1. How has the 14th Amendment
been interpreted?

2. Life Before the 13th, 14th, and
15th amendments

3. State of North Carolina v. Mann
 Mann is a slave owner in
the South who is accused
of assaulting his slave
 His lawyer argues that
the North Carolina
Constitution protects
property, so as property
slaves can be beaten or
killed
 The case UPHOLDS the
Supremacy of the N.C.
Constitution by protecting
a person’s right to own
property

4. 14th Amendment is passed
All people born in the
United States are
citizens
All citizens have
equal protection
under the law

5. Plessy v. Ferguson
 Plessy is a light skinned black
man (1/8 black)
 He was told that he can ride on
the train in the white car
because all seats on the
colored train car were full
 People complained on the
white car, and he lost his seat
 Supreme court ruled that
segregation is allowed
 The “separate but equal”
doctrine is established.
 Separate facilities are legal as
long as they are equal

6. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Japanese bomb Pearl
Harbor to damage
U.S. Naval fleet
U.S. government
fears people of
Japanese descent
U.S. government
sends all Japanese
Americans to
internment camps

7. Harry Truman integrates the U.S. Military
Black units such as
the Tuskegee Airman
and the 555th Infantry
Unit were very
successful in WWII
After World War II,
President Truman
states blacks and
whites will serve in
the same military unit

8. Oliver Brown v. Board of Education
 Thurgood Marshall a
lawyer for the NAACP is
asked to sue on behalf of
Oliver Brown who wants
his daughter to attend the
white school by his home
 The case overturns the
Plessy decision
 Schools are integrated
 Supreme Court decides
that “separate facilities
are inherently unequal”

9. President Eisenhower issues executive
order integrated Central High School
 Arkansas, Louisiana,
Georgia, and South
Carolina refuse to
integrate their schools
 President Eisenhower
sends 1000 soldiers from
the 101st Abn Division to
integrate ONE high
school
 This shows that the
federal government is
SUPREME to the states

10. Civil Rights Act of 1964
A public place cannot
discriminate based on
race, gender, religion,
or nationality

11. Heart of Atlanta Hotel vs United States
 The hotel is a private
business that wants to
choose to its customers
 The hotel only wishes to
allow white guests at their
hotel
 The US Supreme Court
says it is public and must
serve everyone
regardless of race

12. 24th amendment is passed
Forbids poll taxes
Cannot charge a
person a fee to vote

13. Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg
Requires students to
be bused from their
neighborhood school
to other areas of town
to integrate schools

14. Title IX- Equal Opportunity in Education
Act
 School programs must be
open to all students and
cannot discriminate
based on gender
 All sports and
scholarships must be
equally distributed
between boys and girls
 Can a boy play
volleyball?
 Can a girl play football?

15. Regents of California v Bakke
 A white guy wants to attend
medical school
 He is denied admission
 The school sets aside a certain
amount of slots for minority
students
 Bakke feels that this is unfair.
He is more qualified.
 The Supreme Court agrees
and states that race can only
be one factor considered and
that qualifications must be
given highest priority

16. Americans with Disabilities Act
People who are
physically or mentally
challenged must be
given same
opportunities as those
who are not
Wheel chair access
Braille
Hearing impaired on
tv