1. Classification of Organisms

2. I.I. ClassificationClassification
A. Arrangement in classes or groups
to improve communication
between scientists.
B. Four factors used to classify
1. They have similar structures
2. They have similar behaviors
3. They eat the same kinds of things
4. They have the same chemical make up.

3. II.II. Five Kingdoms of LivingFive Kingdoms of Living
ThingsThings
A. Moneran KingdomA. Moneran Kingdom
1. Simple single celled
Example: Bacteria
2. Helpful types
a. Decomposers
b. Yogurt
3. Harmful types
a. Pathogens – cause disease
b Strepthroat

4. II. Five Kingdoms contII. Five Kingdoms cont..
B. The Protist Kingdom
1. Complex , single celled
organism
a. Euglenas- make their own food
b. Protozoans – depend on getting food from
other sources.
c. Examples of common
protists are as follows

5. Trypanosoma use flagellum to move

6. Paramecium have hair like structures called cil

7. Here is an Amoeba with its pseudopods

8. II.II. Five Kingdoms cont.Five Kingdoms cont.
C. The Fungi Kingdom
1. Many celled organisms
a. Sprophytes- eat dead things
2. Depend on others for
food
b. Parasites – attack living
tissues
3. Examples of
a. Yeasts
b. Mushrooms

9. A picture of Bread Mold

10. And here is a Mushroom

11. II.II. Five Kingdoms contFive Kingdoms cont..
»D. The Plant KingdomD. The Plant Kingdom1.1. Many celled organismMany celled organism
2.2. They make their own food.They make their own food.
–a. Process called photosynthesisa. Process called photosynthesis
–b. Examples:b. Examples: –Trees, flowers, and grassTrees, flowers, and grass

12. E. The Animal KingdomE. The Animal Kingdom

13. The Animal Kingdom cont.The Animal Kingdom cont.
1. Many Celled Organisms
2. Consume other Organisms for food
3. The Subdivision of this Kingdom
a. Naming Organisms
b. Common names – house cat
c. Scientific Names – Felis catus
Genus Species

14.  4. How Kingdoms are subdivided4. How Kingdoms are subdivided
Let’s look at how we would scientifically name the
Columbine.
a. Phylum
Tracheophyta
b. Class Angiospermae
c. Order
Dicotyledon
d. Family
Ranunculaceae
e. Genus Aquilegia
f. Species
cearulea

15. 1. Phylum: Porifera – The Sponges
a. Sessile (permanently attached
as adults.)
b. Pores
c. Two cell layers
d. Both marine and fresh
water
e. Respiration- Oxygen absorbed by
inner cells.
f. Digestion- Food absorbed by inner
cell layer.
g. Circulation-
1. Flagellum create a water
current.
2. No Blood

16. 2.Phylum: Coelenterata
Jellyfish and Coral
a. They have tentacles.
b. They have stinging cells.
c. Some are sessile/ some free-living

17. 2. Phylum: Coelenterata cont.
Jellyfish and Coral cont.
d. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed by inner cell layer
e. Digestion –
1. Food absorbed by inner cell wall
2. Single opening mouth
f. Circulation – water current distributes
gas/food

18. 3. Phylum: Platyhelminthes –
The Flatworms
a. Parasites live off host
b. They can regenerate if
broken.
c.Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin
d. Digestion -
1. Nutrients absorbed into the skin
2. Single opening mouth
e. Circulation – Nutrients/ gas circulated by host

19. 4. Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms
a. Many are parasites / some free - living
b. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin
d. Digestion
1. Nutrients absorbed by inner
cell layer.
2. Complete system
( Two Openings)
D. Circulation - Food / gas absorbed through cells

20. 5. Phylum Annelida -
The Segmented Worm
a. Segmented body
b. Respiration – Gas exchange through the
skin.
c. Digestion –
1. Specialized organs
2. Complete System
3. Nutrients absorbed through inner
cell layer.

21. d. Circulation – Pairs of “hearts” circulate blood
5. Phylum Annelida - The Segmented Worm cont
e. Example : Earthworm - Nightcrawlers

22. 6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks
a. Mostly Shell-builders
b. Mantle – Fleshy covering
that secretes the shell.
c. Well developed sense organs

23. 6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks
d. Respiration – Gills for gas exchange
e. Digestion – complete with specialized organs.
f. Circulation – hearts for pumping blood.
g. Mostly aquatic
h. Examples
Octopus ,squid,
Snails and clams

24. 7. Phylum - Arthropoda

25. 7. Phylum Arthropods
a. Exoskeleton (outside)
b. Jointed legs
c. Segmented body
d. Circulation – open, hearts for
pumps
e. Respiration -
1. Vents and spiracles ( land arthropods)
2. Gills (aquatic arthropods)
f. Digestion – complete with specialized organs
g. Five classes of arthropods

26. g. Arthropods five classes cont.
1. Class Crustacea ( crabs, lobsters)
a. Mostly marine (salt water)
b. Cephalothorax and abdomen
(two body regions)
c. Five pair of legs

27. g. Arthropods five classes cont.
2. Class Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)
a. Many are poisonous
b. Two body regions
c. Four pairs of legs

28. g. Arthropods five classes cont
3. Class Insecta ( grasshoppers, bees)
a. Many fly
b. Three body regions
c. Three pairs of legs

29. g. Arthropods five classes cont
4. Class Chilopoda ( centipedes)
a. Many segments
b. One pair of legs per segment
c. Poisonous

30. g. Arthropods five classes cont
5. Class Diplopoda ( millipedes)
a. Many segments
b. Two pairs of legs per segment
c. Not poisonous

31. 8.Phylum: Echinodermata
starfish
A. Spiny skin
B. Radial design
C. Examples: sea stars

32. 9.Phylum Chordata
( vertebrates with spinal cords)
A. Circulatory system
1. Closed (veins and arteries)
2. Multi chambered heart
B. Digestive System –
Complete system with specialized organs
C. Respiratory System
1. Lungs on land
2. Gills in most cases in water

33. Let’s take a look at 7 classes of vertebrates

34. Phylum: Chordata cont.
1. Class: Cyclostomata
a. Cold blooded
b. Cartilage skeleton
c. No true Jaws
d. Example: The lamprey

35. Phylum: Chordata cont
2. Class: Chondrichthyes
a. Cold blooded
b. Sharp teeth
c. Cartilage skeleton
d. Example: sharks, rays, skates

36. Phylum: Chordata cont
3. Class: Osteichthyes
1. Cold blooded
2. Bone skeleton
3. Two chambered heart
4. Scales
5. Example: perch, bass

37. Phylum: Chordata cont
4. Class: amphibia
a. Live in water and on land
b. Smooth moist skin ( exceptions: toads)
c. Cold blooded
d. Breathe through gills as babies

38. e. Breathe through lungs and skin as adults
f. Lay eggs in water
g. Three chambered heart
h. Metamorphisms (tadple to frog)
i. Examples newts, salamanders, frogs and toads
4. Class: amphibia cont.

39. Phylum: Chordata
5. Class: Reptilia
a. Cold blooded
b. scales
c. Lay eggs on land

40. Phylum: Chordata
5. Class: Reptilia cont.
d. Incomplete four chambered heart
e. Breath with lungs from birth
f. Example: snakes, lizards, turtles

41. Phylum: Chordata
6. Class: Aves The birds
a. Warm blooded
b. Complete four chambered heart
c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body
d. Feathers

42. Phylum: Chordata
6. Class: Aves The birds cont.
e. Lay eggs on land
f. Light weight skeleton
g. Examples: Eagles, Seagulls, Turkeys

43. Phylum: Chordata
7. Class: Mammalia
a. Warm blooded
b. Hair
c. Live birth (placentals)
Placenta- nourishes baby while developing in mom

44. Phylum: Chordata
7. Class: Mammalia cont.
d. Mammary glands
- produce milk
- nurse young
e. Two pairs of limbs
f. High functioning brain and sense organs