 25
 [Advice]. Image. Retrieved September 29, 2014 via Bing Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 Slide 26
 [Future Exit]. Image. Retrieved September 29, 2014 via Bing Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 Slide 26
 [Q&A 3D image with figure]. Image. Retrieved September 13, 2014 via Bing Images, Creative Commons Attribution.
 [question mark 3D image with figure]. Image. Retrieved September 13, 2014 via Bing Images, Creative Commons Attribution.