Desribes of the 5 regions of Native Americans in present day U.S.

1. Who were the first Americans?

2. Ancient America “Clock”

3. Who were they? What was life like? What happened to them? Paleo-Indians

4. Native Americans versus Indians?

5. Eastern Woodlands Iroquois and Cherokee Great Plains Sioux, Cheyenne, Crow, Comanche, Blackfeet, and Pawnee Great Basin Paiute and Shoshone Southwestern Apache, Pueblo, Navajo, and Ute Meso-American Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas American Indian Regions

6. Eastern Woodlands Indians Inhabited land east of Mississippi River Largely forest Depended on forest for food, shelter, clothing, weapons, and tools Iroquois Cherokee

7. The Iroquois Lived in Present day New York Actually a nation made up of 5 tribes- League of Five Nations Seneca Onondaga Oneida Mohawk Cayuga Lacrosse Canoes

8. Hunters and Gatherers Gathered berries, fruits, and nuts Planted fields of corn, beans, and squash Used bow and arrow to hunt Canoe (hallowed out tree) was used for fishing Used maple trees for sugar

9. Wigwams and Longhouses Bent young trees Tree bark overlapped to protect from rain and snow Small hole allowed smoke from fire to escape Animal skin was used for beds Longhouses were used for several families

10. The Cherokee Lived mainly in present day Tennessee and Georgia Lived in large villages 30-60 houses Meeting house Created homes from wattle and daub Wattle- small branches and twigs woven together Daub- Clay Excellent farmers Lived near lakes and hunted using spears

11. Great Plains Indians Primarily nomadic Followed herds of buffalo Used every part of the buffalo Polytheistic Used tepees out of buffalo skin for shelter Powwows- ceremony to the Great Spirit The Sundance- lasted 4 days in the summer The Ghost Dance- done at night to speak to Gods and ancestors

12. Uses of the Buffalo

13. The Ghost Dance

14. Great Basin Indians Area is set between mountains and rivers do not flow to an ocean Includes Utah, Nevada, parts of Wyoming and Colorado Very little grows- pine nuts Hunted small animals such as jackrabbits, antelope, and waterfowl Dry and desert like in summer, cold winters

15. Petro glyphs

16. Southwestern Indians Lived in present day Arizona, New Mexico, Southern Colorado, and Northern Mexico Most well known are Apache and Navajo Lived in adobe buildings Combo of clay, straw, and animal feces dried in sun

17. Life in the Desert Not much to eat, so they became farmers Corn Beans Squash Melon Pumpkins Hot so didn’t wear much Long hair Moccasins

18. The Art of the Southwest Indians Turquoise Stone of happiness, health, and good fortune “Something blue” Sterling Silver Learned how to melt and make jewelry with silver from Mexican tribes Basket weaving Kachina dolls Carved out of wood Zuni and Hopi tribes usually Pictured is Aholi Navajo Chief (said to bring moisture)

19. Blue Corn Maiden (Hopi) Kachina Dolls The Badger Hopi Doll (for healing)

20. What aspects of Native American culture are seen in “present” society?

21. Review the 5 regions of First Americans and be able to indicate major similarities and differences Look over supplemental information on the First Americans (found in Blackboard) Be prepared to discuss impact of European Explorers and other early “settlers” on America Will go over directions for Columbus argument paper For Friday’s class