2. 2
Course ObjectiveCourse Objective
• The Objective of Java course is:The Objective of Java course is:
– To understand basic programming concepts using JavaTo understand basic programming concepts using Java
syntax.syntax.
– To appreciate OOP concepts and encourage problemTo appreciate OOP concepts and encourage problem
solving using OOP techniques.solving using OOP techniques.
– To understand various Java API and how to use themTo understand various Java API and how to use them
effectively in projects.effectively in projects.
– To understand the need for exception handling and howTo understand the need for exception handling and how
to use in Java environment.to use in Java environment.
3. 3
What is Java?What is Java?
• Java is both:Java is both:
– A Programming languageA Programming language
– A PlatformA Platform
4. 4
The Java ProgrammingThe Java Programming
LanguageLanguage
• Java is an Object Oriented Programming language.Java is an Object Oriented Programming language.
• Java’s syntax is similar to C / C++ syntax.Java’s syntax is similar to C / C++ syntax.
• Java is both compiled and interpreted.Java is both compiled and interpreted.
• The intermediate form is called Java byte code, which isThe intermediate form is called Java byte code, which is
platform independent.platform independent.
• Byte codes are interpreted by JVM during runtime.Byte codes are interpreted by JVM during runtime.
5. 5
Java PlatformJava Platform
• The Java Platform has twoThe Java Platform has two
components:components:
–The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
–The Java Application ProgrammingThe Java Application Programming
Interface (Java API)Interface (Java API)
6. 6
The Java PlatformThe Java Platform
• The Java VM is base for Java platform and isThe Java VM is base for Java platform and is
ported onto various hardware-based and OS basedported onto various hardware-based and OS based
platforms.platforms.
• The Java API is a large collection of ready-made,The Java API is a large collection of ready-made,
frequently used class libraries, stored in packages.frequently used class libraries, stored in packages.
7. 7
The Java EnvironmentThe Java Environment
Java Program
Java Virtual machine
Native OS / Platform
Java API
JAVA
PLATFORM
8. 8
A Simple Java ProgramA Simple Java Program
/** This is our first Java Program *//** This is our first Java Program */
class FirstClassclass FirstClass
{{
public static void main(String args[])public static void main(String args[])
{{
System.out.println(“Hello World.”);System.out.println(“Hello World.”);
}}
}}
10. 10
Java Data TypesJava Data Types
• Two major data typesTwo major data types
– PrimitivePrimitive
• Because java program has to run on differentBecause java program has to run on different
architecture and OS, the size of the data shouldarchitecture and OS, the size of the data should
remain same. Otherwise, on different machines theremain same. Otherwise, on different machines the
output will be differentoutput will be different
– ReferenceReference
• All objects are of type reference data type. JavaAll objects are of type reference data type. Java
doesn’t allow directly to access memory. But objectsdoesn’t allow directly to access memory. But objects
are refered by pointers only.are refered by pointers only.
12. 12
Primitive Data TypesPrimitive Data Types
• Real NumbersReal Numbers
– floatfloat (32 bit)(32 bit)
– doubledouble (64 bit)(64 bit)
• Other TypesOther Types
– charchar (16 bit)(16 bit)
– booleanboolean (true / false)(true / false)
13. 13
Reference Data TypesReference Data Types
• Examples:Examples:
– ArraysArrays
– StringsStrings
– ObjectsObjects
– InterfacesInterfaces
• The name reference means a pointer in the memory. AllThe name reference means a pointer in the memory. All
objects are referred by their memory location only. Butobjects are referred by their memory location only. But
user cannot directly access memory location.user cannot directly access memory location.
• Memory management is taken care by JVM itself.Memory management is taken care by JVM itself.
14. 14
Variable NamesVariable Names
• Variable names in Java are legal Java identifier comprisedVariable names in Java are legal Java identifier comprised
of a series of Unicode characters.of a series of Unicode characters.
• Variable names must not be Java keyword or a booleanVariable names must not be Java keyword or a boolean
literalliteral
• Same variable name should not appear twice within aSame variable name should not appear twice within a
scope.scope.
17. 17
Arrays in JavaArrays in Java
• Java arrays are objects.Java arrays are objects.
• Array contains like-typed values.Array contains like-typed values.
• Array can contain both primitive and reference data types.Array can contain both primitive and reference data types.
• When used with reference data types, reference (memoryWhen used with reference data types, reference (memory
location) is only stored in arrays and not the real objects.location) is only stored in arrays and not the real objects.
• Java supports multidimensional arrays. They are nothingJava supports multidimensional arrays. They are nothing
but ‘array of arrays’.but ‘array of arrays’.
18. 18
Arrays in JavaArrays in Java
• Array DeclarationArray Declaration
– int myIntegers[];int myIntegers[];
– int[] myIntegers;int[] myIntegers;
• Array memory allocation:Array memory allocation:
– int myIntegers[] = new int[10];int myIntegers[] = new int[10];
• Array Initialization:Array Initialization:
– int myIntegers[] = {1,2,3,4,5};int myIntegers[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
19. 19
Strings in JavaStrings in Java
• A sequence of characters is encapsulated as a StringA sequence of characters is encapsulated as a String
object.object.
• Java uses ‘+’ operator for String concatenation.Java uses ‘+’ operator for String concatenation.
• Some useful String functions are:Some useful String functions are:
– s.length();s.length();
– s1.equals(s2);s1.equals(s2);
– s1.subString(int startIndex, int upTo);s1.subString(int startIndex, int upTo);
20. 20
SummarySummary
• In this session you learned about:In this session you learned about:
– Java Programming LanguageJava Programming Language
– Java PlatformJava Platform
– Java EnvironmentJava Environment
– First Java ProgramFirst Java Program
– Data TypesData Types
– OperatorsOperators
– Control FlowControl Flow
– Java Arrays and StringsJava Arrays and Strings
Notas del editor
Java is an object oriented programming language similar to C++. It is a high level programming language. Platform mean Java runs on a virtual machine. Normally, programs are compiled and built for a specific architecture and operating system. Since Java needs to run on different OS a virtual platform is used on the top of default operating system.
JVM and Java API together is called Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
Name of the public class if the file contains more than one class, becomes the name of the file with “.java” extension
Primitive data types: Because java program has to run on different architecture and OS, the size of the data should remain same. Otherwise, on different machines the output will be different. Refere
Interfaces acts like alias for objects. Interface are taught later.
Unicode is an unique number that is given to every character which works on any platform, any language and any hardware. It facilitates the display of any national characers on any of the browsers. All the popular current browsers supports this unicode system