Work-in-progress version of 2nd English edition

1. 2 1st Century Journalis m A Practical Guide International edition Belgrade - Bratislava - Budapest – Bucharest – Prague – Zürich *** work-in-progress version of 2nd English edition *** Last modified: 13 Apr, 2007 Edited by László Turi, 2007

2. [Impressum] 21st Century Journalism - A Practical Guide Copyright © 2007 by Ringier Kiadó Kft Szugló utca 81-85., Budapest, H-1141, Hungary Publisher: Bela Papp, Executive manager www.21stCenturyJournalism.com ISBN 978-963-7714-25-2 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise.

4. Preface „ 21st Century Journalism” was preceeded by a general study of the Eastern European online market, where we analysed the threats and opportunities in our industry. Based on this study, we invested an additional 3-month team work involving a group of online experts to summarize trends and best practices. Online journalism is a moving target, therefore the booklet will be updated according to the needs. This is not a bible, just a starting point to provide tailor-made education for editorial boards. The internet is a global phenomenon, but usage patterns are changing from culture to culture, so we emphasize country particularities in this material. In this book you will find Hungarian examples, but in digital format we already elaborated a Romanian version and also are working on other local Eastern-European versions. „ 21st Century Journalism” training is targeted to journalists open to meet the challenges of online world and devote time to in-work training. The first courses have already been successfully completed in Romania and Hungary, others are being planned. During the trainings it turned out that students require written and illustrated material for further thinking. This booklet fulfills this need, but it is not intended for self-study. Training online journalism is a mutual learning between students and teacher. Therefore this a living material building on feedbacks and interactions of the training sessions. In addition we received a lot of inspiration from consultants and experts. The authors appreciate all comments and cooperation initiatives. Budapest, 2007. Laszlo Turi & Andras Nyiro [email_address] & [email_address]

5. Credits Author and editor : Laszlo TURI, Regional project manager of Ringier e-media services. -Graduated in humanities, with 12 years of experience in multimedia development. Among other positions in new media, he worked in the mobile content development team of T-Mobile Hungary. (laszlo.turi@ringier.hu) Concept : Andras NYIRO, Regional director of E-Media at Ringier Publishing Europe. - Known as one of the most influential characters in the development of Hungarian new media culture. Founder of seminal multimedia and internet magazines, former director of mobile content services at T-Mobile Hungary. (andras.nyiro@ringier.hu) Newspaper trends : Patrick BERTSCHY, Regional project assistant of Ringier E-media. - Graduated in law, with journalist experience at German and French speaking Swiss newspapers and magazines. He also hold other positions in Swiss publishing industry. (patrick.bertschy@ringier.ch) Special thanks Petr BEDNAR, Online Director, Ringier Czech Republic and Slovakia Stephane CARPENTIER, Art Director, Ringier AG Laurentiu CIORNEI , Content manager of www.evz.ro Gábor FLÓRIÁN, layout György JUHÁSZ, Director of Online Department at Ringier Hungary. Zoltán KAPRINAY, Regional Content Manager, Ringier e-media Pál LÉDERER, Director of Online Department at Népszabadság. Ferenc PÉCSI, dotkommentar.hu Claudiu SERBAN, publisher, Ringier Romania

7. Introduction

9. NEWSPAPER TRENDS ON DEVELOPED MARKETS

10. How did technology influence media? Milestones relevant for Western Europe, especially UK. Based on Raymond Williams: Communications, London 1966 Daily Mirror’s record: 7million copies. (Queen Elizabeth’s coronation) 1953 2006 1985 1955 1937 1930 1900 1880 1866 1700 1556 Freesheet. Metro is the largest newspaper. Integrated newsrooms. More online visitors than daily print copies. Layoffs due to electronic printing. 1/3 of adults read newspapers. Desktop publishing, web 1985 ITV (Independent TV, UK) launch, end of BBC’s broadcast monopoly, ad-revenue based. Print sales starts dropping TV – regular BBC broadcast 1936 50% of adults read dailies. 50% revenue on advertising. Formulatin of publishing empires. BBC (1927) Radio – regular broadcast 1922 1/5 of adults read daily papers, 1/3 read Sunday papers. Daily Mirror - the 1st tabloid Display advertising, reduction of price/copy, growth of sale „ Reuters”. Sunday papers with popular content („tabloid style”) Transatlantic telegraph news 1866 Instead of hand printing, steam powered printing. Railway distribution. 1814 Local news appears. Earlier just European news. Content controlled via censorship, instead of publishing licences. „ Notizie scritte” - a regular, paid government publication in Venetia Gutenberg 1447 Media development Technology

11. Our business is changing France: there were 33,540 newsstands in 1995. Today, only 28,275. Spain: In Barcelona an average newsstand used to sell 600 publications in 2000. Today they sell only 300 publications. UK: I n 2006 – first time in history - the press advertising was behind the internet. India : In the past few years this man made a modest business by reselling those newspapers that air travellers left on the plane. But he has just started searching for a new business, because people do not read newspaper on the planes any longer. Sources: Innovations in Newspapers, http://www.innovationsinnewspapers.com/index.php/2007/04/01/the-crisis-of-the-newsstands-is-the-crisis-of-the-newspapers-too/ http://www.innovationsinnewspapers.com/index.php/2007/03/28/uk-online-advertising-share-overtakes-newspapers/ Photo by Zsolt Veszelovszki

13. The challenge of size Attracting younger readers is the main reason for the Guardian’s change to a „Berliner” format, with colour throughout. Young and especially female readers are put off by the unwieldiness of broadsheets, and both the Times and the Independent have seen a bounce in circulation since turning tabloid. Going all the way however, says Carolyn McCall, chief executive of Guardian Newspapers, would have meant dumbing down the front page by including fewer headlines. From: The Economist, September 10, 2005. Tabloid: 380x300 mm (halfsize of broadsheet) Broadsheet: 600x380mm Berliner or midi: 470x315 mm

14. Size and layout change: The Guardian 2004 It was redesigned to Berliner-format The Guardian used to be a broadsheet 2005 This was a response to the moves by The Times and The Independent to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. The advantage that The Guardian saw in the Berliner format was that though it is only a little wider than a tabloid, and is thus equally easy to read on public transport, its greater height gives more flexibility in page design. The new presses mean that printing can go right across the 'gutter', the strip down the middle of the centre page, allowing the paper to print striking double page pictures. The switch cost £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses. … The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6% higher than the figure for December 2004. Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian)

15. Color printing is big step towards emotional journalism

21. Magazines The origins of style Sources: Yale Center for British Art, http://www.blakearchive.org/ , Hungarian National Library, http://www.kepido.oszk.hu/ The combination of text and image and the breaking of page grid is not new. However, due to desktop publishing the it became part of everyday popular typography. 19th century printing: a page of „ Jerusalem The Emanation of The Giant Albion”, the illuminated printing by William Blake, the multi-talent poet and typographer. Manuscript illustration in the Middle Ages: first page of „Illistrated Chronicle”, an early source of Hungarian history dated to the 12th century.

23. Magazines Advertising influences magazines Madison Magazin, March 2006, p. 192 Ikea Catalogue, 2007, p. 334 Blurred borderline between commercial product placement and newspaper content. Product marketing behaves as media. Looks like… a product catalogue a magazin page

26. Diversification of the free newspaper concept „ Newspaper moguls Rupert Murdoch and Lord Rothermere are going head to head in a free newspaper fight, which media analysts believe could fatally damage the paid-for Evening Standard. […] Those who have seen a dummy of thelondonpaper have described it as colourful and more like a magazine than a newspaper, with a youthful approach.„ Source: Online Press Gazette, 17 Aug, 2006, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/170806/murdoch_rothermere_london_free_newspaper_war „ Print your own free up-to-date pdf!” - G24, Guardian’s continuosly updated free pdf edition is a reaction to freesheets from a paid daily. The A/4 layout includes ads targeted to internet users. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g24 El Crack 10 in Spain 2003 City A.M. in London 2005 CASH daily in Switzerland 2006 thelondonpaper in London 2006 morning finance sport afternoon

27. Internet content strategy of freesheets http://metro.hu Metro : full-featured newsportal with continuous news update, classified and banner ads. Internet is considered an independent revenue channel. http://citiyam.com City A.M : for the A.M. edition the website is considered a support portal only, without content. The only genuine content is a regular afternoon podcast branded as City P.M. Internet is not considered a separate revenue channel. Free newspapers’ attitude towards the primarily free medium of internet is ambigous, they are trying to find their role on the internet.

28. Internet: an opportunity to publishers Example of the German market In print: two losers Stern and Der Spiegel are two weekl y magazines competing since more than 50 years to dominate the market of news magazines. Even if Der Spiegel was able to beat Stern for the last five years, there is no clear leader on the print market. Source: German Audit Institute http:// www.ivw.de On internet: strategy makes a difference After undecided battle in the starting years, SPIEGEL ONLINE can now be define as the clear winner of the internet market. Print circulation M onthly visits

29. Internet strategies Strategies are usually mixed, clear cases are rare. Le Monde B2C revenue – bundled with subscription Popular strategy in the late ’90s promotion Limited online edition – Online is just a selected part of the print newspaper. Example Business model Content Brand enforcement and ad revenue – increase freesheet viewership B2C revenue promotional and ad-revenue ad-revenue Metro New York Times (Times Select) Bild, Sun Guardian, LA Times E-paper – Facsimile electronic edition of the print newspaper. Premium content – Some parts of the online content is paid-only. Eg. archive or exclusive content. Christmas ornament - No overall strategy for internet and print. Internet is a possibility for extra services that are hanging on the core print content as Christmas ornaments. Web first - Publishes stories first to the web, ending the primacy of the printed newspaper.

30. Internet strategies Strategies are usually mixed, clear cases are rare. Le Monde B2C revenue – bundled with subscription Popular strategy in the late ’90s, but today this is rare, eg. Magyar Narancs in Hungary (mancs.hu) promotion Limited online edition – Online is just a selected part of the print newspaper. Example Business model Content Brand enforcement and ad revenue – increase freesheet viewership B2C revenue promotional and ad-revenue ad-revenue Metro New York Times (Times Select) Bild, Sun Guardian, LA Times, E-paper – Facsimile electronic edition of the print newspaper. Premium content – Some parts of the online content is paid-only. Eg. archive or exclusive content. Christmas ornament - No overall strategy for internet and print. Internet is a possibility for extra services that are hanging on the core print content as Christmas ornaments. Web first - Publishes stories first to the web, ending the primacy of the printed newspaper.

31. YOUR READERS

32. Readers: aging and turning away from dailies Japan: Asahi Shimbun’s channels Source: Asahi Shimbun’s media kit http://asahi.com/english Radio, TV and internet users, Czech Republic Source: World Association of Newspapers http://www.wan-press.org/article568.html They are getting old… & change their media consumption The above demographic data is not available for Nemzeti Sport . Media consumption (minutes per day) Age groups 142 40 35 30 Internet 193 194 208 205 203 Television 174 178 200 210 202 Radio 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

33. How to measure trends? Key performance indicators … when online readers are considered, the story of newspaper readership for many papers transforms from one of slow and steady decline to one of vibrancy and growth. […] The audiences for newspaper websites tend to be younger than those for the printed newspaper, dispelling the common misperception that young people are not engaged by newspaper content. For example, about 37 percent of the adults who visited The Washington Post ’s website, WashingtonPost.com, in the past thirty days were ages 18-34. In comparison, about 26 percent of the paper’s weekly print audience (5 weekdays + Sunday) fell into this age group.” Source: Scarborough Research, http://www.scarborough.com/press_releases/INA%20FINAL%204.7.06%20CORRECTIONS.pdf Ad revenue Revenue share from operators Ad revenue Ad revenue, sold copies Revenues Audience poll Reach surveys research Registrations, WAP unique phone numbers Unique visitors Sold copies + subscriptions actual Number of readers TV Mobile Internet Print Sold copies x reader/copy subscriptions unique visitors unique phone numbers Total reach

34. US media audit is already based on a combined indicator of print and online reach. Source: Newspapers by the Numbers, 2006, by Newspaper Association of America

36. Your readers’ media consumption Are they your readers? If yes, what other channels of media do they consume? 1 4 7 2 3 5 6 8 9

38. Hungarian internet is reach in sport video content. Market is headed by T-Mobile HU infoSMS services. Football: 20.000 users. Sport : 16.000 users No. 1 in its market, followed by the sport section of origo.hu portal The only local sport print daily Market position Internet users with broadband access. Main competitors: Pannon and Vodafone also provide content SMS/MMS services. Where the readers are coming from? News aggregators (Hírkereső, Startlap), index.hu forum Readers: males, without diploma. Visit duration: more than 50% under 2 minutes Readers are consider Nemzeti Sport a reference daily, but editors are trying to shift towards tabloid in order to reach young readers. Readers’ internet usage is more than average Readers Daily 6000 downloads Daily 100 downloads, 93 users for SMS news Daily 62.000 unique users, 138.000 visits 80-100.000 sold copies/day. Footprint Typical content: interviews, events not covered by mainstream TV Typical content: wallpaper download, SMS news Most visited pages: title page, articles and live broadcasts Traditional brand of the country, 100 years old. Overview Online TV Mobile Internet Print

39. Nemzeti Sport: readers’ web favourites The top5 is the same for all groups, but in the case of Nemzeti Sport readers the online version of the newspaper is also followed by Origo Sport. Source: Szonda Ipsos – Gfk Hungária: Internet Audience Research 2005-2006 RTL Klub online [origo] Sport Kurzor Nemzeti Sport Online CitroMail.hu Index [origo] Google [origo] Freemail Startlap Nemzeti Sport 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Teveclub Hírkereső RTL Klub online CitroMail.hu Honfoglaló Kurzor T-Online.hu MSN Chat.hu OMSZ - Met.hu Népszabadság Online T-Online.hu MSN OMSZ - Met.hu Honfoglaló Index Index Index Google Google [origo] [origo] [origo] Google [origo] Freemail [origo] Freemail [origo] Freemail Startlap Startlap Startlap Metro Népszabadság Blikk

40. Genres and channels

42. GENRES OF JOURNALISM

43. Genres and the journalist’s role Translation of basic terms Commentaire , note Interview Récit Reportage Actualité French Kommentar Interview Story Bericht, Reportage Nachrichten, Aktualität German Comentariu, editorial Interviu P oveste Reportaj Stiri Romanian Komentář, poznámka Rozhovor Reportáž or Příběh Report, Krátká zpravodajská reportáž Zprávy, Hlavní zprávy Czech Glossza, jegyzet Interjú Riport Tudósítás Hír, cikk Hungarian Glosa, poznámka Rozhovor, interview Reportáž Riport (krátka spravodajská reportáž) Správa Slovak Reporting Commentary, note Interview Story News, news feature English journalist has a personal experience personal approach is allowed for the journalist journalist must be objective newsroom work only commentary, note, columns, opinion news, news feature story reporting interview

46. Daily challenges of electronic channels are similar. News delivery time Write your story for next morning Update Channel surfing aggregators, news stolen Maintain readers’ loyalty Competition schedule SMS: only linear design. WAP: resolution, scrolling Page size, layout Scrolling Space 6 sec/shot, 30 sec / news Inconvenient: estimated 3 min per session 1-2 hours/day 15 min / newspaper Time TV Mobile Internet Print daily

47. NEWS: STYLE, STRUCTURE

48. Exercise: What info is worth a news story? List, explain the key features that make news valuable in mass media. Give examples. Source: BBC Sport http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport , Times Online http://www.timesonline.co.uk/ !

51. Channel-specific news values & challenges Think of examples! entertaining, visual Immediate information Links, references, clear source reference, fast News elaborated with additional information and sources. Values No way to re-read Inconvenient No word-by-word reading, just scrolling We start reading with images Usability Short shots, stories channel surfing Must be very fast, bandwith Aggregators, short sessions Deadline, page size Challenges Print daily Internet Mobile TV ?

53. News structure on internet and mobile Title – It must be understandable without sub headings and images, because on the internet popular automatic news collecting services are copying only titles. Lead – Basic facts. Sometimes used as title page teaser. Max. one paragraph, used to sell the story. Development – Lead information should be resumed and detailed here. Short sentences, one paragraph contains only one idea. Sub headings must also be informative. Context – help s the reader to better understand the meaning of the provided information . Links – Must be inherent part of the article. The text of the links must be meaningful. SMS From: +36301234567 ------------------------------------------------- SPORT Facts. More facts and details. 150 chars, including promotion. SMS-like abbreviations.//brand Max. 1500-2000 chars Internet, WAP Inverted pyramid Lead Development Context

54. Display your readers’ selection Air force demotes Playboy poser The information world is led by tabloid topics. Even on the notorious ly serious BBC, the most popular pages are talking rather about emotion and popular stories than seriousness and politics. BBC: editor's version Actor denies child sex offences Viewers complain over Brits jokes BBC: reader's version 1 2 3 Most popular stories, 15th February 2007 Readers have full control over the selection of content.

56. Crisis of news confidence A 2005 poll by the Pew Research Center reported that the percentage of Americans saying they can believe most of what they read in their daily newspaper dropped from 84 percent in 1985 to 54 percent in 2004. For televised news, whether broadcast or cable, the results are unfortunately similar. What is the cause of this apparent skepticism? Why has our trust in the news eroded while our cynicism about it seems to grow? One answer I’d suggest is that the explosion of information itself has overwhelmed us. […] …news, information comes to us from a staggering multiplicity of sources. Today, in the United States, there are about 1,700 daily and 6,800 weekly newspapers; more than 1,600 broadcast television stations; and nearly 8,500 cable systems. There are also some 13,000 radio stations, along with the newest development in radio technology, satellite radio services. Most of these media outlets, in some way or another, provide news as part of their daily fare; some of them are based on a 24-hour-a-day news model, often with other programming (often entertainment oriented) bracketing the newscasts. And that doesn’t even begin to count the web-based versions of all these media, along with the independent Internet … Source: Journalism’s crisis of confidence, A Report of Carnegie Corporation of New York, http://www.carnegie.org/pdf/journalism_crisis/journ_crisis_full.pdf . http://directory.google.com/Top/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/News_and_Media/Newspapers /

57. „… credibility is important for Web users, since it is unclear who is behind information on the Web and whether a page can be trusted. Credibility can be increased by high-quality graphics, good writing, and use of outbound hypertext links. Links to other sites show that the authors have done their homework and are not afraid to let readers visit other sites. „ - Jakob Nielsen Source: How users read on the web http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9710a.html Readers do not trust a single source, therefore expect links to related stories and other background information. The possibility of comparing mainstream sources reinforces the credibility of news on the web. Newsreaders on the internet welcome mainstream journalism and expert openion, but same time wish to express their own view of the story

58. REPORTING, STORY JOURNALISM

61. Guidelines for working with images >Visual supplements of the story 1. Make the story visual: besides photos try to include framed boxes, facsimiles, charts, logos and similar visual elements. 2. Mind the focus of your story. Do not burden it with irrelevant additions. If you insist on publishing some additional info, put them into a framed box. 3. Framed text is a good way to reinforce the story by listing further facts and data or comparing them. This helps the reader and makes the story more concrete. Also a useful tool to break the monotony of longer text-only pages. >Photo and the story Do your best to present the story also in photo, eg. in case of mass events the photos should show many people. Photos should suit to the general approach of the story. Eg. victims, murders, etc. should not smile on the photo. Journalist should closely cooperate with the photographer so that the photos can really support the text and add supplementary info. The title character of the story should appear on the main photo. The leading photo must be closely related to the event or location mentioned in the title. >Photo on the page Each page must contain at least one impage. If more than one photo is used on a page, their tone and content must be different: e.g. photo of men should be accompanied with that of women, portrait should go with full-size image, sad image with a happy one, etc. Caption should be closely related to the story, but still it must provide new and important details. If possible, the caption must include the name of persons represented, but a simple list of names is not enough.

63. Exercise: Create news story in 3 versions In 1972 the Watergate story was published in the print daily Washington Post. The story was written on typewriter and published only in print. Use the original article and create versions for web, WAP and SMS. Consider changing the structure, length, adding links, etc. GOP Security Aide Among 5 Arrested in Bugging Affair By Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Washington Post Staff Writers June 19, 1972 One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon’s reelection committee. The suspect, former CIA employee James W. McCord Jr., 53, also holds a separate contract to provide security services to the Republican National Committee, GOP national chairman Bob Dole said yesterday… Read the original article here: Washintgon Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/watergat.htm. Source: University of Texas, http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/online/woodstein / Famous print article from the past

72. INTERVIEW

76. COMMENTARY

78. Journalist blog – the example of Compact (RO) Name and picture of the blogger, Horia, editor in chief of Compact, RO. Editors of Compact, with their own blogs. Short, personal commentary pointing out to a debated issue. Display the blog in a good position in your menu. Readers can comment the article of Horia. You can read the full debate about the topic. If Horia feels it necessary, he answers readers’ comments. http://compact.info.ro

80. Blog content vs. newspaper content Newspaper sites Blog sites „ 66% of people maintaining blogs don't label their acts as journalism. The other 34% considered their blogging as journalism because they engage in journalistic functions like fact-checking and linking to sources…” Source: Pew Internet Project http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/186/report_display.asp ) News, factual report Commentary, diary report Newspaper sites are dominated by news and factual reports, even though they include some commentary as well. Whereas blogs are mostly used for personal self-expression, even if not exclusively. See more on blogs and news on page X

84. Use your competences in new media

86. News on the internet: hints and tricks

88. News aggregators They give an overview of the current news market and same time generates traffic to your site. Google News: Relies on the collective judgment of online news organizations to determine which stories are most deserving of inclusion and prominence on the News homepage. Personalized alert: e-mail, RSS http://hirlista.hu http://news.google.com Hungarian examples: www.hirlista.hu, www.hirkereso.hu, www.hirstart.hu

89. Citizen reporting How does a Blog differ from mainstream news? Blogs are not held to the same standards as traditional news outlets. Blogs are typically referred to as “grassroots”, or “citizen journalism”, but should be taken with a grain of salt. You have to consider the source, so don’t believe everything you read. That being said, blogs can often do a better job at reporting what’s happening than traditional sources. A good example of that was Interdictor’s Live Journal blog ( http://mgno.com/) . There was more accurate coverage during hurricane Katrina ( http://interdictor.livejournal.com/98501.html) than on any of the major three news networks. So for every example of someone complaining about the lack of quality found in weblogs, there are plenty of examples of people doing really good work as well. If you’re looking for “hard news”, then you’ll want to search CNN over Google. Source: Simply Digital http://www.simplydigital.info/episode-5-weblogs/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5181396.stm Best practice: A journalist generating a blog as a desktop research: the „School Security” story http://www.buzzmachine.com/index.php/2006/10/03/school-security-networked-reporting/

90. Measuring news update With RSS newsfeeds not only sources, but competitors and your own channels should also be followed. Each major sports newssource has a news feed. You can find it usually under the name „RSS”. Feedreader is one of the several freely downloadable software, that can be used to aggregate news from different sources. 2. 4 hours later the first Hungarian source, Index.hu displayed this story. 3. In this case Nemzeti Sport published the story with more than 6 hours delay. This can be either a result of unawareness or conscious editorial policy, determining other focuses. 1. Original news appears on autosport.com Download Feedreader here: http://www.feedreader.com/download

91. Google for journalists http://video.google.com/ http://translate.google.com „ And now, for just a moment, I would like you to imagine what today’s life would be without all that. What life would be without Google... and how much more time we’d be spending on solving our problems.” Source: Philipp Lensen, 55 Ways to Have Fun With Google http://www.55fun.com/book.pdf . http ://video.google.com/ - search by keywords Video search http://www.google.com/language_tools - language specific search Language http://images.google.com/ - search by keywords Image search http://blogsearch.google.com Blog search How? Function

92. http://maps.google.com http://www.google.com/ And now, for just a moment, I would like you to imagine what today’s life would be without all that. What life would be without Google... and how much more time we’d be spending on solving our problems. link: yoursite.com - A list of sites that link to your site. If they are credible, the site may also be credible - although that is hardly a guarantee Web reference define: word - Gives dictionary defintions for (English) words. Definition teaspoons in 1 litre - Eg. 202 teaspoons in a litre. This works even with very old, obscure or scientific units. Unit exchange 10 USD in HUF Currency exchange How? Function

93. More about Google 30 additional Google search tricks More Google services What are they working on actually at Google?

94. STORY MANAGEMENT, MEDIA INTEGRATION

95. The story management concept We have only daily one contact with our readers in our print newspapers. The channel extension modif ies our services, customers can meet with our content more times during the day. News Cycle: Amount of information Time Event Entry All available information about the event is reported. sms | web | teletext | print | book | cd-rom | dvd Development The event is explained, first backgrounds and relations with other topics researched and presented sms | web | teletext | print | book | cd-rom | dvd Follow-up Follow-up news about the event is generated, other relations to other topics presented, open question answered. sms | web | teletext | print | book | cd-rom | dvd Conclusion Review of the event, the consequences and the entire report published. sms | web | teletext | print | book | cd-rom | dvd

98. A sample news story The event: passenger plane hijacked from Mauritania - Febr 15, 2007 21:03 Reuters published breaking news, only two sentences (reuters.com) 21:20 Breaking news on cnnmobile.com WAP site. Source: Reuters 21:40 Breaking news published on cnn.com, still based on Reuters. 21:48 SMS alert is sent to subscribers. RSS and desktop alerts based on the headline text. 1:51 (next morning) CNN’s own story published in „international news” section 16:22 All details of the hijacking, based on AP An Air Mauritania flight landed in the Canary Islands after it was hijacked Thursday by a man who was subdued by passengers.

99. 21:03 – Reuters wire story Air Mauritania hijack ends, suspect arrested - radio LAS PALMAS, Spain (Reuters) - The hijacking of an Air Mauritania plane ended in the Spanish Canary Islands on Thursday, a Spanish government official told RNE national radio. A single suspect was arrested, Spanish media said. Emergency services earlier said several people had been wounded by gunfire. No further details were immediately available. "Fortunately the hijacking incident has ended favourably," Jose Segura, a government representative in the Canary Islands, told RNE. He added that 71 passengers and 8 crew were on the plane.

100. 21:20 – CNN breaking news on wap Hijacked jet lands on Spain islands An Air Mauritania Boing 737 passanger plane hijacked on an internal flight has flown to the Spanish Canary Islands after stopping for fuel in the Western Sahara, Mauritanian official said. "It has gone to the Canaries," a source closed to the presidency told Reuters. The head of the Mauritanian state news agency said the plane had already touched down. Earlier, a police officer at Nouakchott airport told Reuters the plane had been hijacked on a flight to the northern port town of Nouadhibou and had flown instead to Dakhla in Western Sahara to take on fuel. "There was at least one armed person on board. We don't know his identity," the state news agency chief, Moussa Hamed, said."

101. 21:40 – CNN top story on web Hijacking ends on Spanish island Story highlights * Passenger plane hijacked from Mauritania in WestAfrica * Plane lands at airport in Canary Islands, territory of Spain * One person arrested, government reports * Earlier reports say gunfire occurs LAS PALMAS, Spain (Reuters) -- The hijacking of an Air Mauritania plane Thursday ended in the Canary Islands, a Spanish government official told RNE national radio. An Air Mauritania Boeing 737 passenger plane with 71 passengers and eight crew members aboard was hijacked after take off from the airport in Nouakchott, Mauritania’s capital, Mauritanian officials said. A single suspect was arrested, Spanish media said. Emergency services earlier said several people had been wounded by gunfire. No further details were immediately available. "Fortunately the hijacking incident has ended favorably," Jose Segura, a government representative in the Canary Islands, told RNE. Earlier, a police officer at Nouakchott airport said the plane had been hijacked on a flight to the northern Mauritania port town of Nouadhibou and had flown instead to Dakhla in Western Sahara to take on fuel. The Canary Islands, off the northwest coast of Africa, are a territory of Spain.

102. 21:48 – SMS breaking news alert Find the the teaser page of mobile services on cnn.com. A lot of newspaper site offer similar SMS alert services. CNN asks for your personal and payment details. Credit card payment is done via secure connection. Select channels. You will be charged with a monthly flat fee per each alert channel that you subscribe to. 8 minutes later CNN alerts journalists via SMS service. Learn how to use such a service. CNN’s SMS alerts are strongly recommended for journalists covering international news. Be careful: too many SMS alerts may disturb your work. 21:48 - From: CNN CNN Alert Hijackers seize passenger jet in Mauritania and land on Spain's Canary Islands, police and meda say according to wire reports. The service is indepent of your mobile operator, you pay directly to the content provider and your operator does not charge you. After subscribing you receive the first SMS when the next breaking news event happens.

103. 1:51 (next morning) – CNN’s story Passengers subdue armed hijacker Story highlights • NEW: Air Mauritania flight landed safely in Canary Islands • Canaries official: Plane had 71 passengers and 8 crew • Hijacker arrested; his identity not yet released LAS PALMAS, Spain (CNN) -- A man armed with two pistols hijacked an Air Mauritania flight Thursday but was subdued by two passengers, a Spanish official said. The plane landed safely in the Canary Islands and no one was hurt, the official said. The senior Spanish government source said a man had been trying to commandeer the Boeing 737 to Paris. He was arrested by the civil guard after the jet landed at Gando Airport, the source told CNN. Jose Segura, the central government's chief representative in the Canaries, told Ser, a Spanish radio station, that the plane was carrying 71 passengers and eight crew members. Reports differed on the hijacker's nationality, with one senior Spanish government source saying he is Moroccan and Segura describing him as Mauritanian. Abass Bass, a representative of the Mauritanian Embassy in Washington, described the incident as a "tentative hijacking." "The information we had from Mauritania is that the passengers fought back and they took the hijacker and now everything is OK," Bass told CNN. Bass said the flight had been scheduled to be an interior one, from the capital city of Nouakchott to Nouadhibou, in northern Mauritania, near Morocco.

104. 16:22 – Detailed story on CNN, using AP’s report Fast-thinking pilot foiled hijack Story Highlights • NEW: Air Mauritania flight landed safely in Canary Islands • Canaries official: Plane had 71 passengers and 8 crew • Hijacker arrested; his identity not yet released TENERIFE, Spain (AP) -- A fast-thinking pilot, with the help of passengers, fooled a gunman who had hijacked a jetliner flying from Africa to the Canary Islands, braking hard upon landing then quickly accelerating to knock the man down so travelers could pounce on him, Spanish officials said Friday. A lone gunman brandishing two pistols hijacked the Air Mauritania Boeing 737, carrying 71 passengers and a crew of eight, Thursday evening shortly after it took off from the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott for Gran Canaria, one of Spain's Canary Islands, with a planned stopover in Nouadhibou in northern Mauritania. He wanted to divert the plane to France so he could request political asylum, said Mohamed Ould Mohamed Cheikh, Mauritania's top police official. The hijacker has been identified as Mohamed Abderraman, a 32-year-old Mauritanian, said an official with the Spanish Interior Ministry office on Tenerife, another of the islands in the Atlantic archipelago. He spoke under rules barring publication of his name. Mauritania has said the hijacker was a Moroccan from the Western Sahara. The hijacker ordered the pilot to fly to France, but the crew told him there was not enough fuel. Morocco denied a request for the plane to land in the city of Djala in the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara, so the pilot headed for Las Palmas in Gran Canaria, the original destination. Speaking to the gunman during the hijacking, the pilot realized the man did not speak French. So he used the plane's public address system to warn the passengers in French of the ploy he was going to try: brake hard upon landing, then speed up abruptly. The idea was to catch the hijacker off balance, and have crew members and men sitting in the front rows of the plane jump on him, the Spanish official said. The pilot also warned women and children to move to the back of the plane in preparation for the subterfuge, the official said. It worked. The man was standing in the middle aisle when the pilot carried out his maneuver, and he fell to the floor, dropping one of his two 7mm pistols. Flight attendants then threw boiling water from a coffee machine in his face and at his chest, and some 10 people jumped on the man and beat him, the Spanish official said. Around 20 people were slightly injured when the plane braked suddenly, the official said. Spanish officials -- and some passengers -- had initially been concerned that the hijacking was terrorism-related; it came on the day a trial began of 29 people accused of the 2004 Madrid train bombings. "We were afraid. We thought it was people from al-Qaida or the Algerian GSPC who were going to cut our throats," said Aicha Mint Sidi, a 45-year-old woman who was on the plane. The GSPC is a Muslim extremist group. "I trembled during and after the hijacking. I thought the plane was going to blow up any minute, either in mid-air or on landing," said another passenger, Dahi Ould Ali, 52. Both spoke after returning to Nouakchott. The hijacker was arrested by Spanish police who boarded the plane after it landed at Gando airport, outside Las Palmas. Air Mauritania identified the heroic pilot as Ahmedou Mohamed Lemine, a 20-year-veteran of the company.

107. CONVERGENCE IN PRACTICE

108. The convergence progression Only print and online integration, training is limited to a few journalists and ad sales representatives, management does not completely backs the strategy Low level integration Half way integration Widespread integration Convergence nirvana More sophisticated application of multimedia and online interactivity. Other media added to the media mix (e . g. TV, radio). Frequently, management holds back any further large scale applications of convergence Cross-media journalism projects and advertising sales campaigns. Staffs are cross-trained. True engagement by management and the lower ranks. All journalists and ad sales persons are cross-trained. Multimedia integration strategy at every level of the company Source: A Guide to Practical Convergence by Martha L. Stone, INMA, 2006

109. Examples in Europe Guardian, The Times Guardian: "web-first" principle for foreign and business news only currently. Times: "web-first" principle for foreign news only and plans to extend this to all articles in a few years . Widespread integration Convergence nirvana Financial Times Total consolidation of print and online news desks, all journalists are required to work 3 early morning shifts per month. Telegraph Fully integrated newsroom, with print and online journalists working together, and seven-day production. Editorial heads are to take responsibility for all output. Delays the publication of print articles on its website until later in the day in a bid to encourage more internet users to buy the newspaper . Edipresse In all of the publications the newsroom was transformed into a multimedia platform, where all journalists write for several media: print, web, television, radio, and mobile. Newsrooms are reorganized according to covered subjects - in contrast to services - with a central desk. Low level integration Half way integration

110. Examples in the USA Washington Post No integrated newsroom, just dedicated online editor. Shortened story length, enhanced visual journalism in print. New York Times Continuous News Desk (CND) with 14 full-time editor-reporter. When something big happens, a one-line alert is published immediately. They start with a wire story on the web and replace it with their own copy later. The Web and print newsrooms are separate, but some of the Web journalists are sitting in the print newsroom. Lawrence Journals Groups of journalists are organized into multimedia teams to cover sports, news, etc. Each team has cross-trained journalists with capabilities to tell stories in video, audio and text. Gannett Information Center A platform agnostic 24-hour news aggregator and distributor, which channels all bits of news to the appropriate platform, with focus on the reader and local coverage . Widespread integration Convergence nirvana Low level integration Half way integration

112. Convergency at The Telegraph Central news hub: the news meetings are open and anyone can come and hover and listen. The multimedia newsroom Projected on to the wall: their web site, other web sites and shows and a real-time list of their own top stories and also those of the competitors. Reporters and production staff from all departments will be located on the single editorial floor and will work together producing the Telegraph's website, the daily and Sunday editions of the newspaper and a range of other digital publishing products, including audio and video interviews and regular newscasts and alerts available 24-hours a day. Sources: PressGazette Online, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/020407/telegraph_newsroom_multimedia_budget_day Telegraph Media Group Ltd, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2006/09/05/cnhub05.xml The BuzzMachine, http://www.buzzmachine.com/2007/03/12/in-the-telegraph-newsroom/ Editorial departments span out like spokes from the wheel of the central news hub. Editors of various stripes in the first circle, reporters in the next. The Telegraph’s moving to its new newsroom at the end of 2006 was in fact a deep crisis for the editorial staff. After 10% lay-off, the journalists voted for a strike. After two months negotiations the strike was cancelled.

113. Case study: the „Budget Day” * story on various channels 1 month earlier Preparations 12.30pm The Chancellor starts his speech early afternoon Podcast: interview with an expert. 4pm Newspaper articles on predictions 1 week earlier Microsite with live news reports, Your Views comment section and interactive budget calculators. A lot of the content from the next day's newspaper is already going live, but it will be will be fine-tuned and extended for the print edition. First editorial blog at 20pm. Video: reporter and cameraman are interviewing taxi drivers. during the afternoon „ Budget Day”: 21 March, 2007. On this day the Chancellor of the UK announced proposed tax measures. Mobile-optimized e-mail news alert facts analysis reactions 10,000 E-mail news alert subscribers 466,000 Web, total unique users 896,476 Print (daily average) The Daily Telegraph averages

114. Case study (cont.) Telegraph PM, an A4 free pdf edition, generated by repackaging and renosing stories which have already been published on the web, with the online version including click-throughs to live audio and video content. around 4pm next morning next evening 5.30pm The Business Show – daily video podcast: expert interviews, charts. Video: political satire by Rory Bremner, British comedian. 16-page broadsheet supplement and five pages of news in the main paper. Source: Press Gazette Online, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/020407/telegraph_newsroom_multimedia_budget_day 50,000 Audio/video plays 309,202 Web, unique users of special 45,000 Print (increase) Budget Day extra results

115. Example: workflow at Nemzeti Sport Print Decision Web SMS Control News Publish Print Control Web News News Publish Old, print focused workflow New, multimedia workflow