all about integrated circuits,logic gates and logic families

2. INTRODUCTION
 Miniature circuits on the surface of a small piece of
semi conductor material is called chip or an IC.
 Integrated circuit has components such as
transistor, diode, resistor.

3. IC ‘S

4. MANUFACTURING
 Two basic techniques for manufacturing Ics are
Bipolar
technique
Metal oxide
semiconductor
technique(MOS)

5. Bipolar technique
 It fabricates bipolar transistor on chip.
 Short for Metal Oxide Semiconductor, MOS is a
method of creating transistors. MOS consists of three
layers, a metal conductor, insulating silicon layer, and
a semiconductor silicon layer.

6. Digital integrated circuits
Integrated circuit is a small silicon semiconductor
crystal called chip containing the electronic
components for digital gates.

7. Scale integration
 Different categories of IC according to technology
advancement are
 Small scale integration (SSI)
 Medium scale integration (MSI)
 Large scale integration (LSI)
 Very large scale integration (VLSI)

8. SSI, MSI,LSI,VLSI,
SSI MSI LSI VLSI
SSI:
Independent
gates in single
package ,has less
than 10 gates and
it is limited
Input and
output gates are
connected
directly to the
pins in package.
MSI:have 10 to
200 gates in
single package
Performs digital
functions like
decoders,adders,
registers
LSI :it contains
between 200
and few
thousand
gates in single
package.
Include digital
systems such
as processors,
memory chips,
and
programmable
modules.
VLSI: contain
thousands of
gate in a single
package
Include large
memory arrays
and complex
microcomputer
chips.
Low cost and
small in size.

9. Logic families
 Ic technology changes from time to time. The
technology depends on following factors
 Speed
 Power dissipation
 Noise immunity
 Input/output interface compatibility
 Cost

10. Logic families
 Single output should be obtained from many inputs.
 Compatibility : connecting the output of one device
to input of other.
 Interfacing: design of interconnection between
circuits that shift the voltage levels and current levels
to make them compatible.