"The task-centric revolution. Weaving information into workflows." Systems should be centered around tasks, not applications. This talk will present ideas and techniques towards the design of task-centric systems.

1. The task-centric revolution. Weaving information into workflows Dagobert Soergel College of Information Studies ASIST 2008

5. Ontology S. Search History / PIM Task-oriented processing History-aware personal information store. Planning Ontology Support Functional Integration Collaboration Search Sense-making Processing History / PIM Ontology S. Sense-making Sense-making Processing Search Collaborator User in focus Collaborator

7. The digital library of the future: A look at the DELOS vision DELOS Network of Excellence in Digital Libraries Now the DELOS association Funded by the EU, >50 DL research groups as members

12. CLASS functionality The design of a lesson planning system

14. CLASS walk-through

15. Figure 1. Opening screen for creating a lesson plan

16. Figure 2. Lesson plan outline

17. Figure 2. Lesson plan outline

18. Figure 3. Selection of applicable standards

19. Figure 4. Selection of applicable vocabulary words

20. Figure 5. Query formulation for a theme in the lesson planning module

21. Figure 6a. Browse the thesaurus

22. Figure 6b. Descriptor found in detailed information for soldiers

23. Figure 7. Display of results

24. Figure 8a. Segment Display. Detailed information about the segment

25. Figure 8a. Segment Display. Detailed information about the segment

26. Figure 8b. Segment Assessment. The full form

27. Figure 8b. Segment Assessment. The full form

28. Figure 8c. Segment Display and Segment Assessment sharing the screen

29. Figure 9. Interview segment added to lesson plan module

42. Sample Think-aloud Protocol with Coding Protocol (Energy Security Task) Loops Processes Conceptual Changes Cognitive Mechanisms Okay that was actually a very useful search. So let’s still take this query and look at Algeria, ‘cause obviously Algeria and Nigeria are very close… Loop 4 Focused Search for data Comparison I understand some of the keywords in the article but I don’t understand what the article… Sense-making Failure Key item extraction Okay this has to do with Algeria, southern Algeria. The minister of energy… OPEC meeting… so I am going to see what their connections are with OPEC. Building structures Key item extraction … with all the violence in Nigeria, I was expecting to find the same types of political outrage in Algeria… Instantiating structures Comparison and analogy and I’m not seeing any notice of that at all. Updating of knowledge Re-structuring

43. Example Concepts and Relationships Concepts/Entity Relationships in new information Relationship in existing knowledge Nigeria ( entity ) Political violence ( concept ) Nigeria <hasSituation> Political violence Algeria Algeria <is very close to> Nigeria Algeria <hasSituation> Political violence ? Political stability Algeria <hasSituation> Political stability Nigeria <hasSituation> Political violence The minister of energy OPEC meeting Nigeria <hasRelationshipTo> OPEC ? …

45. Candidates positions on energy. Take 1

46. Candidates positions on energy. Take 2

49. An Iterative Sense-making Model Data gap Structure gap Search: exploratory / focused Outcomes Updated knowledge Structure loop Data loop Identification of Gaps Searching for data Instantiating structure Accretion: Instantiated structure Tuning: Adapted structure Re-structuring: New structure Searching for structure Building structure Existing Knowledge Structures and their instantiations with data The iterations proceed from exploratory to focused search and sense-making. Task / Problem Decision / Solution / Task completion

65. Information arranged by role in argument

72. Leftover slides

77. Data Analysis – Coding Scheme A Processes (from the model) Search Sense-making Exploratory search Exploratory search for data Exploratory search for structure Focused search Focused search for data Focused search for structure Gap identification Data gap Structural gap Building structures Using automatically extracted results Extracting relationships manually Instantiating structures Updating knowledge B Conceptual Changes (from the model) Sense-making success Sense-making failure Accretion Unable to fit data into structure Tuning Re-structuring Unable to build new structure

78. Data Analysis – Coding Scheme C Cognitive Mechanisms (from the model) Inductive mechanisms Deductive mechanisms Other Key item extraction Comparison Similarity Differentiation Schema induction Generalization Definition Specification Explanation-based Elimination Inference Analogy and metaphor Classification Socratic dialogues Semantic fit D Emerging Codes Added During Analysis Reasons starting a new loop Resolution of conflicts New lead Disregard conflicting evidence Sense-making success Compromise Sense-making failure Accept new evidence Search failure Confusion