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Chapter 13 height of medieval europe
1. Anti-Semitism
By
1100 Christians blamed Jews for
their problems
Some church leaders required Jews
to wear ID badges
Were forced from their land and had
to become peddlers and money
lenders
Many moved to Eastern Europe
4. First Crusade
Seljuks
Turks threatened Constantinople
Pope Urban II inspired knights &
peasants to rise up against Muslims in
1095
On the way to Jerusalem they also killed
many Jews
When they conquered Jerusalem in
1099, they massacred most of the
people there
5. Second Crusade
Muslims
regained some
land in 1145
The Pope wanted it back
Crusade was led by the
French king Louis VII
Quarrelling and ineffective
leadership caused it to fail
in 1149
6. Third Crusade
Muslim
leader Saladin
conquered Jerusalem in
1187
A unified force of kings, including King
Richard from England tried to regain it
Richard fought alone
Lost but gained pilgrims access to
Jerusalem
7.
8. Effects
First
Crusade gave western
Europeans a sense of power
Weakened feudalism and gained
monarchs more power
Crusaders learned much from the
Muslim and Byzantine worlds that
improved civilization and pulled them
out of the dark ages
Opened up new trade routes east
10. Economic Expansion
Advances
in agriculture increased
production
Trade exploded as towns grew
Goods
from all over the world were
once again available
Trade
made it necessary to develop a
money economy
Led
to banking, loans and a larger
decline of feudalism
11.
12. Growth of Towns
Dramatic
Increase in towns
Overcrowding,
Disease (Plague)
13. Development of the Middle
Class
Guilds
governed business
Kept
quality of work, prices and
wages at a good level
Artisans
made
& craft workers
up the new middle class
Governed towns
Funded the king
15. Education
Growth
of towns increased need for
education
Around 1150 Universities began
popping up around Europe
Greek, Roman, and Muslim writings
and science, kept safe by Muslims
and Jews, led to a cultural revival
Thomas Aquinas silenced church
officials wary of “reason”
16. Medieval Literature & Art
Troubadours
performed music about
knights and chivalry
Many women, mostly nuns, were also
well-known writers & composers
Most literature was in the vernacular
so that everyone could understand it
Geoffrey
Chaucer-”Canterbury Tales”
“Beowulf”
Churches
were in the Gothic Style