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Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)   19



POPULATION GROWTH AND CHANGING
LANDUSE PROFILE IN GIRNA RIVER BASIN
IN NASHIK DISTRICT (MS)
Research paper—Geography                            * Mr. Pralhad Y. Vyalij **Dr. R. S. Deore

     Land is one of the most important resource which             We must have long term plants to meet this
plays an eminent role in determining mans economic,               contingency.” One basic fact that, cannot be ignored
social and cultural progress. Land use is the surface             i.e. land is a finite resource and it is very essential
utilization of all developed and vacant lands on a                that, land use is properly planned. We therefore, need
specific space, at a given time. Lands are used for               a national policy on land (soil) with short and long
crops, forest, pasture, mining, transportation, garden            range objectives. River Girna Basin is one of the most
and recreational, industrial and commercial and                   important river basin in Nashik district in Maharashtra
residential. Land use is also related to conservation             and most prosperous in agriculture and land use
of land from one major use to another general use.                aspect. In this paper an attempt has been made to
The use of land changes according to the changing                 highlight land use changes based on secondary data
needs of man. Stamp, L. D. (1948) has classified the              collected from District planning unit and Dy.
needs of man into six major categories, viz., agriculture,        Directorate of economic and statistics office, Nashik
home, food, transportation, communication, defense                for the year 1990-91 and 2000-2001. Growing
and recreation. Increasing population and changing                population is one of the main factors for changing
needs of the time, requires revision of land utilization.         land use scenario and is main threat to the land in the
The revision of land is done by trial and error method            district. To overcome this problem, we must plan for
which leaves its trace of success and failure. The                the proper use of the available land resources and our
success of National planning is dependent upon the                living depends on successful agricultural self-
proper utilization of land. Some day in our country a             sufficiency.
planned programme will determine the pattern of land                    STUDY AREA:River Girna is the Major tributary
use and there not only crops and tamed animals but                of River Tapi. This is one of the most important river
indirectly things will be determined by mans The                  basin in Nashik district in Maharashtra and most
demand of land changes du to changing needs of                    prosperous in agriculture and land use aspect.
society conscious planning and use of land. and as                Growing population is one of the main factors for
socio-economic conditions change, land use keeps                  changing land use scenario and is main threat to the
on changing.                                                      land in the basin. Girna-Mosam Basin in Nashik district
     The criticality of land in National development is           of Maharashtra having a total geographical area of
cleared from a statement of the late Smt. Indira Gandhi           5829.43 square Km. It lies between 20Ú 15’ 43" to 20Ú
in 1972 who said,” we can no longer afford to neglect             53’07" North latitude and 73Ú 40’12" to 74Ú 56’22"
our most important natural resources. This is not                 East longitudes. Physiographically, This region
simply an environmental problem but one which is                  comprises of a part of a Deccan Plateau. This basin
basic to the future of our country. The stark question            may be broadly divided in to four tahsils namely,
before us is whether our soil will be productively                Malegaon, Nandgaon, Satana, Kalwan and Deola.
enough to sustain the population of more than one                 Deola is new tahsil from 26th June 1999. The soils of
billion, at higher standards of living than now-prevail.          the Girna and Mosam valleys are quite deep and fertile.
      *Head, P. G. Dept. of Geography, M.S.G.College Malegaon-Camp, Nashik (MS)
              **Head,Dept. of Geography, Arts College, Saundana, Nashik .
20    ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

The soil in the rest of the region are undulating and       responsible for increasing fallow land and land put to
susceptible to erosion. Light shallow soils are noticed     non-agricultural use. 6) To know the population
on hill slopes. The climate of the study region is          pressure plays an important role for changing land
primarily Monsoonic, which is highly mild and healthy       use cover in the study area.
for establishment of human settlements and                       DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY:
agriculture. This area receives 599.02 mm average                This study is based on secondary data and field
annual rainfall (minimum 543.6 mm. annual rainfall in       work. The required statistical information is obtained
Satana tahsil and maximum 692.6 mm. annual rainfall         from census handbook, the record of the local bodies,
in Malegaon tahsil) & most of it comes during the           statistical department Government of Maharashtra as
monsoon period from June to Sept. Similarly Malegaon        well as field survey. The delimitation of the Nashik
experiences a very high temperature during the pre-         district will attempted by marking out the watershed
monsoon period that is April and May (max. 44.06 °C         of river for which following Indian topographical maps
& min. 35° C). As well as in rainy season it experience     published by Survey of India may be used.
30° C max. Temperature and 23° C. min. temperature.              POPULATION GROWTH:
Agriculture is the chief support of the economy of the           Population is an important resource from
region and supports the population of 1631918 (2001         economic point of view for the regional development
Census).                                                    of agriculture as it influences the economic activity
     OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the study           and determines the level of consumption and
are as follows: 1) To know the population growth and        agriculture force. The population in the Girna basin is
density from one decade to another. 2) To know the          1635000 (2001 Census). It accounts for 37.54 percent
changing land use pattern and land use cover change         of the Nashik district.
scenario from one decade to another. 3) To know how              The average density of population in the study
demographic, economic and social factors play a vital       area 280 persons per square km. Table 1 show the
role on changing land use pattern. 4) To know how           population growth and density since 1961 to 2001 with
land changing from one major use to another and the         a decadal variation and percentage of population
factors responsible for it. 5) To know the factors          growth.
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)   21


                                        Table 1: Population Growth and Density
Year      Population                                      Decade Variation            Growth in %           Density/Sq.Km.
          Rural      Urban               Total
1961      499000        190000           689000           —-                          —-                    118
1971      610000        284000           894000           +205000                     +29.75                153
1981      737000        349000           1086000          +192000                     +21.48                186
1991      904000        465000           1369000          +283000                     +26.06                235
2001      1050000       585000           1635000          +266000                     +19.43                280
 (Source: District census handbook and Author)
     It is observed from table 1 that the population in           during a span of ten years (Table 2). This increase is
Girna basin has been gradually increasing from 1961               due to the cultivable waste land comes under
to 2001. In 1961 the population in Girna basin was                agriculture. Accordingly, the land under net sown has
689000 while it increased and attained 1635000 persons            also been increased during the span of ten years in
in 2001. The total increase in population during the              the basin.
above period is 946000 persons with higher rate. The                   FOREST: In assessing the character of the
population density value was here calculated as ratio             vegetation type, a factor that cannot be neglected in
of total population to the total area from 1961 to 2001           the long occupation of man and the consequent
and is shown in table 1. It is revealed from this table           change on the vegetal carpet through agriculture. The
that density of population in Girna Basin is increased            type of vegetation met with any given locality depends
since 1961 from 118 persons per sq. km. to 280 in 2001.           on the climate, soil and past treatment has been
The interesting fact regarding the density of                     emphasized by the leading plant ecologists. The
population increased 2.4 times during study period.               influence of temperature and rainfall on plant life has
The decade from 1951 to 1961 the density exhibits low             received a special attention in the classifications of
rate i.e. 118 persons per sq. km., while high rate of             climate proposed by Koppen and Thornthwait. The
density was observed in decades 1991 to 2001 and it               forest area is being actually decline. Out of the total
was 280 persons per sq. km. in the study area.                    geographical area of the basin had 151100 hects.
     LAND USE IN GIRNA BASIN: Land use in the                     (25.84%) were under forest during 1990-91. Whereas,
surface utilization of all developed and vacant lands             during 2000-2001, the basin has 143507 hects. (24.54
on a specific space at a given time. Lands are used for           %) of land under forest. Between 1990-91 and 2000-
forests, cultivation of crops, pasture, mining, roads             2001 about 7593 hects. (0.3%) of land under forest has
and transportation, gardens and playgrounds,                      been decreased in the basin. There is a net decrease
recreational, settlement (residential), industrial and            of 7593 hects. (0.3%) of land under forest during the
commercial establishment etc. Whereas, uncultivable               study period (Table 2). This decrease is due to the
waste land, barren and fallow lands are unused lands.             human interruption. There is almost small change in
The present landuse has been divided into five broad              forest lands during a span of twenty years but the
categories viz., 1)Net sown area; 2)Forest; 3)Fallow              density of trees goes on decreased through time.
land; 4)Cultivable waste and 5)Barren and uncultivable            Forest plays a dominant role in maintaining ecological
waste land for the period 1990-91 and 2000-01.                    and environmental balance in the district.
      NET SOWN AREA: The net sown area is the                          FALLOW LAND: The term fallow land applies
land which is being actually decline. Out of the total            for the lands which are not under crops at the time of
geographical area of the basin had 317200 hects.                  reporting though they were soon in the immediate
(54.25%) were under net sown during 1990-91.                      past. The fallow lands are generally divided into two
Whereas, during 2000-01, the basin had 321618 hects.              major categories i.e. “Old fallow lands “which
(55.01 %) were under net sown. About 4418 hects.                  comprises those lands that have been left uncultivated
(0.76%) of land has been increased under net sown                 for more than five years, and the “Current fallow lands
22       ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

                     Table 2: Land use in Girna Basin (Past & Present -Area is in Hectares)
Sr.No.        Land use Category                                Years                                   Changes
                                                               1990-91           2000-01
1         Net Sown Area                            317200        321618                                 +4418
          Percentage                               54.25         55.01                                   +0.76
2         Forest                                   151100        143507                                  -7593
          Percentage                               25.84         25.54                                    -0.3
3         Fallow Land                              29700         23891                                   -5809
          Percentage                               5.08          4.09                                    -0.99
4         Cultivable Waste Land                    38300         28316                                   -9984
          Percentage                               6.55          4.84                                    -1.71
5         Land put to non-Agricultural uses        48400         67368                                  +18968
          Percentage                               8.28          11.52                                   +3.24
          Total Area                               5847000       584700
          Percentage                               100           100
(Source: Nasik District: Socio-economic Abstract 1990-91 and 2000- 2001)
“which include lands that were not sown at the time            etc. In Nasik district cultivable waste land is found in
of crop reporting but were sown one or two years               the areas where the land has been adversely affected
before or left Fallow either in one season or for one          by water logging, floods, erosion and scarcity of water.
complete year to replenish the soil fertility. The             Due to these negative factors, this category of land
definition of the term “current fallow “greatly differs        has become un-economic and un-productive. This
in many parts of the country. In Punjab, lands are             land can be brought under cultivation if they are
classified as current fallow if it has been left               provided with cultivable facilities. Also outlet can be
uncultivated for less than two years. In Maharashtra,          provided to protect it from water logging. During 1990-
land continues to be classified as current fallow, if it is    91, the basin had 38300 hects. (6.55%), and during
continued uncultivated for less than ten years. In             2000-2001, 28316 hects. (4.84 %) of land were under
Bihar current fallow is applied to all such lands which        cultivable waste to the total geographical area of the
were not under crops at the site of reporting but which        basin. About 1.71 % (9984 hects.) of land has been
had been sown in the recent past. Thus current fallow          decreased in the basin during the span of ten years.
are a part and parcel of the arable land. Girna basin               LANDPUT TO NON-AGRICULTURAL USE:
has a fallow land of 29700 hects. (5.08 %) during 1990-        This broad category comprises of a number of different
91, which has been decreased to 5809 hects. during             types of land which are not available for cultivation
2000-2001, to the total geographical area. The net             under the existing circumstances. This type of use
decrease of fallow land is 5809 hects. Which constitute        represents the land occupied by buildings, roads,
0.99 percent over a period of ten years. This reclaimed        railways, factories, water bodies, playgrounds,
land is almost used for cultivation purposes.                  gardens, grave lands and settlements. This land
Reclaiming fallow land is a good sign of prospering in         covers an area of 48400 hects. (8.28%), and 67368
the development agriculture in the district.                   hects. (11.52%) during 1990-1991 and 2000-2001 in the
     CULTIVABLE WASTE LAND: Cultivable waste                   basin respectively to the geographical area. There is
lands are defiantly cultivable but are at present lying        an increase of land under this category. The net
as waste on account of number of limitations. The              increase of land put to non agricultural use is 18968
limitations vary from one to another. They can be              hects. Which increased 3.24 percent over a period of
enumerated under the following heads: encroachment             ten years. This high proportion of non-agricultural
by wild weeds, floods and erosion, poor drainage,              land is due to rapid growth of population, which
scarcity of water and distance from settlement area            requires more land for residential, commercial
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)       23


establishments, educational and other institutions,               of the basin. The net decrease of forest area is 0.3 %
industries, roads, gardens, playgrounds etc. in the               between the study period. This percentage of land
basin. The land under this category is increasing fast            under forest will not suitable for environment &
and is bound to increase in future too with the                   ecological balance. There is decrease in follow land
development of science and technology. This land is               i.e. 5809 hects. (0.99 %) over a period of ten years.
however, considered detrimental to balanced rural                 There is net decrease of 9984 hects. (1.71 %) of land
agrarian economy because the productive land is                   under cultivable waste. While the net increase of land
usurped by unproductive uses. Non-agricultural land               put to non-agricultural use is 18968 hects. Constitutes
is an index of the development of an area, when the               3.24 % over a period of ten years. The small increasing
area is developed in the construction of multi stored             percentage of net sown area & increasing high
buildings and development in transport facilities.                proportion of land put to non-agricultural use is due
     CONCLUSION: The basin has good percentages                   to rapid growth of population, which requires more
of areas under net sown during the study period. It is            land for residential, commercial establishments,
above 50 percent of the total geographical area. The              educational and other institutions, industries, roads,
net increase of net sown area is 4418 hects. Increased            gardens, playgrounds etc. in the basin. Non-
only 0.76 % over a period of ten years. The net area              agricultural land is an index of the development of an
under forest will be decreased between 1990-91 to                 area, when the area is developed in the construction
2000-01; it is 7593 hects. of the total geographical area         of houses and transport facility.




R E F E R E N C E

     • Basu, S., (1988): “Landuse in Malkauria village-A case study in Banker District”, Geographical Review of India, Calcutta,
50/5. • B.C.Vaidya (1997):”Agricultural Landuse in India”, Manak New Delhi 110092. • Government of Maharashtra : Socio-
economic Abstract, 1980-81, 1990-91 and 2000-01. • Khoshoo, (1986):”Environmental priorities in India & sustained
Development”, Indian science Congress Association, p.11. • Nanavati, M.B. (1957) (foreward): “Readings in land utilization”,
The Indian society of Agricultural economics, Bombay, p.2. • Nath, V (1953):”Land Utilization in India”, Journal of the soil &
Water Conservation in India, Vol.1, no.2, p.8. • Newsletter (Dec. 1999): International Geographical Union, Study Group on
Land Use Cover, Japan. • P. Y. Vyalij (April 2009) : “ Changing Landuse profile in Nashik District” A National Journal ‘ Research
Link’ Issue-61, Vol-VIII(2), p.75-78, Indore (MP). • P. Y. Vyalij, R.S. Deore (Aug. 2009) “ Population Growth and Changing
Landuse profile in Malegaon Tahsil ( MS)” A National Journal ‘ Research Link’ Issue-65, Vol-VIII(06), p.66-69, Indore (MP).
• Profali, R.M. (1975):”The Study of land Utilization in a part of a Bor Command Area”, The Deccan Geographar, Secunderabad,
13/1&2. • Stamp, L.D. (1948):”The land of Britain & how it is used “, London, Farah & Fahar, p.32. • Vink A.P.A., (1975)”Landuse
in Advance Agriculture.”Springer-Verlag.

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19 23

  • 1. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 19 POPULATION GROWTH AND CHANGING LANDUSE PROFILE IN GIRNA RIVER BASIN IN NASHIK DISTRICT (MS) Research paper—Geography * Mr. Pralhad Y. Vyalij **Dr. R. S. Deore Land is one of the most important resource which We must have long term plants to meet this plays an eminent role in determining mans economic, contingency.” One basic fact that, cannot be ignored social and cultural progress. Land use is the surface i.e. land is a finite resource and it is very essential utilization of all developed and vacant lands on a that, land use is properly planned. We therefore, need specific space, at a given time. Lands are used for a national policy on land (soil) with short and long crops, forest, pasture, mining, transportation, garden range objectives. River Girna Basin is one of the most and recreational, industrial and commercial and important river basin in Nashik district in Maharashtra residential. Land use is also related to conservation and most prosperous in agriculture and land use of land from one major use to another general use. aspect. In this paper an attempt has been made to The use of land changes according to the changing highlight land use changes based on secondary data needs of man. Stamp, L. D. (1948) has classified the collected from District planning unit and Dy. needs of man into six major categories, viz., agriculture, Directorate of economic and statistics office, Nashik home, food, transportation, communication, defense for the year 1990-91 and 2000-2001. Growing and recreation. Increasing population and changing population is one of the main factors for changing needs of the time, requires revision of land utilization. land use scenario and is main threat to the land in the The revision of land is done by trial and error method district. To overcome this problem, we must plan for which leaves its trace of success and failure. The the proper use of the available land resources and our success of National planning is dependent upon the living depends on successful agricultural self- proper utilization of land. Some day in our country a sufficiency. planned programme will determine the pattern of land STUDY AREA:River Girna is the Major tributary use and there not only crops and tamed animals but of River Tapi. This is one of the most important river indirectly things will be determined by mans The basin in Nashik district in Maharashtra and most demand of land changes du to changing needs of prosperous in agriculture and land use aspect. society conscious planning and use of land. and as Growing population is one of the main factors for socio-economic conditions change, land use keeps changing land use scenario and is main threat to the on changing. land in the basin. Girna-Mosam Basin in Nashik district The criticality of land in National development is of Maharashtra having a total geographical area of cleared from a statement of the late Smt. Indira Gandhi 5829.43 square Km. It lies between 20Ú 15’ 43" to 20Ú in 1972 who said,” we can no longer afford to neglect 53’07" North latitude and 73Ú 40’12" to 74Ú 56’22" our most important natural resources. This is not East longitudes. Physiographically, This region simply an environmental problem but one which is comprises of a part of a Deccan Plateau. This basin basic to the future of our country. The stark question may be broadly divided in to four tahsils namely, before us is whether our soil will be productively Malegaon, Nandgaon, Satana, Kalwan and Deola. enough to sustain the population of more than one Deola is new tahsil from 26th June 1999. The soils of billion, at higher standards of living than now-prevail. the Girna and Mosam valleys are quite deep and fertile. *Head, P. G. Dept. of Geography, M.S.G.College Malegaon-Camp, Nashik (MS) **Head,Dept. of Geography, Arts College, Saundana, Nashik .
  • 2. 20 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) The soil in the rest of the region are undulating and responsible for increasing fallow land and land put to susceptible to erosion. Light shallow soils are noticed non-agricultural use. 6) To know the population on hill slopes. The climate of the study region is pressure plays an important role for changing land primarily Monsoonic, which is highly mild and healthy use cover in the study area. for establishment of human settlements and DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY: agriculture. This area receives 599.02 mm average This study is based on secondary data and field annual rainfall (minimum 543.6 mm. annual rainfall in work. The required statistical information is obtained Satana tahsil and maximum 692.6 mm. annual rainfall from census handbook, the record of the local bodies, in Malegaon tahsil) & most of it comes during the statistical department Government of Maharashtra as monsoon period from June to Sept. Similarly Malegaon well as field survey. The delimitation of the Nashik experiences a very high temperature during the pre- district will attempted by marking out the watershed monsoon period that is April and May (max. 44.06 °C of river for which following Indian topographical maps & min. 35° C). As well as in rainy season it experience published by Survey of India may be used. 30° C max. Temperature and 23° C. min. temperature. POPULATION GROWTH: Agriculture is the chief support of the economy of the Population is an important resource from region and supports the population of 1631918 (2001 economic point of view for the regional development Census). of agriculture as it influences the economic activity OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the study and determines the level of consumption and are as follows: 1) To know the population growth and agriculture force. The population in the Girna basin is density from one decade to another. 2) To know the 1635000 (2001 Census). It accounts for 37.54 percent changing land use pattern and land use cover change of the Nashik district. scenario from one decade to another. 3) To know how The average density of population in the study demographic, economic and social factors play a vital area 280 persons per square km. Table 1 show the role on changing land use pattern. 4) To know how population growth and density since 1961 to 2001 with land changing from one major use to another and the a decadal variation and percentage of population factors responsible for it. 5) To know the factors growth.
  • 3. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 21 Table 1: Population Growth and Density Year Population Decade Variation Growth in % Density/Sq.Km. Rural Urban Total 1961 499000 190000 689000 —- —- 118 1971 610000 284000 894000 +205000 +29.75 153 1981 737000 349000 1086000 +192000 +21.48 186 1991 904000 465000 1369000 +283000 +26.06 235 2001 1050000 585000 1635000 +266000 +19.43 280 (Source: District census handbook and Author) It is observed from table 1 that the population in during a span of ten years (Table 2). This increase is Girna basin has been gradually increasing from 1961 due to the cultivable waste land comes under to 2001. In 1961 the population in Girna basin was agriculture. Accordingly, the land under net sown has 689000 while it increased and attained 1635000 persons also been increased during the span of ten years in in 2001. The total increase in population during the the basin. above period is 946000 persons with higher rate. The FOREST: In assessing the character of the population density value was here calculated as ratio vegetation type, a factor that cannot be neglected in of total population to the total area from 1961 to 2001 the long occupation of man and the consequent and is shown in table 1. It is revealed from this table change on the vegetal carpet through agriculture. The that density of population in Girna Basin is increased type of vegetation met with any given locality depends since 1961 from 118 persons per sq. km. to 280 in 2001. on the climate, soil and past treatment has been The interesting fact regarding the density of emphasized by the leading plant ecologists. The population increased 2.4 times during study period. influence of temperature and rainfall on plant life has The decade from 1951 to 1961 the density exhibits low received a special attention in the classifications of rate i.e. 118 persons per sq. km., while high rate of climate proposed by Koppen and Thornthwait. The density was observed in decades 1991 to 2001 and it forest area is being actually decline. Out of the total was 280 persons per sq. km. in the study area. geographical area of the basin had 151100 hects. LAND USE IN GIRNA BASIN: Land use in the (25.84%) were under forest during 1990-91. Whereas, surface utilization of all developed and vacant lands during 2000-2001, the basin has 143507 hects. (24.54 on a specific space at a given time. Lands are used for %) of land under forest. Between 1990-91 and 2000- forests, cultivation of crops, pasture, mining, roads 2001 about 7593 hects. (0.3%) of land under forest has and transportation, gardens and playgrounds, been decreased in the basin. There is a net decrease recreational, settlement (residential), industrial and of 7593 hects. (0.3%) of land under forest during the commercial establishment etc. Whereas, uncultivable study period (Table 2). This decrease is due to the waste land, barren and fallow lands are unused lands. human interruption. There is almost small change in The present landuse has been divided into five broad forest lands during a span of twenty years but the categories viz., 1)Net sown area; 2)Forest; 3)Fallow density of trees goes on decreased through time. land; 4)Cultivable waste and 5)Barren and uncultivable Forest plays a dominant role in maintaining ecological waste land for the period 1990-91 and 2000-01. and environmental balance in the district. NET SOWN AREA: The net sown area is the FALLOW LAND: The term fallow land applies land which is being actually decline. Out of the total for the lands which are not under crops at the time of geographical area of the basin had 317200 hects. reporting though they were soon in the immediate (54.25%) were under net sown during 1990-91. past. The fallow lands are generally divided into two Whereas, during 2000-01, the basin had 321618 hects. major categories i.e. “Old fallow lands “which (55.01 %) were under net sown. About 4418 hects. comprises those lands that have been left uncultivated (0.76%) of land has been increased under net sown for more than five years, and the “Current fallow lands
  • 4. 22 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) Table 2: Land use in Girna Basin (Past & Present -Area is in Hectares) Sr.No. Land use Category Years Changes 1990-91 2000-01 1 Net Sown Area 317200 321618 +4418 Percentage 54.25 55.01 +0.76 2 Forest 151100 143507 -7593 Percentage 25.84 25.54 -0.3 3 Fallow Land 29700 23891 -5809 Percentage 5.08 4.09 -0.99 4 Cultivable Waste Land 38300 28316 -9984 Percentage 6.55 4.84 -1.71 5 Land put to non-Agricultural uses 48400 67368 +18968 Percentage 8.28 11.52 +3.24 Total Area 5847000 584700 Percentage 100 100 (Source: Nasik District: Socio-economic Abstract 1990-91 and 2000- 2001) “which include lands that were not sown at the time etc. In Nasik district cultivable waste land is found in of crop reporting but were sown one or two years the areas where the land has been adversely affected before or left Fallow either in one season or for one by water logging, floods, erosion and scarcity of water. complete year to replenish the soil fertility. The Due to these negative factors, this category of land definition of the term “current fallow “greatly differs has become un-economic and un-productive. This in many parts of the country. In Punjab, lands are land can be brought under cultivation if they are classified as current fallow if it has been left provided with cultivable facilities. Also outlet can be uncultivated for less than two years. In Maharashtra, provided to protect it from water logging. During 1990- land continues to be classified as current fallow, if it is 91, the basin had 38300 hects. (6.55%), and during continued uncultivated for less than ten years. In 2000-2001, 28316 hects. (4.84 %) of land were under Bihar current fallow is applied to all such lands which cultivable waste to the total geographical area of the were not under crops at the site of reporting but which basin. About 1.71 % (9984 hects.) of land has been had been sown in the recent past. Thus current fallow decreased in the basin during the span of ten years. are a part and parcel of the arable land. Girna basin LANDPUT TO NON-AGRICULTURAL USE: has a fallow land of 29700 hects. (5.08 %) during 1990- This broad category comprises of a number of different 91, which has been decreased to 5809 hects. during types of land which are not available for cultivation 2000-2001, to the total geographical area. The net under the existing circumstances. This type of use decrease of fallow land is 5809 hects. Which constitute represents the land occupied by buildings, roads, 0.99 percent over a period of ten years. This reclaimed railways, factories, water bodies, playgrounds, land is almost used for cultivation purposes. gardens, grave lands and settlements. This land Reclaiming fallow land is a good sign of prospering in covers an area of 48400 hects. (8.28%), and 67368 the development agriculture in the district. hects. (11.52%) during 1990-1991 and 2000-2001 in the CULTIVABLE WASTE LAND: Cultivable waste basin respectively to the geographical area. There is lands are defiantly cultivable but are at present lying an increase of land under this category. The net as waste on account of number of limitations. The increase of land put to non agricultural use is 18968 limitations vary from one to another. They can be hects. Which increased 3.24 percent over a period of enumerated under the following heads: encroachment ten years. This high proportion of non-agricultural by wild weeds, floods and erosion, poor drainage, land is due to rapid growth of population, which scarcity of water and distance from settlement area requires more land for residential, commercial
  • 5. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 23 establishments, educational and other institutions, of the basin. The net decrease of forest area is 0.3 % industries, roads, gardens, playgrounds etc. in the between the study period. This percentage of land basin. The land under this category is increasing fast under forest will not suitable for environment & and is bound to increase in future too with the ecological balance. There is decrease in follow land development of science and technology. This land is i.e. 5809 hects. (0.99 %) over a period of ten years. however, considered detrimental to balanced rural There is net decrease of 9984 hects. (1.71 %) of land agrarian economy because the productive land is under cultivable waste. While the net increase of land usurped by unproductive uses. Non-agricultural land put to non-agricultural use is 18968 hects. Constitutes is an index of the development of an area, when the 3.24 % over a period of ten years. The small increasing area is developed in the construction of multi stored percentage of net sown area & increasing high buildings and development in transport facilities. proportion of land put to non-agricultural use is due CONCLUSION: The basin has good percentages to rapid growth of population, which requires more of areas under net sown during the study period. It is land for residential, commercial establishments, above 50 percent of the total geographical area. The educational and other institutions, industries, roads, net increase of net sown area is 4418 hects. Increased gardens, playgrounds etc. in the basin. Non- only 0.76 % over a period of ten years. The net area agricultural land is an index of the development of an under forest will be decreased between 1990-91 to area, when the area is developed in the construction 2000-01; it is 7593 hects. of the total geographical area of houses and transport facility. R E F E R E N C E • Basu, S., (1988): “Landuse in Malkauria village-A case study in Banker District”, Geographical Review of India, Calcutta, 50/5. • B.C.Vaidya (1997):”Agricultural Landuse in India”, Manak New Delhi 110092. • Government of Maharashtra : Socio- economic Abstract, 1980-81, 1990-91 and 2000-01. • Khoshoo, (1986):”Environmental priorities in India & sustained Development”, Indian science Congress Association, p.11. • Nanavati, M.B. (1957) (foreward): “Readings in land utilization”, The Indian society of Agricultural economics, Bombay, p.2. • Nath, V (1953):”Land Utilization in India”, Journal of the soil & Water Conservation in India, Vol.1, no.2, p.8. • Newsletter (Dec. 1999): International Geographical Union, Study Group on Land Use Cover, Japan. • P. Y. Vyalij (April 2009) : “ Changing Landuse profile in Nashik District” A National Journal ‘ Research Link’ Issue-61, Vol-VIII(2), p.75-78, Indore (MP). • P. Y. Vyalij, R.S. Deore (Aug. 2009) “ Population Growth and Changing Landuse profile in Malegaon Tahsil ( MS)” A National Journal ‘ Research Link’ Issue-65, Vol-VIII(06), p.66-69, Indore (MP). • Profali, R.M. (1975):”The Study of land Utilization in a part of a Bor Command Area”, The Deccan Geographar, Secunderabad, 13/1&2. • Stamp, L.D. (1948):”The land of Britain & how it is used “, London, Farah & Fahar, p.32. • Vink A.P.A., (1975)”Landuse in Advance Agriculture.”Springer-Verlag.