from www.drabruzzi.com/Sex%20and%20Gender1.ppt This is for an instructional design course online. The content will be for another course.

1. Commonly used
Aristotelian
Concepts:
Maternal Instinct Male Aggressiveness Machismo
Patriarchal Society Human Nature Matriarchal Society

2. Aristotelian concepts of Gender cannot explain . . .
1. Why Net-hunter Pygmy women enjoy a higher social status than
archer women.
2. Why Yanomamo women have much lower social status than
Dobe !Kung women, or why they also have a lower social status
than women in most other Amazonian societies.
3. Why Inuit (Eskimo) women have among the lowest social status
of all women in hunter-gatherer societies.
or . . .

3. . . . why the role of women and their status in both the
domestic and political economy changed dramatically
among the Plains Indians as they moved onto the Great
Plains and became increasingly dependent on mounted
bison hunting.
1. Among the Sioux, the Cheyenne and other eastern tribes,
the family structure changed from being matrilocal and
matrilineal extended kin groups to individualized
patrilocal and polygynous ones.
2. Among the western Plains Indians, such as the Blackfoot,
which had previously been organized along extended
patrilocal and patrilineal lines evolved male-focused
independent polygynous households.
or . . .

4. . . . why most of those executed for witchcraft in
Europe and North America during the Great Witch
Craze were women, whereas most of the Pueblo Indians
in the Southwest that were executed as witches by the
early Spanish Conquistadors were men.
. . . or why most witches among the Pueblo, Apache
and Navajo in the American Southwest are believed to
be men.
. . . or why among the Yoruba of Nigeria, not only
do most men suspect their wives of witchcraft, but most
women suspect their co-wives and their mothers-in-law
of witchcraft.
or . . .

5. . . . Or why . . .
1. 47% of the 95 societies she surveyed were "rape-free",
while 17% proved to be "unambiguously rape-prone.”
2. The Ashanti of West Africa and the Mbuti Pygmies of
the Ituri Forest are rape-free societies, whereas 47.2
rapes per 100,000 persons were recorded for the Gusii
of Kenya.
3. The highest rape rate among Industrial societies occurs
in the U.S. at 13.5 rapes per 100,000 inhabitants. In
contrast, the incidence of rape in Japan, a more
“patriarchal” society than the U.S., is far below that of
the U.S.
_________________________________________
SOUCE: B. L. Benderly, “Rape Free or Rape Prone” Science 82 (1982)

6. . . . why female income relative to male income in the U.S.
increased from 59¢ to 60¢ per dollar between 1960 and 1980,
whereas it increased from 60¢ to 73¢ per dollar between 1980
and 1990 (during the politically conservative Reagan and
Bush administrations), and only increased from 73¢ to 76¢
per dollar between 1992 and 2000, when Bill Clinton and Al
Gore were in office.
. . . or why average female income increased 10% from
1979 to 1990, while average male income decreased by 8%.
. . . or why White female employment increased 72%
between 1974 and 1977 at the same time that Black male
employment declined by 11%.

7. . . . or why there was a dramatic increase during the 1970s
and 1980s in the number of individuals in the U.S. claiming:
1. to have recovered memories of childhood sexual
abuse by family members
2. to have recovered memories of sexual abuse
by members of satanic cults
3. to believe that they possessed multiple personalities.
. . . or why:
1. this was a distinctly American phenomenon
2. the overwhelming majority (over 90%) of these
individuals were white middle class females.

8. . . . why M. Konner reports that 57 out of 94 studies of
aggression showed "statistically significant sex differences"
in aggressive behavior.
1. in 52 of the 57 studies that showed gender differences
in aggressive behavior,boys were more aggressive
than girls.
2. In 5 of the studies, girls were more aggressive than
boys.
3. In 37 studies there were no gender difference in
aggression.