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Family Violence by Humphrey Mwangi & Timothy Pafford,[object Object],1.  Wife beating,[object Object],2.  Elder abuse,[object Object],3.  A global perspective on family violence,[object Object],4.  Social responses to family violence,[object Object],5. Marital rape,[object Object],6. Child abuse,[object Object],7. A social profile of family abusers,[object Object],8. Theories of Family Violence,[object Object],1,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Wife Beating ,[object Object],1/3 married person assault their spouses,[object Object],2/3 assault at least once during marriage,[object Object],Focus is put on more violent acts of beating rather than the triviality of slaps and pats.,[object Object],Some women hurt their spouses too but the majority is men directing their vengeance to their wives,[object Object],2,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Nature of Wife Beating,[object Object],Husbands are overwhelmingly likely to assault wives compared to wives assaulting husbands.,[object Object],Wife beating becomes a big social problem when more than 2 million women are reporting being beaten (Thio, 118),[object Object],Husbands behave as if they have the right to beat their wives after the act.,[object Object],3,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
How husbands rationalize violence,[object Object],Blame the victim,[object Object],Minimize the harm done,[object Object],Attributing the acts to something beyond their control,[object Object],After the battering has occurred, women suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorders,[object Object],Others  develop Battered Woman Syndrome,[object Object],4,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Do Battered Women Leave?,[object Object],Yes. It is wrongly thought most battered spouses stay in abusive marriages.,[object Object],The contrary is true. Most wives run for help.,[object Object],Some continue living  with their abusers.,[object Object],Among the reasons for staying are:,[object Object],Lack of education,[object Object],Likely isolation,[object Object],Economical dependency on the husbands,[object Object],5,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Wife Beating: Causes,[object Object],Feminist theorists blame society. The sexist, patriarchal nature of society (Thio, pg 120).,[object Object],Women are treated as if they were the property of their husbands.,[object Object],Husbands with patriarchal beliefs are more likely to assault their wives where wife beating is widely accepted,[object Object],6,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Wife Beating: Causes contd,[object Object],Those husbands who have lost control over their life tend to abuse wives more than the latter.,[object Object],Poor men or unemployed men have been linked to wife beating at higher rate than ones with jobs and sense of security.,[object Object],These men feel their power is under threat resulting to violence,[object Object],7,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Elder Abuse,[object Object],Most elderly people are independent but 25% of them require long-term care,[object Object],Majority live at home while a few are in nursing homes.,[object Object],In these facilities and homes, the elderly are taken care of by:,[object Object],Caretakers,[object Object],Parents,[object Object],Spouses etc,[object Object],8,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Elder Abuse Defined,[object Object],New Zealand Age Concern Elder Abuse and Prevention Service defines elder abuse as:,[object Object],elder abuse and neglect are usually committed by a person known to the victim and with whom they have a relationship implying trust. A person who abuses an older person usually has some sort of control or influence over him or her.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],9,[object Object]
Elder Abuse in New Zealand,[object Object],Most of the reported cases were directed towards women between the ages of 75-84 yrs.,[object Object],As in most other countries, the abuse  committed consistency with other figures,[object Object], The study done by Hand & Parsons also found out that in New Zealand there is undervaluing of the elderly due to their productivity.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],10,[object Object]
Elder Abuse: Nature,[object Object],Types of Elder abuse:,[object Object],Neglect,[object Object],Emotional Abuse,[object Object],Financial exploitation,[object Object],Physical Abuse.,[object Object],Most of the perpetrators are Adult children. Thus more likely to be abused if they live with adult children than when they live alone.,[object Object],11,[object Object],HM,[object Object]
Causes of Elder Abuse,[object Object],The nature of the job.,[object Object],Stress caused by the job triggers abuse.,[object Object],Severe personal problems,[object Object],Financial difficulty and dependence,[object Object],Unfulfilling rewards to the caregiver.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],12,[object Object]
Global Perspective on Family Violence,[object Object],Family violence takes the same form all over the world.,[object Object],It is physical, emotional, or sexual abuse.,[object Object],Most family violence occur mostly in developing countries than in US and other developed countries. ,[object Object],The lack thereof police and other help make it suitable in developing countries,[object Object],HM,[object Object],13,[object Object]
Global Perspective: Violence,[object Object],Haj-Yahia & Uysal, 2008 noted in their study that between 4.5 to 38.7% of students in a Turkish university justified wife beating.,[object Object],Between 3.5 and 5.3% of them tended to believe that battered women benefit from beating.,[object Object],While between 4.7 and 28.5% of them tended to believe that battered women are responsible for their beating.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],14,[object Object]
Global Perspective: Violence,[object Object],While women continue to be subject to  violence, things have change over time.,[object Object],Family violence is not as common in affluent societies.,[object Object],Many poor communities and regimes have started recognizing women rights and protecting them from violence,[object Object],Male dominance is still a problem though.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],15,[object Object]
Social responses to family violence,[object Object],In America violence against the aged, children and women is widely condemned,[object Object],The law severely punishes offender with jail time, fines, and other tools.,[object Object],Family violence by a family member in most societies is leniently treated. ,[object Object],The belief in the sacredness and privacy of family makes it hard to punish family violence.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],16,[object Object]
Social responses to family violence,[object Object],Today, all states in U.S. have laws protecting women.,[object Object],However, some still do not treat marital rape as rape.,[object Object],Defining consensual sex and forced sex is still unclear.,[object Object],Laws have been passed that seek to protect children and the elderly.,[object Object],Counseling is encouraged for offenders.,[object Object],HM,[object Object],17,[object Object]
Marital Rape,[object Object],Most likely the most prevalent form of forced sex,[object Object],More common that acquaintance or stranger rape,[object Object],10% - 14% of wives suffered marital rape,[object Object]
Nature of Marital Rape,[object Object],Most involve physical violence or threat of it,[object Object],Vaginal rapes account for less than half of marital rapes; forced anal rape occurs slightly more often,[object Object],Offenders assume they are entitled to have sex with their wives,[object Object]
3 Main Causes of Marital Rape,[object Object],Sexist belief that the husband is entitled to sex however they want their wife,[object Object],Husband’s attempt to punish wife for her unfaithfulness or some other “sin”,[object Object],Control over the wife,[object Object]
Child Abuse,[object Object],“Of the different forms of family violence, child abuse seems to be the most serious or shocks people the most.” (Thio, 2010),[object Object]
Nature of Child Abuse,[object Object],Sexual Abuse,[object Object],10% - 20% of women were victimized during childhood,[object Object],1% - 3% of men were victimized during childhood,[object Object],2% of children are victimized each year,[object Object]
Nature of Child Abuse cont.,[object Object],Physical Abuse,[object Object],Majority of child abuse involve physical abuse,[object Object],4% of children age 17 or younger are severely assaulted every year,[object Object]
Nature of Child Abuse,[object Object],Facts about child abuse include,[object Object],Very young children under the age of 5 are at higher risk of abuse,[object Object],Abuse comes more frequently in lower income homes,[object Object]
Causes of Child Abuse,[object Object],[object Object]
Abuser being a victim of child abuse
Acceptance of physical punishment as a way of disciplining a child
Poverty, unemployment, family problems, lack of education
Problematic interaction between a parent and child,[object Object]

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Family violence by humphrey & timothy

Notas del editor

  1. References:Thio, A. (2010). Family Violence.(10th ed) Deviant Behavior (pp118-130) Boston, MA: Ally & BaconPeri, K., Fanslow, J., Hand, J., & Parsons, J. (2009). Keeping older people safe by preventing elder abuse and neglect. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, (35), 159-172. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Haj-Yahia, M., & Uysal, A. (2008). Beliefs about Wife Beating among Medical Students from Turkey. Journal of Family Violence, 23(2), 119-133. doi:10.1007/s10896-007-9134-7.
  2. According to Thio, wife beating needs to focus on the violent acts where bodily injury is caused (Thio, pg 118) Women as perpetrators of this crime make up a small percentage of batterers. That is not to mean women do not harm their husbands, some do.While it is true that wife beating or beating in general paints a picture of injuring someone, it is possible to harm someone without causing bodily injury I would argue. The pressure of knowing someone can beat you when they please I think is emotional draining.
  3. 1,641 women reported to have been assaulted by their husbands compared to 102 women who reported the same (Thio, pg 118). Abusive husbands and those who beat their wives often act as if the offense they commit are justified thus they have “license batter their wives” (Thio, pg 119) They thus do not show any remorse after the beating has occurred. They make every effort to neutralize the issue.
  4. Abusive husbands try to justify their acts by blaming the victim, they say “You kept yelling; I told you this would happen”. They minimize the injury caused by making statements like “I just slapped her slightly”. Such men try to attribute the violence to other external factors: “I have been overworked off late” (Thio, pg 119)Women who have been abused and subjected to physical violence develop Battered Woman Syndrome where they lose self esteem, confidence, feel trapped in a situation they cannot get themselves out of, the thought of violence directed towards them is real, in the end, such wives may end up killing their husbands in the hope that the problem is gone.Do you think such a wife is justified to do what she decides to? If someone is subjected to violence for this long, should that be used to defend them in court?
  5. There is a widely taken believe that most battered wives do not leave while in fact most do. They run for help from the police, social workers, shelters, family members, or friends. Despite leaving, the victims are still vulnerable to their abusive husbands who still try to get to them by stalking, and in worse cases killing them after the fact. The fear of retaliation makes most of the victims of wife battery to stick around. They know what their husbands are capable of and thus do not want to see their fears come true. (Thio, pg 119-120)
  6. Some societies makes the role of women to be that of serving their master who are men and in this case their husbands. Women are treated and taken as the property of their husbands. If you own something, you get to decide what happens to it. Wife beating is more prevalent in patriarchal societies (Thio, pg120)
  7. Poverty, unemployment, drug use, and alcoholism lead men to losing control over their life. (Thio, pg 120) These men feel they have lost control of the power they are supposed to have.
  8. Abuse to the elderly happens at the hands and care of the people they have trusted with their care. These people either knowingly or unknowingly abuse elders in the facilities they reside in. Can you think of situation in which abuse is likely to occur?
  9. New Zealand like many other societies have struggled with defining elder abuse but in its choice of definition, they mention neglect, victim, relationship, and control.
  10. According to Fanslow, J., Hand, J., & Parsons, 2009, the study they did found out that there was a perceived lack of productivity among the elderly. I know this is the reality of things and life but I find that a little off the tracks in that the elderly had their time too. They too were young at one point. They worked and had an impact on the larger society. Ageism is such a vice, while the old might be frail and weak, they too have a life and purpose. (pg 9)
  11. Maybe the biggest explanation there is on the existence and likelihood of Adult children abuse is because most of the care given to the elderly is given at home (live-in). In these settings, there is a lot of stress to the care-giver in the long-term (Thio, pg 124).
  12. The job of care giving is stressful and time consuming. Most of the people who work in these settings have families too, they take care of the elder at work and go home for the same thing. The frustrations rise and stress sets in. The conditions are disabling and long lasting (Thio, pg 125) Daughters of the elderly have been to be more likely to abuse their parents more than the noncaregiving peers. Some caregivers feel the rewards they are getting do not meet what they are expected to do. The pay is not as good nor is enough to meet their needs. In that case, they are more likely to financially exploit the elderly.
  13. Violence all over the world is generally similar in nature. There is no formula on wife beating or financial exploitation of the elderly. People push, pull, slap, and engage in other physical acts that are considered violent.
  14. Haj-Yahia & Uysal , 2008 confirms what we discussed earlier in the mindset of men when they have committed the offense and are trying to deal with the reality that they caused a woman harm. But what is sad here is that these Turkish students by a wide number believe wife beating is okay. As noted earlier, some cultures and society justifiably seem to allow wife beating. The statistics quoted above are astonishing, it is inconcievable that young students would harbor such beliefs while they will be the husbands and leaders of tomorrow.
  15. While there has been a continuous effort to protect women, there are still societies that still welcome violence against women. In Romania for instance, victims of violence do not report to the police on incidents due to their held believe that “they as women deserve to be beaten every now and then” (Thio, pg 128). In most African countries, men pay dowry for their wives putting a stamp on the belief that the wife is the property of the man paying dowry.
  16. Violence against anyone should be treated as a crime. I do not believe there is any one reason why anyone would hurt others then use family as a shield. What do you think? Should family violence committed by a family member be treated differently than violence committed by strangers?
  17. The society has entrusted the police to protecting its citizens. Police can deter abusive husbands but they can also cause a situation to escalate (Thio, pg 130) The justice system tries to reduce violence by making the offenders go through counseling
  18. Lorena Bobbitt gained media attention in 1994 after cutting off her husband’s penis after he raped her. (Thio, 2010)
  19. The offender threatens harm to the victim or threatens them by saying that if the victim doesn’t give them sex the offender will find it elsewhere. (Thio, 2010)Marital rapes occur in forms of forcing the wife to have sex in front of the children, inserting objects into wives private parts, or forcing her to have sex right after being discharged from hospital – usually after giving birth. (Thio, 2010)
  20. These causes are an integral part of the patriarchal society that encourages men to dominate women. (Thio, 2010)Justification leads the wife to blame herself. (Thio, 2010)
  21. Child abuse has been called a national emergency. (Thio, 2010)
  22. Most cases of incest involve fathers as the offender and daughters as the victim. There is no significant difference between the social classes of who commits incest. (Thio, 2010)
  23. Prior to the enactment of the 1974 federal law, Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment act, it was very seldom that anyone came to the aid of these children. (Thio, 2010)Since the mid-1980s, there has been a 48% increase in the number of children have been killed by their parents. (Thio, 2010)Susan Smith, a mother in South Carolina, made national news after pushing her car occupied by her two small boys into a body of water. Neither boy lived. (Thio, 2010)
  24. Abusers are more likely than non-abusers to have emotional, behavioral, familial or interpersonal difficulties. (Thio, 2010)
  25. Problematic interaction between parent and child has been found to increase the risk for child abuse. Problematic interaction becomes apparent when the parent or child has problems that make child care demanding, difficult or stressful. (Thio, 2010)
  26. Those individuals in the lower social classes often don’t have the resources that those in the upper social classes do. (Thio, 2010)Financial issues, being a single parent, sexual difficulties, teen parenthood, etc increase the chances of abuse. (Thio, 2010)
  27. In the exchange theory violence can occur because the offender finds some kind of reward from committing the abuse. (Thio, 2010)