3. Social in Physical World
• People have relationships within and across
different social contexts: family, sports,
work, friends
• In ‘real world’ this is okay, it works the way
it does, due to a relatively small set of social
contexts and interaction opportunities
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
4. Social in Digital World
• Digital social dynamics match those in the
physical world: friends are friends in both worlds
• However, there are also significant differences:
• # of people to interact with not limited by
distance or time
• a person can ‘block’ or ‘manage’ relationships
• personae subject to different social norms
• personae can evolve over time
• personae are less (not) limited in scope
Monday, February 11, 13
5. why do we share?
friends online vs offline
world?
Monday, February 11, 13
6. Why Public Connections ...
serve as important identity signals
help people navigate the networked social world
serve to validate identity information about people
Monday, February 11, 13
7. Ludy Rohling
what is the driver for
sharing?
Social Networks
Serendipity vs. Privacy
Monday, February 11, 13
8. Multiple SN Accounts
• Users have many accounts on different social &
professional network services, e.g. personae for different
situations/contexts
• They utilize their different accounts in different ways,
depending on the digital context, e.g.:
• friendly chat on Facebook
• professional discussion on LinkedIn
• dating interactions on Hives
As a consequence there is a need to separate the systems to
manage the user's profiles, identities & permissions, as well as
their social graph (relationships) & their social media
Monday, February 11, 13
9. Problems
• Maintaining a multitude of online profiles for different
contexts is cumbersome and time consuming - not
scalable
• It is difficult for new social networks to attract new &
maintain active members simply because of the effort
involved in creating and maintaining "yet-another-profile"
and re-establishing different aspects of your profile under
yet another context
• A user cannot control how their information is viewed
by others in different contexts by different social
applications
Monday, February 11, 13
10. Architecture Needed
for managing multiple
Social Web profiles
“policy-oriented web”
architecture to support
trusted services in the
longer term
Monday, February 11, 13
11. For example ...
• In one system manage your personal information:
• home address, telephone number, & best friends
• your Friends Profile gets exposed to Hives and Twitter
• In another system manage work-related information:
• office address, office telephone number, & work colleagues
• your Work Profile gets exposed to Plaxo and LinkedIn
• Another choice could be to store your entire profile locally with a
trusted third party, and then
• your Health Profile can be exposed to health care providers
• your Citizen Profile can be exposed to government services
Monday, February 11, 13
12. Social Web User
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
13. Distributed Profile
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
14. Social Graph
https://www.google.com/settings/me
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
15. Social Groups
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
16. Frameworks
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/wiki/SocialWebFrameworks2#Social_Graph_Management_Today
Monday, February 11, 13
19. Opening the Sites
• Demand from application developers to make
use of the amounts of Social Web data & make
their applications available to the site members
• Demand from users to reuse data and
connections they have already established on
other sites, e.g. Google+ download your data,
Diaspora* download xml, download photos
• In response: Facebook provided an API &
Google OpenSocial API
Monday, February 11, 13
20. • an open, decentralized standard for authenticating
users that can be used for access control, allowing
users to log on to different services with the
same digital identity where these services trust
the authentication body
• making sure the users are who they say they are
• http://openid.net/
• Initially: 2005, called Yadis (an acronym for "Yet
another distributed identity system")
Monday, February 11, 13
21. with OpenID, the process
starts with the application
asking the user for their
identity (typically an
openid URI)
http://openidexplained.com/
Monday, February 11, 13
22. OAuth
• an open protocol to allow secure API authorization in a
standard method for web applications; it enables users to
grant third-party access to their web resources without
sharing their passwords
• largely based on: Flickr’s API Auth & Google’s AuthSub
• limitations in terms of complexity, user experience, scale
• 3 flows merged into one: web-based apps, desktop clients &
mobile/limited devices; e.g. when Facebook Connect existed -
flows for web apps, mobile devices & game consoles
• http://oauth.net/
Monday, February 11, 13
23. OAuth 2.0
• OAuth 2.0 focuses on client developer simplicity - providing specific
authorization flows for web & desktop applications, mobile phones &
living room devices
• not backwards compatible with previous versions
• 6 New Flows
• http://oauth.net/2/
the application directly
requests a limited
access OAuth Token
(valet key) to access the
APIs (enter the house)
on user's behalf. If the
user can grant that
access, the application
can retrieve the unique
identifier for establishing
the profile (identity)
using the APIs.
Monday, February 11, 13
25. Facebook Platform
• Graph API - core of Facebook Platform, to read and write data
to Facebook (simple and consistent view of the social graph)
• Open Graph - defining Actions and Objects
• Facebook Query Language (FQL) - SQL-style interface to query
the data exposed by the Graph API
• Authentication (now Facebook Login) - interact with Graph API
on behalf of Facebook users (single-sign on mechanism for
web, mobile & desktop apps)
• Social Plugins, Facebook Payments, Ads API, Chat API (via
Jabber/XMPP service), JavaScript SDK
• Depreciated: REST API, FBML, and the old Javascript API,
Facebook Connect APIs
Monday, February 11, 13
26. • open standards-based (e.g. JavaScript, HTML) component
model for cloud based social apps
• Google initiative (set of APIs) in 2007:
• People & Friends API (people and relationship information)
• Activities API (publishing & accessing user activity information)
• Persistence API (simple key-value pair data for server-free stateful
applications)
• with Open Social embedded in a site, a site instantly
becomes a social Web site (initially running only at Orkut)
• integrated, e.g. OAuth, OAuth 2.0, Activity Streams
• http://www.opensocial.org/
Monday, February 11, 13
27. OpenSocial
• Half a year after Facebook Platform, Google launched Open Social
• Popular containers (initially): MySpace, Hi5, Plaxo, LinkedIn, Orkut,
Friendster, Six Apart
• http://opensocial.org/category/showcase/ (currently)
• Plugged-in applications: iLike, Slide, Flixter, Rock You, etc.
• https://github.com/opensocial
• Apache Shinding: reference implementation of
OpenSocial Specification (Social Network APIs):
• Apache Rave: lightweight extendible platform for
using, integrating & hosting OpenSocial and W3C
Widget services (context-aware personalization,
collaboration & content integration capabilities)
Monday, February 11, 13
28. Twitter APIs
• The Twitter platform offers access to the
data of more than 200 million tweets a day,
via different APIs
• Each API represents a facet of Twitter
• These APIs are constantly evolving, and
developers have to be aware of that
• http://dev.twitter.com
Monday, February 11, 13
29. REST API
• the API for leveraging core Twitter objects
• enables developers to access the core primitives of
Twitter including timelines, status updates & user
information, etc.
• RESTful API calls to build a profile of a user: user name,
user Twitter handle, user profile avatar & the graph of
people that user is following on Twitter
• enables developers integration opportunities to interact
with Twitter: create & post tweets back to Twitter, reply to
tweets, favorite certain tweets, retweet other tweets, etc.
Monday, February 11, 13
30. Streaming API
• real-time sample of the Twitter Firehose
• for developers with data intensive needs, e.g. to build a data mining product or do
analytics research
• allows for large quantities of keywords to be specified and tracked, retrieving geo-
tagged tweets from a certain region, or have the public statuses of a user set
returned
• Public streams: public data flowing through Twitter. The primary use case is
following specific users or topics, and data mining, e.g. public statuses from all
users, filtered in various ways: by userid, keyword, geographic location
• User streams: single-user streams (all data for a single user's view of Twitter;
Requires the user's OAuth token); The primary use case is providing updates to a
Twitter client
• Site streams: multi-user version of user streams (for servers to connect to Twitter
on behalf of many users); The primary use case is website and other service
integrations
• Connecting to the streaming API requires keeping a persistent HTTP connection
open (different than the REST API)
Monday, February 11, 13
31. Search API
• Dedicated API for running searches against the real-time index
of recent Tweets; to allow a user to query for Twitter content:
• a set of tweets with specific keywords,
• tweets referencing a specific user,
• tweets from a particular user
• to access to data around Trends
• it’s limited, e.g. index of only recent tweets (6-9 days); no
authentication: all queries are made anonymously; some tweets
& users may be missing from search results (focus on
relevance)
Monday, February 11, 13
32. Twitter for Websites
• TfW: a set of products that enables websites
to easily integrate Twitter basic functions
• Tweet button
• Follow button
• Embedded Tweets
https://dev.twitter.com/docs/twitter-for-websites
Monday, February 11, 13
34. Privacy Concerns
• Legal still in its infancy, but courts do rule on new behavior
• fourth amendment to the U.S. Constitution & legal
decisions concerning privacy are not equipped to address
social network sites
• e.g., do police officers have the right to access content
posted to Facebook without a warrant?
• Truthfulness of personal profiles has become a subject of
debate
• Privacy hard to understand (few read Terms) and
misinterpret ‘Friends’
Monday, February 11, 13
35. Security
• security of people (sex offenders)
• security of computers and data
• With enormous numbers of users and
enormous amounts of data, sites are
natural targets of spammers, and phishing
and malware attacks (‘new friend
malware’, ‘twitter spam’ etc.)
Monday, February 11, 13
39. Thijs Kloosterman
SNS for improving
offline society
Reinier Kop
government
protection vs.
learning
Monday, February 11, 13
40. Bill of Rights
• Fundamental aspects to consider for users of Social Web:
• Ownership of their own personal information,
including:
• their own profile data
• the list of people they are connected to
• the activity stream of content they create
• Control of whether & how personal information is
shared with others
• Freedom to grant persistent access to their personal
information to trusted external sites
http://opensocialweb.org/2007/09/05/bill-of-rights/
Monday, February 11, 13
41. http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2012/01/online-privacy
27-01-2012
“Having figured out how to
remember nearly everything, Issues:
it is about time people • burden on companies: it is next to
relearned how to forget” impossible to rid the web completely
of a piece of information: some
digital ripples will inevitably remain
“Personal data is the new oil • where one man’s data end and
another’s begin
of the internet and the new
currency of the digital • crooks may try to invoke it to have
their name struck from unfavorable
world.” online coverage
Meglena Kuneva, European
• it is not always clear what counts as
Consumer Commissioner, 2009 reporting on the internet
Monday, February 11, 13
42. current laws not
working?
media vs. piracy
Egemen Uzunali
Monday, February 11, 13
43. Privacy:
Awareness not Paranoia
"privacy paradox" = lack of awareness
of the public nature of Internet
flexibility to handle friends with
different conceptions of privacy
ability to control data flow inside and
outside network
realize that sensitive information can
be reconstructed
Monday, February 11, 13
44. Current Public Initiatives
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA
• By media industry:
• AHRA 1992 - soft
• DMCA 1998 - surgical
• SOPA/PIPA 2011 - nuclear
• By non representatives
• ACTA - 39 countries
Monday, February 11, 13
50. are we really producers? Is it really social?
Monday, February 11, 13
51. “Carr argues that the Internet physically "rewires" our brain to where we end up acting like
computers — avaricious gobblers of information –- and our grip on what it means to be
human slackens.”
Richard Foreman, playwright
2008
2010
Monday, February 11, 13
52. Assignment 1
image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/1375254387/
Monday, February 11, 13
53. • Provide analysis of privacy issues on the (Social) Web
• three articles <--> three mind maps <--> main Social Web privacy issues
• write for people who didn’t attend the course (max 3 pages)
• Provide analysis of current privacy-related public initiatives
• legal contexts for privacy and ownership
• compare the intentions of both initiatives (advantages & disadvantages)
• your own vision on how this impacts the future of the social web
• your own advise to policy makers with regards to privacy on the web.
• links to Net Neutrality
• link to Hands-on session: what would change if SOPA/PIPA or ACTA
were active – would you still have access to the information you pulled in
for the assignments? Illustrate your answer showing what changes could
appear in the graph from exercise 4 (Hands-on session 2) and explain
why. (max 1 page)
• all visuals, e.g. screenshots, diagrams, etc. in appendix and use template
• Deadline: 22 February 23:59
Monday, February 11, 13
54. Hands-on Teaser
• Installations
• Python 2.6 or 2.7
• Python packages: json, facebook, uurllib2
• JavaScript Info Vis Toolkit (jit.zip)
• Facebook Developers app
• Experience OAuth
• Query the Facebook Open Graph
• Visualize your Facebook social network
in various ways
image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/1375254387/
Monday, February 11, 13
