1) The document examines the correlation between population distribution and various physical and non-physical determinants in Haryana, India. 2) It finds a moderate positive correlation between rainfall and population distribution, and a low negative correlation between forest area, net sown area, commercial crop area, irrigation, and population distribution. 3) A low positive correlation exists between the level of economic development and population distribution. The study finds that population growth in Haryana is influenced most by economic development and rainfall.

1. 47SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
Research Paper -Geography
December , 2013
Introduction:
Population is significant natural resource, which
determines the level of socio-economic development
and environmental degradation in area. Thus, the
Populationdistributionanalysisis animportant aspect
of geographical studies, which provides proper guide-
lines for the regional planning and development. The
rapid population growth is considered as an important
determiningfactoramongotherfactorsofenvironmen-
tal degradation. The increasing population requires
additional land for farming, fuel wood, fodder, human
settlement, road, industrial and institutional establish-
ments etc., thus putting pressure on both renewable
and nonrenewable resources. Population growth is a
major problem in the socio-economic development of
the region. It is in this context, the present study has
endeavored, therefore, to examine the correlation be-
tween some determinants and distribution of popula-
tion i.e. Rainfall, Forest area, Commercial crop area,
Irrigated area and Economic development.
StudyArea:
Haryana state is one of the most prosperous states
ofIndia. It's lies between 27?37'north to 30?53'north-
ernlatitudeand 74?28'eastto 77?36'easternlongitude.
Haryana was carved out fromPunjab in 1966 as a new
state of India. On the northern side of it Punjab and
HimachalPradesh,UttarPradeshand Rajasthanareon
east and south of Haryana and Punjab and Rajasthan
share the western boundary. The total area is
44212sq.km.having21districtsin2011.Haryanastate
hastotalpopulationof2,53,53,081personsin2011,out
ofwhich1,35,05,130aremaleand1,18,47,951female.
The density ofpopulation recorded as 573 persons per
sq.kilometer,whichisfifthhighestinIndianstates.The
childsexratiorecorded830femalesperthousandmales,
which is lowest in India. Haryana state has 76.64 per-
centliteracyratewithdifferentialof85.38percentmale
DistributionofPopulationInHaryana:
ACorrelationAnalysis
*Mr.MonuKumar
*Extension.Lecturer,Dept.ofGeography,Govt.College,Bhiwani.
A B S T R A C T
The present paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between physical & non-physical determinants and distribution
of population. Spearman's Rank Difference method is used for analyze the correlation between selected physical & non-
physical factors and distribution of population. The result of correlation coefficient between population distribution and
net sown area, commercial crop area, forest area and irrigation found low degree negatively correlation. Among them,
two variables namely, level of economic development and Rainfall are positive associated with population distribution.
Key Words: Population Distribution, correlation Analysis, Physical determinants, Non- Physical, Spearman's Rank
literacyand 66.77 percent female literacy.
LiteratureCited:
Anumberofstudieshasbeenmadebythescholar
to analyze correlation between distribution of popula-
tion and its determinants acrossthe world. Some ofthe
important contribution are byMishra (2002) analyzed
the relationship between population, socio-economic
developmentusingdistrictleveldata. Vaikunte(2006)
analyses the relationship between ofpopulation distri-
butionandsocio-economicdevelopmentandthelinked
health problemsin Indiaat nationaland regional level.
Nagdeve (2007) examined the association of popula-
tion, poverty and urbanization in the environment is
degrading rapidly. Mohanty (2009) analyses the trend
in population growth, socio- economic development.
Arundhati&Shinde(2011)intheirstudyexamined the
relationship between physical and non-physical deter-
minants and population distribution in Maharashtra
state. However, perhaps there is no particular study on
distribution of population in Haryana a correlation
analysis. The present study has endeavored, there-
fore,toexaminethecorrelationbetweendistributionof
population and some determinants i.e. rainfall, forest
area,commercialcroparea,irrigatedareaandeconomic
development.
Methodology:
Present study is based on secondary sources of
datacollected fromcensusofIndia2011and statistical
abstract of Haryana2011-12. 11.5 SPPS software has
used for examine the correlation between selected
physical and non-physical factors and distribution of
populationand Spearman'sRankDifferencemethod is
used. A suitable cartographic techniques has used for
the present analysis. Spearman's Rank correlation de-
noted by 'r' is given by the formula r= 1- 6d2/ N3- N
D-Difference between the rank of each item
N- the number of observation

2. 48 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
Rainfall andDistribution ofPopulation:
Fig. 1 depicts the correlation between rainfall and
population growth. It is moderate degree positive
correlation with average r-value +0.45 for the entire
state. Faridabad, Mewat districts show negative
correlation. The remaining districts of the state show
positive correlation. In some districts, the distribution
ofrainfallisnotthemostimportantfactorforpopulation
distribution. A Gurgoan, Ambala, Yamunanager, and
Sonipat district has recorded high rainfall but theses
districts show low population growth.
Forest Area andDistributionof Population:
Fig.2 shows the correlation between percentage of
the area under the forest and population growth. The
correlation between these two variables in the entire
stateshows lowdegree negativecorrelation with-0.21
r-value. Faridabad, Gurgoan, Panchkula,Ambala dis-
tricts show negative correlation between these two
variables. These districts have high growth of
population, due to the high level of urbanization,
industrialization and transport facilities.Also Karnal,
Rohtak, Jhajjar, Sonipat districts have developed
agriculture districts show the less under the forest
area.
Net SownArea andDistributionof Population:
Fig.4 shows the high degree negative correlation
between net sown area and distribution of population
with-0.64 r-value.Panchkula,Faridabadand Gurgoan
districts show negative correlation. The economy of
these districts is not dependent on agriculture. It is
dependent on secondary and tertiary activities. Rest
18 districts of the state show positive correlation
between these two variables.
Commercial Crop Area and Distribution Population:
Fig.6showslowdegreenegativecorrelationwith-0.18
r-values between these variables in the state.
Mahendergrah,Rewari,Hissar,FatehabadandBhiwani
districtsshowpositivecorrelation.Theareaundercash
crops in these districts is higher than others districts.
Remaining districts show negative correlation.
Irrigation And Distribution of Population:
Fig.3, depicts the correlation between these two
variables in the state on an average is low degree
negative with -0.14 r-value. The districts of Haryana,
which show the negative correlation, are Bhiwani,
Panchkula, Mewat and Mahendergrah. The gross
irrigated area is lowin these districts. Moreover, other
districts of Haryana show the positive correlation
between these variables.
Level of Economic Development and Distribution of
Population:
Haryana state is one of the most prosperous states
ofIndia.Fig.5explainsthecorrelationbetweenlevelof
economic development and growth of population is
low degree of positive correlation with +0.16 r-value.
Panchkula,Ambala, Faridabad, and Gurgoan districts
showpositive correlation. It is because to high level of
economicdevelopment,urbanization,industrialization
and transport facilities. Remaining districts of study
area show negative correlation these two variables.
Therefore, these districts have low growth of
population.
Conclusion:
Amongthevariousphysicaldeterminants,thathave
been considered in the present study are rainfall and
forest. The rainfall distribution population is not im-
portant factor for population distribution because
Gurgoan,Ambala, Yamunanager, and Sonipat district
hasrecordedhighrainfallbutthesesdistrictsshowlow
population growth. In non-physical determinants, the
factors considered are irrigation, net sown area, level
of economic development. The correlation between
Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3

3. 49SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
1 Arundhati, B & Shinde (2011), "Distribution of population of population in Maharashtra Correlation analysis," NGJI,
Vol.57, Pt (1), March 2011:89-96.
2 Keshwa, M. (2013), "Correlation Between Female Literacy & Child Sex Ratio in Haryana (2011): A Geographical Analysis,"
IJARMSS, Vol. 2 No. 10 October 2013,
3 Mohammad Noor (1973), "A Study in Agricultural Land use (1951- 1970)", Geographical Review of India, Vol. XXXV, No.
3, Pp 277-288.
R E F E R E N C E
actual and level of economic development show posi-
tivecorrelation,percentageofirrigated areaand actual
population shows low degree negative correlation.
Forestareaandcommercialcropfactorsalsoshowlow
degree negative correlation. These factors have af-
fected the growth of population directly or indirectly.