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1.
Shodh, Samiksha aur
Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 155 ‚◊∑§Ê‹ËŸ Á„UãŒË ∑§ÕÊ ‚ÊÁ„Uàÿ ◊¥ ∑§Ê◊∑§Ê¡Ë SòÊË — Œ‡ÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŒ‡ÊÊ *«UÊÚ. ¬˝ŒË¬ üÊËœ⁄U ‡ÊÊœ¬òÊ-Á„UãŒË fdlh ns'k ds lkekftd o vkfFkZd Lrj dks le>us ds fy;s dk dk;Z{ks=k esa vkdj ukSdjh djuk dksbZ foo'krk ugha gS cfYd lkfgR; dk niZ.k ns[kuk t:jh gks tkrk gS] D;ksafd ,d lkfgR;dkj L=kh dk vius cycwrs ij dqN dj xqtjus dh pkgr dk ifj.kke dh dkYifud jpukvksa dk okLrfod vk/kj lekt esa ?kV jgh gSA dkjiksjsV lsDVj dh ukSdfj;k¡ vkt dh vk/qfud L=kh dh igyh ?kVuk;sa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gksrh gSaA chrs nks&rhu n'kdksa dh vksj ilUn gSaA futh {ks=kksa esa vkd"kZd osru rFkk vU; lqfo/kvksa us ;qok n`f"Vikr fd;k tk; rks Kkr gksrk gS fd lkfgR;dkjksa dk #>ku ih<+h dks vkdf"kZr fd;k gS] vkt ls djhc nks n'kd igys dh L=kh&foe'kZ vkSj L=kh dFkk] miU;kl ys[ku ij vf/d jgk gSA ckr dh tk; rks fL=k;ksa ds fy;s f'k{kk] fpfdRlk rFkk dqN eq[; :i ls efgyk lkfgR;dkj viuk ys[ku dk;Z L=kh fo"k;d ijEijkxr {ks=kksa dks gh dkedkt ds fy;s mi;qDr ekuk tkrk Fkk lkfgR; ij dsfUnzr dj jgh gSa] ftuesa eerk dkfy;k] eUuw tgk¡ ,d fuf'pr :ijs[kk ds rgr dke gksrk FkkA mnkgj.kkFkZ Hk.Mkjh] d`".kk lkscrh] m"kk fiz;aonk] pUnzdkUrk] {kek 'kekZ vkfn jktuhfr dk {ks=k vU; dk;Z{ks=kksa dh vis{kk dsoy dqN ?k.Vksa dh ysf[kdkvksa dk uke eq[; :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA ekax ugha djrkA bl ckr dk dksbZ le; fu/kZfjr ugha gS fd izkphu dky ls gh L=kh vusd izdkj ds 'kkjhfjd o ekufld tulsoh dks dc turk dh lsok ds fy;s mifLFkr gksuk iM+sA ijUrq 'kks"k.k ds rys thrh vkbZ gSA f'k{kk dk izlkj gksus ds i'pkr~ fL=k;ksa fiQj Hkh efgyk;sa jktuhfr ds {ks=k dh pqukSfr;ksa dks lg"kZ Lohdkj esa vius vf/dkj o vfLrRo dks ysdj dqN psruk vkbZ vkSj dj mudk lkeuk Hkh dj jgh gSa rFkk vf/d ls vf/d la[;k ifjorZu dh gok pyh ftlus L=kh dks vius cy ij dqN lkspus esa pqudj jktuhfr ds {ks=k esa vk jgh gSaA 2009 ds yksdlHkk vkSj djus dh izsj.kk o volj iznku fd;kA vk/qfud lekt ds pqukoksa esa 556 efgyk mEehnokjksa us viuk HkkX; vktek;k rFkk lqf'kf{kr eè;oxZ dh ekufldrk esa Hkh fL=k;ksa ds izfr dkiQh gn muesa ls 51 efgyk;sa lkaln pquh xbZ] blds lkFk gh ukS efgykvksa rd cnyko vk;k gS rFkk blesa fujUrj ifjorZu gks jgk gSA dks eaf=ke.My esa pquk x;kA dk;Z'khy ukjh dks lekt iw.kZ Lohd`fr ns pqdk gS vkSj L=kh Hkh orZeku le; esa lHkh izdkj ds ijEijkxr rFkk xSj ijEijkxr vius bl u;s vorkj esa vf/d vkRefo'oklh] fu.kZ; ysus esa dk;Z{ks=kksa esa fL=k;ksa dh ?kqliSB gS rFkk dk;Z{ks=k Hkh bu dk;Z'khy Lora=k o vkfFkZd :i ls lcy gksdj lkeus vkbZ gSA L=kh ds ukfj;ksa ds fy;s vius }kj [kksydj lqvolj iznku dj jgk gSA O;fDrRo ds bl i{k dks mHkkjrh uoksfnr ysf[kdk yoyhu dh fL=k;ksa dk vf/d ls vf/d la[;k esa dk;Z{ks=k dh vksj vxzlj dgkuh ^,d Fkh fot;k* L=kh ds n`<+ fu'p; vkSj l'kDr O;fDrRo gksuk bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd gekjs lekt dh lksp vc fodflr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrh gS] ftlds vuqlkj Lokfr ds fy;s mldk gksus yxh gSA ysfdu fiQj Hkh Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt vHkh Hkh dbZ dk;Z{ks=k ifjokj vkSj laca/ksa ls vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSA ogha nwljh ekufld ladh.kZrkvksa ls tdM+k gqvk gSA dkj.k gS iqjkuh ih<+h esa vksj ifjokj dh ekU;rkvksa vkSj ikjEifjd ewY;ksa esa yM+rh ,d O;kIr vf'k{kk vkSj muds }kjk viuh ih<+h esa O;kIr vf'k{kk vkSj ukSdjh is'kk efgyk dk fp=k.k djrh vYiuk feJ dh dgkuh muds }kjk viuh ih<+h dks gLrkUrfjr fd;s tk jgs laLdkjA ns[kk ^iM+ko* ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls yM+us o vfLrRo dks cuk;s j[kus dh tk; rks L=kh dks ijk/hu vkSj fucZy cukus ds iz;kl muds ?kj liQy ps"Vk gSA ifjokj ls vkjEHk gks tkrs gSa urhtu gj L=kh bl ijkèkhurk dks L=kh dk dkedkth O;fDrRo Lora=krk izkfIr ls iwoZ gh fu;fr ekuus ds fy;s ckè; gks tkrh gS vkSj tks fL=k;k¡ bls Lohdkj vfLrRo esa vk x;k Fkk rFkk Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn ns'k esa O;kIr djus ls badkj djrh gSa muds fy;s ifjokj vkSj lekt nksuksa gh vkfFkZd ladVksa ls tw> jgs ifjokjksa dks bl ifjfLFkfr ls fuiVus f[kykiQr esa [kM+s utj vkrs gSaA lekt vkSj ifjokj vkt Hkh rFkk [kpkZ pykus ds fy, vf/d ls vfèkd vtZd lnL;ksa dh lfn;ksa iqjkuh uhfr ds rgr L=kh dks n;k] lgkuqHkwfr vkSj laj{k.k vko';drk gqbZ rFkk ,dy ifjokjksa esa fL=k;k¡ gh vfrfjDr iznku djuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu vkt ds lUnHkZ esa L=kh] laj{k.k ugha vtZudÙkkZ ds :i esa lkeus vkb± ysfdu orZeku ifjizs{; esa L=kh Hk;eqÙkQ lekt vkSj viuh LosPNk ls dSfj;j pquus dh vktknh * ∞‚ÊÁ‚∞≈U ¬˝Ê»§‚⁄,U Á„UãŒË Áfl÷ʪ, ∑§. ◊È¢. Á„UãŒË ÁfllʬË∆U, «UÊÚ. ÷Ë◊⁄UÊfl •ê’«U∑§⁄U Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ, •Êª⁄UÊ
2.
156
‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) pkgrh gS rkfd os viuh 'kf[l;r [kqn cuk ldsaA ijUrq lkekU;r% esa ;fn jksxh dks nks fnu esa NqV~Vh ns nh tk; rks LokHkkfod ,slk gks ugha ikrk] ekrk&firk vkSj vU; ifjokjhtu muds Åij gS ftl lsok dk;Z dks vLirky dh ulZ djrh] mldk cks> thou Hkj viuh bPNk;sa Fkksidj drZO; ds uke ij mudk 'kks"k.k L=kh ij iM+sxkA vLirky ds iSls rks cprs gSa exj ?kj esa eqÝr djrs jgrs gSaA dk;Z {ks=k esa Hkh izk;% fL=k;ksa dk Lokxr ugha gksrk fd;s x;s Je dh dher ugha vkadh tkrhA**2 ogk¡ Hkh fL=k;k¡ nks;e ntsZ dh ukxfjdrk dks th jgh gSaA pkgs og bl ckr esa v{kj'k% lR;rk gS fd L=kh ds ?kjsyw Je dks dke ljdkjh {ks=k gks ;k xSj ljdkjh] etnwjh djus okyh L=kh gks ;k dh Js.kh esa ugha j[kk tkrk vkSj tc bls dke dh Js.kh esa ugha mPp in ij dk;Z djus okyh L=kh& fxuk tkrk rks bldk esgurkuk nsus dk rks iz'u gh ugha mBrkA blh ^^,d L=kh gj {ks=k esa nks;e ntsZ esa cSBus dks ckè; dh Øe esa ljyk ekgs'ojh vius ukjh foe'kZ esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh tkrh gS fd rqEgkjh ;gh fu;fr gSA ;g HksnHkko fliQZ fjiksVZ (1980) dk mYys[k djrh gSaµ fuEuoxhZ; fL=k;ksa ds lkFk gh ugha cjrk tkrk bldh pisV esa ^^efgyk;sa nqfu;k¡ dh vkcknh dk vk/k fgLlk gSa] dqy os fL=k;k¡ Hkh gSa tks ljdkjh xSj ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa Å¡ps&Å¡ps dke dk nks&frgkbZ os djrh gSa ysfdu nqfu;k dh vkenuh dk inksa ij dk;Zjr gSaA1 fliQZ nlok¡ fgLlk mUgsa feyrk gS vkSj nqfu;k dh lEifÙk ds fL=k;ksa dk la?k"kZ gj Lrj ij tkjh gS ysfdu ljkguh; rF; lkSosa fgLls ls Hkh de lEifÙk efgykvksa ds ikl gSA**3 ;g gS fd fL=k;k¡ vius gd dh yM+kbZ yM+us esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ysf[kdk yoyhu dh dgkuh ^,d Fkh fot;k* ,slh gh ,d dh pqukSrh Lohdkjus esa Mj ugha jgh gSa vkSj Lo;a dks fo'oeap vk/qfud ukjh dk izfrfuf/Ro djrh gSA ukf;dk Lokfr i=kdkj gS ij LFkkfir djus esa l{ke gks jgh gSaA bldk izR;{k mnkgj.k 'khry vkSj vius [kqys fopkjksa okyh ekufldrk ds pyrs ?kj vkSj is; isIlh dh ps;jilZu bfUnjk uqbZ] vkbZ lh vkbZ lh vkbZ dh dk;Z{ks=k esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk ncko ;k ijEijkvksa dks ekuus dh uofu;qDr lhbZvks pUnk dkspj vkfn gSa ogha nwljh vksj yksd lHkk vU/HkfDr ugha djrhA fookfgrk gksus ds ckotwn lqgkxfpUgksa dks dh izFke efgyk Lihdj ehjk dqekj vkSj lcls de mez dh lkaln /kj.k djuk mls egRoiw.kZ ugha yxrk D;ksafd fookg mlds thou vxk/k laxek us Hkh jktuhfr ds {ks=k esa efgykvksa dh vkn'kZ esa lhfer egRo j[krk gSµ fLFkfr lqfuf'pr dh gSA ^^'kknh thou dk 25» vax gSA ,slk esjk ekuuk gS_ ckdh fL=k;ksa ds bl cnyrs :i dks iq#"k opZLooknh lekt Hkh ipgÙkj ijlsUV ftUnxh esa eSa vius dke dks vgfe;r nsrh vc Lohdkjus yxk gS D;ksafd vHkh rd ftu {ks=kksa dks dsoy iq#"kksa gw¡A lkfgR; l`tu dks vgfe;r nsrh gw¡ i<+us&fy[kus dks ds fy;s lqjf{kr fd;k x;k Fkk ogk¡ Hkh fL=k;ksa us viuk dCtk vgfe;r nsrh gw¡A**4 tekuk vkjEHk dj fn;k gSA bldk rktk&rjhu mnkgj.k ehjk jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky; esa vk;ksftr ,d lsfeukj ds nkSjku dqekj gSa tks Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj izFke efgyk Lihdj Lokfr dh eqykdkr vaxzsth ds ,d izksiQslj vf[ky flUgk ls gksrh ds in ij dk;Zjr gqbZ gSaA lekpkj&i=k vej mtkyk ds twu ds gSA os mlds [kqys fopkjksa dks ysdj vk'p;Zpfdr ls jg tkrs gSaA ,d vad esa eSaus i<+k fd igyh ckj Lihdj ds :i esa in Hkkj Lokfr viuk er igys gh Li"V dj pqdh fd 'kknh mlds fy;s laHkkyus ds ckn dbZ lkaln mUgsa eSMe Lihdj ds ctk; Lihdj fuf'pr lhek rd gh egRoiw.kZ gS ysfdu Lokfr dh ;g ckr izks- lj dgrs lqus x;sA yksxksa ds eu efLr"d esa vHkh Hkh ;g /kj.kk flUgk dks fujk'k vkSj ijs'kku dj tkrh gSA izks- flUgk dh fujk'kk dk;e gS fd fL=k;k¡ gj {ks=k ds fy;s mi;qDr ugha gS ysfdu bu izrhd gS bl ckr dh tks ,sls O;fDr ds O;fDrRo ds nksgjs lR; ekU;rkvksa dks rksM+rs gq, vkt L=kh 'kh"kZ ij viuk ijpe ygjkus dh ijrsa [kksyrh gSaA esa lc izdkj ls l{ke gks jgh gSA ^^[kkls i<+s fy[ks iq#"k Hkh fL=k;ksa ds ekeys esa fiQDlM xSj ijEijkxr dk;Z{ks=k vius deZpkfj;ksa ls fu;r le; ds best ds tM+ laLdkj ds f'kdkj gksrs gSaA L=khRo ds vusdkusd lkFk vfrfjDr le; vkSj Je dh Hkh ek¡x djrs gSa] ftls ns ikus igyw vkSj Hkwfedkvksa ls vutkuA**5 esa izk;% fL=k;k¡ vleFkZ gksrh gSa ftldk dkj.k mudh fucZyrk vkSj L=kh dh cksYM Nfo dks lkekU;r% Lohdkj dj ikuk iq#"kksa {kh.k ekufld 'kfDr ls yxk;k tkrk gS ysfdu ;g vkjksi loZFkk ds fy;s dfBu gksrk gS D;ksafd os L=kh dks izfr}U}h ds :i esa ns[kus vuqfpr gS] vkfiQl esa dke djus ds lkFk fL=k;ksa dks x`gLFkh ds yxrs gSaA fL=k;k¡ mUgsa ?kj dk izcU/u] fu;a=k.k djrh gqbZ vPNh dkeksa ds fy;s de ls de 3&4 ?k.Vksa dk le; vfuok;Zr% nsuk yxrh gSaA uhyk izlkn dh dgkuh ^mudh gkj* bl rF; dks mHkkjus gh iM+rk gSA bl lUnHkZ esa ofj"B ysf[kdk izHkk [ksrku viuk er esa dkiQh gn rd liQy gqbZ gSA #fp nÝrj esa vf/dkjh ds in izLrqr djrs gq, fy[krh gSaµ dks laHkky jgh gS] lej vkSj #fp ds chp izse lEcU/ gSaA tYn ^^L=kh ds fy;s dke ds ?k.Vs vf/d gks x;s gSaA ;g ,d gh nksuksa ifj.k; lw=kksa esa c¡/us okys gSaA izdkj dh vn`'; dher gS ftls L=kh pqdk jgh gSA vFkZ'kkL=kh ^^lej us iwNk vxj mls ftUnxh esa izseh ;k ukSdjh esa ls ftls c<+h gqbZ dk;Zdq'kyrk dgrs gSa og ,d izdkj ls fdlh ,d dks pquus dh ukScr vk tk,] rks og fdls pqusxh- oSrfud vFkZ&O;oLFkk dh dher dks voSrfud vFkZO;oLFkk --- vkSj #fp us fcuk fgpd ls mÙkj fn;k ^ukSdjh dks*A**6 dh vksj LFkkukUrfjr djus dh izfØ;k gSA elyu] vLirky lej us ,d dfYir iz'u iwNk ftldk #fp us iw.kZ O;kogkfjd
3.
Shodh, Samiksha aur
Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 157 mÙkj fn;k ftls lqudj lej ldrs esa vk x;k D;ksafd mlus #fp mnkgj.k Lo:i jgsa gks ogk¡ dh lÙkk vuk;kl gh fdlh L=kh ds ls ,sls mÙkj dh vk'kk ugha dh FkhA #fp dks og viuh Hkkoh iRuh gkFk esa tkrh fn[ksA ysfdu dHkh&dHkh ifjokj dk vlg;ksx Hkh ds :i esa ns[krk gS tks mldh o mlds ifjokj dh lsok esa viuk fL=k;ksa ds fy;s ldkjkRed izsjdksa dh Hkwfedk fuHkk nsrk gSA thou [kik Mkys ysfdu #fp viuh igpku viuh ukSdjh dks pUnzdkUrk ds miU;kl ^,syku xyh ftUnk gS* dh fnO;k ,d fdlh Hkh rjg NksM+ nsus ds fy;s rS;kj ugha gSµ VwfjLV xkbM dk dke djrh gSA ifjokj dh cM+h iq=kh gksus ds ^^lej rqEgkjs ikl bruk cM+k ?kj gSA ml ?kj esa jgus okys drZO; dk fuokZg Hkh iwjs euks;ksx ls dj jgh gS] thou dh dfBu izkf.k;ksa ls nks xqus gSa ukSdj] pkdj] njcku] jlksb;k vkSj u lPpkbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djrs&djrs mldh lksp NksVh mez esa gh tkus dkSu&dkSu rks D;k iQdZ iM+rk gS vxj ml ?kj esa ,slh dkiQh ifjiDo gks xbZ gS blfy, viuh ukjh lqyHk fo'ks"krkvksa dks cgw vk tk, tks ?kj&jlksbZ dks iwjk oDr nsus ds ctk; FkksM+s Hkqykuk mldh etcwjh gSµ oDr ?kj ls ckgj Hkh fudyrh gks**7 ^^/wi ikuh esa >qylrs Hkhaxrs vius vkidks dkiQh gn #fp vkSj lej dk fj'rk fliQZ blfy;s lekIr gks x;k rd Hkwyuk lh[kh gw¡A ;gh ;kn j[krh gw¡ fd dke djuk gS vkSj D;ksafd mlus gj gky esa viuh igpku dks cuk;s j[kuk pkgk vkSj ekrk&firk dh mEehnksa dks iwjk djuk gSA ,sls esa vkSjrsa gekjh dksbZ le>kSrk ugha fd;kA lej us #fp dks mlds ftu xq.kksa vkSj fiQYeksa okyh uktqd dyh dgk¡ jg ikrh gSa oDr ls igys dkfcfy;r dh otg ls viuh thou lafxuh ds :i esa ns[kk mUgha eqj>kus dks vfHk'kIr gksrh gSaA**10 dks og R;kx nsus dh vis{kk j[krk gSA ;gk¡ iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd fnO;k mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks <ksus ds iz;kl esa Lo;a dks Hkqykus ds D;k L=kh dh f'k{kk vkSj dkedkth gksuk fliQZ bruk egRo j[krk fy, etcwj gS ysfdu fiQj Hkh mlds vkRefo'okl esa dgha deh gS fd mls ,d vnn vPNk ?kj izkIr gks lds ugha gSA O;fDr dk vkRe&fo'okl vkSj mldh ldkjkRed lksp izHkk [ksrku ds miU;kl fNUueLrk dh fiz;k ds la?k"kZ dh gh mls lgh fn'kk&funsZ'k nsus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA ^vkidk cUVh* dgkuh Hkh #fp dh Hkk¡fr gh gSA fiz;k Hkh viuh 'kf[l;r ds vkxs dh 'kdqu ,d rykd'kqnk efgyk gS rFkk iq=k caVh ds lkFk fdlh dks ugha vkus nsrh] ;gk¡ rd fd ,d ek=k iq=k dk eksg Hkh egkfo|ky; }kjk feys vkokl esa vdsyh thou;kiu dj jgh gSA mls vius dk;Z{ks=k ds ekxZ ls HkVdk ugha ikrkA ifr ujsUnz mlls ifjR;ÙkQk gksus ds dkj.k lekt dh n`f"V esa og n;k vkSj fliQZ ;g vk'kk j[krk gS fd og ?kj dh pkj nhokjh ds chp Lo;a lgkuqHkwfr dh ik=k Hkys gh gks ysfdu 'kdqu dk vkRefo'okl vkSj dks lhfer dj ys] ysfdu egRokdka{kh fiz;k bl izdkj dk dksbZ vkRe lEeku mls viuh utjksa esa lnSo Å¡ps LFkku ij j[krk gSA le>kSrk djus dks rS;kj ugha tks bruh esgur ls cuk;s x;s mlds rykd 'kqnk gksus dks ysdj og ghu Hkkouk ls xzLr ugha jgrh O;olk; dks pkSiV djds j[k nsA ujsUnz iqjkruiaFkh ijEijkvksa ij cfYd lekt ds iqjkus feFkdksa dks rksM+rs gq, MkW- tks'kh ds lkFk pyus okyk O;fDr gS tks vkSjr dks ifjpkf;dk ls vf/d dqN u;s thou dh 'kq#vkr djrh gS] ftlesa mldk ekr`Ro Hkh vkM+s ugha ekurkA ugha vkus ikrkµ fiz;k dks og viuh lg/kfeZ.kh u ekudj ?kj esa ltk;h gqbZ ^^'kdqu pDdh ihl&ihl dj csVs dk thou cukus esa futhZo oLrq le>rk gS ftls og tc pkgs ftl rjg pkgs bLrseky vius vkidks Lokgk dj nsus okyh ek¡ ugha Fkh_ cfYd Lora=k dj lds vkSj og ujsUnz ds gj vR;kpkj dks viuh fu;fr eku O;fDrRo vkdka{kk;sa vkSj vkthfodk ds lk/uksa ls r`Ir ek¡ dj fcuk miQ djs lgrh pyh tk;sA ysfdu fiz;k vius ne ij FkhA**11 dek;s vius vkRefo'okl ds cycwrs ij nqfu;k Hkj ls vdsys yM+ vkfFkZd lcyrk ls izkIr vkRefo'okl ds cy ij fiz;k tkus dks rS;kj gks tkrh gSA ujsUnz dh /edh Hkh ml ij csvlj (fNUueLrk) vkSj 'kdqu viuh ethZ dk thou thus ds fy;s jgrh gSµ Lora=k o l{ke fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk j[krh gSa rFkk fdlh dh ^^eq>s rqEgkjk iQyliQk ugha lquuk vkSj u gh rqels cgl NksVh&lh n[kyvUnkth Hkh lgu ugha djrhaµ djuh gS rqe cl ,d ckr lqu yksA ;fn vkt rqe yUnu xb± ^^eSa rqEgkjh cgqr bTtr djrh gw¡A viuh ek¡ ls T;knk- rks ykSVdj fiQj bl ?kj esa dHkh er vkuk] dHkh ughaA**8 --- ij ek¡ dks Hkh eSaus dHkh viuh ckrksa ds chp esa ugha cksyus ujsUnz dh ekufldrk fiz;k dh liQyrk dks vkRelkr ugha fn;k--- eq>s ;kn ugha os dHkh cksyh Hkh gksaA ;g vf/dkj rks dj ikrh D;ksafd mlds efLr"d esa L=kh dh tks ikjEifjd Nfo eSa fdlh dks ns ugha ldrhA**12 cSBh gqbZ gS mlesa fiz;k dk O;fDrRo dgha lVhd ugha cSBrk] lkFk Hkkjrh; ifjokjksa esa izkjEHk ls gh L=kh ds ifjiks"k.k dk y{;] gh ,d iq#"k dk vge bl rF; dks Hkh vLohdkj djrk gSA R;kx] lfg".kqrk ,oa drZO; cks/ dh fu;fr j[kdj fd;k tkrk ^^fiQfyi us g¡lrs gq;s ujsUnz ls dgk] ^^yxrk gS fd gSA dkj.k fL=k;ksa dks ?kj ifjokj rd lhfer j[kus dh ea'kk ls vkidh iRuh bl dke dks vkils T;knk tkurh gSaA** ujsUnz dk izsfjr gksrk gSSA pw¡fd izkphudky ls gh èku&lEifÙk ij efgykvksa psgjk Hkd ls tydj cq> x;k FkkA**9 ds dksbZ vf/dkj lqfuf'pr ugha fd;s x;s Fks blfy;s os Hkh bl ujsUnz tSlh ladh.kZ ekufldrk okys iq#"k bl ckr dks lg"kZ izrkM+uk dks iwjs thou >syus ds fy;s foo'k FkhaA dkedkt us tYnh vkRelkr ugha dj ikrs fd ftl dk;Z{ks=k esa os vHkh rd fL=k;ksa dk vkfFkZd i{k etcwr djus ds lkFk&lkFk :f<+;ksa o
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‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) iqjkru ekU;rkvksa ds }kjk 'kksf"kr u gksus dh rFkk mudk fojks/ fLFkfr dks lqn`<+ djuk gS rks efgykvksa dh lfØ; Hkwfedk dks djus dh Hkh lcyrk nh gSA ^#dksxh ugha jkf/dk* (m"kk fiz;aonk) Lohdkjus dh vko';drk gS vU;Fkk fuf'pr gh ns'k dh vk/h dh jkf/dk mUeqDr vkSj Lora=k thou thus dh i{k/j gSA cU/ dk;Z {kerk cckZn gksrh jgsxhA blfy;s le; dh vko';drk vc uksa esa c¡èkuk mls Lohdk;Z ugha gksrkA ;gh gS fd efgykvksa dh {kerk vkSj ;ksX;rk esa i;kZIr fo'okl ^^mlus vius ifjokj ds nksuksa iq#"kksa] ikik vkSj cM+s nk fn[kk;k tk,A viuh dgkuh ^iM+ko* esa vYiuk feJ ,d ,slh dks ?kksj O;fDroknh dqN gnksa rd LokFkhZ egRokdka{kh ik;k efgyk ik=k dk fdjnkj jprh gSa tks ifjokj ds vlg;ksx ds FkkA fL=k;ksa dk vknj djrs Fks] mUgsa Lora=krk Hkh nsrs Fks ij ogha dkj.k cgqr vkgr gS] cPps dks ysdj vyx jg jgh gS] vdsys rd tgk¡ muds }kjk fufeZr lhek js[kk u yk¡?kh tk;sA**13 Li"V gh thou dh leL;kvksa ls yM+ jgh gS] ifr dk bUrtkj gS ijUrq ckr gS fd iq#"koknh lekt fL=k;ksa dks Lora=krk nsus dk leFkZd okLrfodrk dks Hkh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr tkurh gS fd t:jh ugha ftrus gS ijUrq mruk gh tgk¡ rd vko';drk gksus ij iqu% L=kh dks lius ns[ksa tk;sa lc lp gh gks tk;saµ csfM+;ksa esa tdM+rs dh {kerk j[krs gksa ysfdu jkf/dk vius le{k ^^mls vkuk gh pkfg;s] D;ksa dj Hkhrj meM+ jgk gS ;g ,slh fLFkfr vkus gh ugha nsuk pkgrh vkSj ,dkdh thou pqurh gSµ tcfd eSa fcYdqy ugha pkgrh fd esjk thou] tks vc dqN ^^eSa LosPNkiw.kZ thou dh bruh vknh gks pqdh gw¡ fd O;ofLFkr py gh iM+k gS] fMLVcZ gks tk;sA eSa viuh ukSdjh fo?u lg ugha ikrhA**14 vkSj cPps ds lkFk Bhd FkhA tc ,slk Fkk gh] rc ;g rM+i**15 orZeku esa igys dh vis{kk fL=k;ksa dh n'kk dkiQh gn rd ukf;dk ds thou esa dbZ ckj vUnj ls fgyk nsus okys nq%[kksa lq/jh gSA ijUrq] tc rd ;g fLFkfr 80» ls Åij ls vk¡dM+s ikj ls ysf[kdk ikBdksa dk ifjp; djkdj ;g Li"V lUns'k nsrh gS ugha dj tkrh bls ux.; dh Js.kh esa gh j[kuk mfpr gksxkA fd vkRefuHkZj efgyk foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh fuokZg djus esa efgykvksa ds lkFk HksnHkko dh 'kq#vkr ewyr% ?kj&ifjokj ls gksrh Lo;a dks l{ke ikrh gSA gSA dk;Z{ks=k Hkh blls vNwrk ugha gSA efgyk lgdfeZ;ksa dks ges'kk ^^vHkh eq>s 'kknh C;kg ugha djukA dg nks ekSlh dks pSu gh izfr}U}h ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk jgk gSA tgk¡ efgyk;sa vf/dkjh ls lks;saA ik¡p lky rd esjs fy;s nwYgk [kkstus esa vius ,fM+;k¡ ds in ij dk;Zjr gSa ogk¡ ds iq#"k lgdfeZ;ksa ds fy;s efgyk ckWl u jxM+saA NksVs HkkbZ&cguksa dks v/j esa NksM+ eSa viuk cSaM cktk dh vèkhurk Lohdkj djuk vieku ljh[kk yxrk gS ysfdu ctokus cSB tkÅ¡**16 izlUurk dh ckr ;g gS fd ubZ ikS/ bl ekufldrk ls eqDr gS fp=kk eqn~xy ,d vlk/kj.k yM+dh ds la?k"kZ dh dgkuh vkSj fL=k;ksa dh ;ksX;rk vkSj dk;Zdq'kyrk dks Lohdkj dj jgh gSA x<+us esa iw.kZ liQy gqbZ gSaA lat; duksbZ vkSj vUtku oklokuh }kjk dkedkth ukjh ds izfr iq#"kksa dh ladh.kZ ekufld fopkj feys /ks[ks ds ckn Hkh og Lo;a dks l¡Hkkyus esa l{ke ikrh gSA /kjk mldh liQyrk dh jkg esa jksM+s vVdkus ds lkFk vusdkusd dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd lekt esa viuh igpku cukus ds fy;s leL;kvksa dks tUe nsrh gS rFkk mldk eukscy Hkh {kh.k djrh iz;kl vkSj la?k"kZ vius cy ij fd;s tkus ds i'pkr~ gh thr gSA efgykvksa esa mldk vHkko gS ijUrq bl o"kZ dh flfoy lsok gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA ijh{kk ds ifj.kke us bl /kj.kk dks iw.kZ:is.k fujk/kj fl¼ dj fu"d"kZr% xkSj djus yk;d rF; ;g gS fd efgyk;sa f'kf{kr fn;k gSA bl ckj dh bl ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ds vuqlkj izFke vkSj tkx:d cusa lkFk gh ekrk&firk vkSj ifjokj dk ;g drZO; f}rh; o r`rh; LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa dk gh dCtk jgk] ns'k dk curk gS fd os viuh iqf=k;ksa dks og ekgkSy dj ds nsa tgk¡ os vius loksZPp in Hkh ,d efgyk gh l¡Hkky jgh gS] ,vjiQkslZ ds 75 Hkfo"; dks mTToy cukus ds lius latks ldsaA o"kZ iqjkus bfrgkl dks cnydj Ýykbax vkWiQhlj dfork cjkyk us ftl ?kj ifjokj dh fL=k;k¡ lqf'kf{kr vkSj vuq'kkflr gksrh bl ckj jk"Vªifr dks lykeh nh rks ehjk dqekj us mls xzg.k dj gSa ml ?kj dk vkfFkZd ds lkFk&lkFk ekufld fodkl Hkh mRd`"V ds u;k bfrgkl jp MkykA ;fn vc Hkh iq#"k iz/ku lekt Js.kh dk gksrk gS lkFk gh Lrj Hkh Å¡pk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ Lrj Å¡pk efgykvksa dh ;ksX;rk ij lUnsg djrk gS rks bls ekufld us=kghurk gksus ls rkRi;Z vkfFkZd Lrj Å¡pk gksus ls ugha gS D;ksafd ,slk vkSj ikjEifjd gB/feZrk dk uke gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA dnkfi vko';d ugha gS fd iSls okys ?kjksa ds O;fDr mPpLrjh; oSls Hkh ;fn oSf'od eUnh ds bl nkSj esa ns'k dh vkfFkZd gksrs gSaA ‚ãŒ÷¸ ª˝ ã Õ 1- L=kh % nsg dh jktuhfr ls ns'k dh jktuhfr rd] e`.kky ik.Ms] vkoj.k i`"BA 2- cktkj ds chp cktkj ds f[kykiQ] izHkk [ksrku] i`"B&82 3- ukjh iz'u] ljyk ekgs'ojh] i`"B&43 4- ^bjkorh* esa ladfyr yoyhu dh dgkuh ^,d Fkh fot;k* ls] vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2006 5- ogh] 6- ogh] 7- ogh] 8- fNUueLrk] izHkk [ksrku] i`"B&12 9- fNUueLrk] izHkk [ksrku] i`"B&158 10- ,syku xyh ftUnk gS] pUnzdkUrk] i`"B&131 11- vkidk cUVh] eUuw Hk.Mkjh] i`"B&6 12- vkidk cUVh] eUuw Hk.Mkjh] i`"B&114 13- #dksxh ugha jkf/dk] Å"kk fiz;aonk] i`"B&52 14- #dksxh ugha jkf/dk] Å"kk fiz;aonk] i`"B&53 15- iM+ko] vYiuk feJA 16- vkoka] fp=kk eqn~xy] i`"B&228
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