1. Chapter 10
Western Expansion and the National Policy

2.  In America’s effort to expand the west
they went to war and conquered the First
Nations
 When Canada decided to expand west
they signed a series of treaties with the
First Nations, because they wanted to
avoid the high cost of lives and money
that goes with a war
 Some say this what distinguishes us from
Americans, others say our injustices were
with words and not swords
Treaties With First Nations

3.  Starting in 1871 Canada started signing
treaties with the First Nations in Rupert’s
land in order to gain ownership of land
and peace with First Nations in order to
lay the National Railway
◦ so they signed treaty 1 first in 1871 and treaty
2 right after and so on until treaty 11 in 1921
Treaty by Number

4. Copy of Treaty 7

5.  Go through the treaty and find any place
where you think the deal is better for First
Nations and where you think it is better
for Canada and record it in a T-Chart
 Highlight or mark up where you find
things in the T-Charts by number your T –
chart and the treaty

6. FN Canada
1. Location of land
does not make sense
2. FN not given
enough land to hunt
or farm

7.  Based on the results of your T-Charts who
do you think benefited the most from the
FN treaties?

8.  Canada viewed the treaty as way to gain
ownership of land
 First Nations had no concept of ownership
of land and thought they were making a
deal to share the land
 First Nations kept oral histories of the
events and Canada’s government kept
written records, there is a difference
between the 2 and Canada would only
believe the written record. Some people
believe Canada left stuff out of the written
record even though they agreed to
something orally
First Nations View of Treaty VS.
Canada’s View

9.  First Nations viewed the treaties as a way
to preserve their culture in an era that
was forcing change on them and thought
the treaties would be permanent
 Canada’s government saw the treaties as
a way to assimilate First Nations, get
them to adopt British ways. Canada did
not think of the treaties as permanent
because they thought First Nation culture
was not permanent
First Nations View of Treaty VS.
Canada’s View

10.  Education
 Health care
 Reserves – Land set aside for exclusive
use by First Nations
 Rights to Hunt and Fish on all lands at all
times
 Farming assistance – tools and seeds
 Payments – small annual sums of money
What the Treaties Promised

11.  To what extent did cultural differences
complicate treaty negotiations?
 Was the Canadian government and First
Nations people fully aware of these
differences?
 What if this was happening today with
Canadians and Americans?

12.  Were created by the government to fullfill
the promise of education for First Nations
declared in the treaties
◦ The schools would separate First Nation
children from families
◦ would only allow First Nations children to use
the English language and British cultural norms
 Read page 313 and answer the respond
questions
Residential Schools -

13.  Read page 314 and answer the respond
questions

14.  Chapter task
 The Canadian government has hired your
advertising agency to promote
immigration to Canada’s Western Frontier
in accordance with the New National
Policy
◦ Create a poster or radio add to promote
expansion to Canada’s west
◦ Make sure you add is exciting and tries to use
all 3 points of the National Policy if possible
◦ Attach a paragraph explaining your add
campaigns goals, where they will be distributed
in the world and why you placed the things you
did in your add campaign

15.  read page 315 and answer the respond
questions

16.  read page 320
The National Policy

17.  read page 321 and answer the respond
questions
 read pages 322 and 323 and answer the
respond question
Chinese rail workers

18.  read page 324 to 325 and answer the
following question
 do you think the “behind the scenes”
comments were accurate opinions?
 do you agree with those opinions?
Rail way Finished

19.  read page 326 and 327 and answer the
respond questions
 Read 328 and 329 and answer the
respond questions
 read page 331 and answer the respond
questions
 read pages 332-333 and 336-337 and
answer the following question
◦ Is their any similarities between the Canadien
and Eastern European immigrants to the other
different cultural immigrants to the west?
Immigration to the West

20.  Read pages 340-341 and answer the
respond questions
Alberta and Saskatchewan formed

21.  Chapter task
 The Canadian government has hired your
advertising agency to promote
immigration to Canada’s Western Frontier
in accordance with the New National
Policy
◦ Create a poster or radio add to promote
expansion to Canada’s west
◦ Make sure you add is exciting and tries to use
all 3 points of the National Policy if possible
◦ Attach a paragraph explaining your add
campaigns goals, where they will be distributed
in the world and why you placed the things you
did in your add campaign