2D Essentials Class 1 Presentation

1. Instructor: Laura Gerold, PE
Catalog #10614113
Class # 22784, 24113, 24136, & 24138
Class Start: January 18, 2012 Class End: May 16, 2012

2. Laura A. Gerold, PE
What is a PE?

3. Laura A. Gerold, PE
 What is a PE (Professional Engineer)?
 To become licensed, engineers must
complete a four-year college degree,
work under a Professional Engineer for
at least four years, pass two intensive
competency exams and earn a license
from their state's licensure board. Then,
to retain their licenses, PEs must
continually maintain and improve their
skills throughout their careers (NSPE).

4. Laura A. Gerold, PE
What is a PE?
 Only a licensed engineer may prepare,
sign and seal, and submit engineering
plans and drawings to a public authority
for approval, or seal engineering work for
public and private clients (NSPE).

5. What does Laura actually do?
 I am a water resources engineer at Tetra Tech.
 What is a water resources engineer?

6. What does Laura actually do?
 I am a water resources engineer at Tetra Tech.
 What is a water resources engineer?
 Concerned with the use and control of water.
 I work on projects mostly to do with rivers and pipes,
such as river restoration, storm and sanitary sewer
design, etc.
 Example Projects
 Rexnord Floodwall in Milwaukee
 KK River Restoration
 Underwood Creek

7. Who Are You?
 Introduce yourself!

8. Instructor: Laura A. Gerold, PE
Telephone: 920-498-5444 x7682 (NWTC
voicemail)
Email: laura.gerold@nwtc.edu *Preferred
Method of Communication
Office Hours: Wednesday 4:30-5:30 in Green Bay
Campus Room SC222 and by appointment

9. Technical Drawing
by F.E. Giesecke, et. al.
14th Edition

10. Supplies
 1 Pad of Graph Paper (1/4” Squares)
 1 Pad of Engineering Graph Paper
 Automatic Drawing Pencils (0.3, 0.5, 0.7)
 Architectural Scale
 Engineering Scale
 Small Circle Template
 Protractor
 Large Bow Compass
 Eraser
 Please have all supplies for the next class period!

11. Other Handy Drawing Tools
 Mechanical Engineering Scale
 Metric Scale
 Eraser Guard
 Special Shape template
 Triangle
 Travel size scale & ruler
 Circular Protractor
 French Curves
 Letter template
 Lettering guide
 Electric Planimeter
 Electric Scale
 Roller Ruler

12. Tutors
 Tutors are available upon request (their services are
free to students) – refer to
http://www.nwtc.edu/services/advising-
counseling/Pages/TutoringServices.aspx for an online
request form and additional information.
 If you wish to be a tutor, please let me know and I will
recommend you.

13. Notetaker Needed!
 Can you take competent notes?
 Notetakers are paid $40.00 per class credit. ($80.00 for
this 2 Credit Class)
 If you are interested in being a notetaker for this class,
please see me after class.

14. COURSE COMPETENCIES
 Describe Four Fundamental Stages of the Design Process
 Create Freehand Sketches of Simple Objects
 Letter Sketches per Lettering Standards
 Identify Points, Lines, and Planes as they appear in
Technical Sketches
 Describe Solids
 Describe the Elements of Planar Shapes
 Create Orthographic Sketches of Simple Objects
 Create Isometric Sketches of Simple Objects
 Create Sketches of Simple Section Views
 Create Sketches of Simple Auxiliary Views
 Create Dimensioned Sketches of Simple Objects

15. Cheating
 Plagiarism, cheating and collusion are prohibited
 Both the student who copies and the student who
allows work to be copied are equally guilty and will be
treated equally
 Students found cheating or plagiarizing in this class
receives a zero grade on the assignment or exam
 Second offenders will earn an F for their final course
grade

16. Attendance
 Attendance will be mandatory unless excused by pre-
arrangement
 Assignments and due dates will be given in class
 If you miss a class, you are responsible for acquiring
notes and other important information from another
student in the class

17. Class Participation
 This course is an active learning exercise in technical
sketching and therefore will require participation on the
part of the student
 Active participation in class includes note taking,
questioning, discussion, and lab activities
 Students will receive points on their sketches during class
for lab activities
 Sketches will need to be turned in at the end of each class
for points. Points will be given as either 10 for participation
or o for non-participation.
 Remote students will need to use their projectors to show
me their sketches during the class break or before class
ends.

18. Electronic Devices
 Phones, iPods, and similar electronic devices use
during class is prohibited
 Please turn them off before class begins
 Texting is not allowed during class time
 Texting or use of electronic devices during class will
result in a zero for class participation points for the day
 The calculator on a cell phone or PDA cannot be used
on an exam

19. Other Policies
 Prepare for each class be completing the reading and
homework assignments prior to class
 Students in remote areas, please check Blackboard for
handouts needed prior to class.
 Act and behave in a manner acceptable to the
professional environment
 Each student must do his or her own assignment
unless directed to work in pairs or groups

20. Disability Act
 NWTC complies with all provisions of the Americans
with Disabilities Act and makes reasonable
accommodations upon request
 Please contact the Special Needs Office in room SC230
or call 920-498-5444 (920-498-6901 for TTY) for more
information regarding the support services available to
you

21. Class Cancellation
 Class cancellations will be posted as early as possible
at:
http://www.nwtc.edu/Lists/CancelClasses/WebView.a
spx

22. Instructor Responsibilities
 You can expect a reply to communication, be it via e-
mail, through online discussions, voicemail or in
person, within 1 - 2 business days
 Class notes will be posted on Blackboard at least 24
hours before class
 Items for the remote students to print and bring to
class will also be posted on Blackboard the Monday
before class

23. Grading Policy
 Homework
 Homework will be assigned at the end of each class period
and will be due at the start of the next class period.
 Remote sites will need to fax their homework to me.
 Questions on the homework will be answered at the
beginning of class
 Graded homework will be handed back the following class
period (Will be emailed to students at remote sites)
 Lab Activities
 Students will receive points on whether they complete
sketches during class

24. Grading Policy
 Late Homework
 Homework will be accepted the following class period (1
week late) with a 5 point deduction
 Late homework will not be accepted after that time
period
 If a student has a documented reason (written medical
excuse, etc.) for why they missed class or were otherwise
unable to turn the homework in on time, it will be up to
the instructor’s discretion to waive the percent
deduction

25. Grading Policy
 Exams
 Two exams – March 7 & May 16
 Review the class period before exam
 A student may take an exam at an alternative time if the
student submits a written or email request to the
instructor prior to the exam date and the instructor
agrees to a change in the test date
 If there is an emergency, a doctor’s note is required
 If emergency, must schedule make-up exam as soon as
return to campus and schedule exam within one week.
Otherwise will receive a grade of zero for exam.

26. Class Project
 A Class Project will be due on May 9th
 More details for the project will be given out the next
class period

27. Grading Policy
Assignments and Assessments Point Per # of Activities Total Points Possible
Activity
Homework 10 14 140
Class Participation 10 14 140
Exams 140 2 280
Project 140 1 140
Total Points Possible 700

28. Grading Scale
Grade Percent Total Points Earned Grade
90-100 % 630-700 A
80-89 % 560-629 B
70-79 % 490-559 C
60-69 % 420-489 D
0-59 % Below 420 F

29. Course Calendar
Date Topic/Competency
1/18/12 Introduction, Fundamentals of Design Process (Chapter 1), Start Freehand
Sketches of Simple Objects (Chapter 2)
1/25/12 Scales, Letter Sketches (Chapter 2), Discuss Project
2/1/12 Solids , Lines, Basic Shapes (3.1-.5), Planar Shapes (4)
2/8/12 Planar Shapes (4)
2/15/12 Orthographic Sketches (5)
2/22/12 Orthographic Sketches (5), Project Proposal Due
2/29/12 2D Drawing Representation (6), Review for Exam 1
3/7/12 Exam 1
3/14/12 Spring Break – No Class
3/21/12 2D Drawing Representation (6), Isometric Sketches (3)
3/28/12 Isometric Sketches (3)
4/4/12 Section Views (7), Project ―50 %‖ Plans Due
4/11/12 Section Views (7)
4/18/12 Auxiliary Views (8)
4/25/12 Auxiliary Views (8), Dimensioning (10)
5/2/12 Dimensioning (10)
5/9/12 Project Due, Review for Exam 2
5/16/12 Exam 2

30. Syllabus Questions
 E-mail the answers to the questions at the end of the
syllabus to me
 Grades will not be posted on Blackboard until I receive
the answers

31. The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design
(Chapter 1)

32. Technical Drawing
 Used to communicate ideas
 Universal Language
 Takes teamwork to put together a set of drawings
 Technical Drawing are drawn by
 Engineers
 Architects
 Drafters
 Designers
 Manufacturers
 Technicians

33. TECHNICAL DRAWING
Technical drawings serve one of three purposes:
• Visualization
• Communication
• Documentation
(Courtesy of Seymourpowell.)
(Courtesy of Woods Power-Grip Co., Inc.)
(Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

34. Technical Drawing
 Example Professions that use technical drawings
 Civil Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Architecture
 Bio-resource Engineering
 Landscape Design
 Industrial Design
 Construction Engineering & Technology
 Patternmaking
 Project Management
 Fabrication
 Manufacturing

36. Why draw by hand?
 Small Projects
 Back and forth exchange of ideas (Concept Drawings)
 Engineer
 Client
 Engineer Mark-up
 Final
 Refining
 Consensus Building
 Better understanding of how to draw

37. Artistic vs. Technical Drawings
 Artistic drawings are used to express aesthetic,
philosophic, or other abstract ideas.
 Technical drawings are functional drawings to
represent the design of objects to be built or
constructed

38. Computer-Aided Design
and Product Development
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CAD allows for a range of activities, from
modeling 2D and 3D geometry to creating
drawings that document the design for
manufacturing and legal considerations.
CAE allows users to simulate and analyze
structures that will be subject to various temperatures, static
loads, or fluctuating loads.
CAM provides computerized control for manufacturing processes.

39. Drawing Example
 Blocks!

40. Design Process
1. Problem identification: First, a clear statement of
the need for and objectives for the design must
be written.
2. Ideation (Concepts and Ideas): Technical
sketches are often used to convey concepts to
multidisciplinary teams.
3. Refinement/analysis (Comprise Solutions):
Designs may be rethought, based on
engineering analysis. CAD models and sketches
are useful during the analysis and compromise
stage. Accurate 2D or 3D CAD models and
drawings are created to refine the design.
4. Implementation/documentation (Creation of
Models & Prototypes): Production and/or working
drawings providing the details of manufacture
and assembly are finalized and approved.

41. ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE 1
Identify the Customer and the Problem
The engineering design process begins
with recognizing or identifying these
needs and considering the economic
feasibility of fulfilling them.
A successful design must not only solve
the problem but also meet the needs and
wishes of the customer.
(Project developed and created by Philips Design.)

42. ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE 2
Generate Concepts
During this stage, often called the ideation stage, many ideas—reasonable
and otherwise—are collected.
The ability to freely create
technical sketches lets you
present and share ideas and
record them so you can refer
to solutions, inspirations, and
breakthroughs that come to
light during this creative stage
of the process.
(Courtesy of Seymourpowell.)

43. ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE 3
Compromise Solutions
The design team
selects various features
of the concepts
generated in the
ideation stage and
combines them into one
or more promising
compromise solutions.
2D CAD Drawing. (Courtesy of Seymourpowell.)
Many of these problems are solved graphically, using schematic drawings in which
various parts are shown in skeleton form. For example, pulleys and gears are
represented by circles, an arm by a single line, and a path of motion by centerlines

44. ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE 4
Models and Prototypes
Design teams often
construct a model to
scale to study, analyze,
and refine a design.
3D CAD Model. This 3D CAD model of a design for the Mars rover was constructed
to act as a virtual prototype for the design. (Courtesy of Byron Johns.)
3D CAD Model of the SAAR Brake. (Courtesy
of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

45. ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE 5
Production or Working Drawings
The drawings, showing the
necessary views, include
the material, dimensions,
required tolerances, notes,
and other information
needed to describe each
part sufficiently for it to be
manufactured consistently.
These drawings of the
individual parts are also
known as detail drawings.
Detail Drawing for the SAAR Brake Air Can Mounting Bracket.
(Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

46. Design Process Activity
 The design process helps engineers, technicians, and other
problem-solvers come up with creative solutions. You are
an engineer. Choose ONE engineering problem below, and
follow apply the design process steps to invent a
solution.
 A. Your new pet kitten is trapped in a ten foot deep hole. You
need a contraption to safely rescue your poor animal.
 B. You are going on vacation for a month and can’t find
anyone to water your plants while you’re gone. You need a
device that will give your plants the right amount of water –
not too much and not too little.
 C. You like to read before you go to sleep, but you don’t have a
bedside lamp. You need a way to turn off the light switch
across the room without having to get out of bed.

47. Evaluation and Extension:
 1. What problem did you choose? Brainstorm ways to
solve the problem and list several possible solutions.
 2. Choose one idea. Draw a detailed picture of the
solution you chose. Label the drawing to explain what
each part is made out of, how the parts fit together,
and how it will work.
 3. Where do you think you will run into problems with
your solution? Where do you think the weak parts in
your creation will be?

48. Concurrent Engineering
Traditionally, design and manufacturing activities have taken place in sequential
order rather than concurrently (simultaneously). This step-by-step approach
seems logical, but in practice it has been found to be wasteful.
Concurrent engineering
is a systematic approach that integrates
the design and manufacture of products
with the goal of optimizing all elements
involved in the life cycle of the product.
The Concurrent Process

49. Life Cycle Design
Life cycle design means that all
aspects of a product (such as design,
development, production, distribution,
use, and its ultimate disposal and
recycling) are considered
simultaneously.
The basic goals of concurrent
engineering are to minimize product
design and engineering changes and to
reduce the time and cost involved in
taking a product from design concept
through production and ultimately to
introduction into the marketplace.

50. Assembly Drawings
An assembly drawing, shows how all the parts go together in
the complete product.
Assembly Drawing for the SAAR Brake. (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)

51. DRAFTING STANDARDS
There are standards that support a uniform, effective graphic language for
use in industry, manufacturing, engineering, and science.
In the United States, providing these
standards has been the work of the
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) with the American Society for
Engineering Education (ASEE), the
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),
and the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME).
International standards, often defined by
the International Organization for
Standardization (IOS), and the ASME or
ANSI standards for drawing practices are
similar in many respects.