6. BUILDING A DEMOCRACY
Athens = largest city-state
Citizens (adult male
residents) help in
government
Economic troubles
cause many poor
farmers to sell
themselves into slavery
7. REFORMS OF SOLON
Solon- 594 BC
Outlawed debtors’
slavery
Canceled farmers’ debts
Citizenship based on
wealth
Council of 400
Still a limited
democracy 1/10th
could participate
8. REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES
Cleisthenes, 508 BC
“Found of democracy in
Athens”
Balanced power of rich
and poor
Council of 500
Council members
chosen at random
Limited Democracy
1/5th are citizens
9. PERICLES STRENGTHENS DEMOCRACY
Pericles – 461-429 BC
Pays jurors
Creates a more direct
democracy
Citizens rule and
make laws directly
(not through
representatives)
10. Standards in
government and
philosophy
1st to develop three
branches of government
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
LEGACY OF GREECE
11. ROME DEVELOPS A REPUBLIC
Republic – form of gov.
where citizens can elect
people who make
decisions for them
Political Struggles
Plebians – commoners
Patricians – inherited
power and social status
12. ROMAN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS
Twelve Tables (written
legal code)
Roman rule expands,
and problems follow
Civil war
Rule of dictators
27 BC, Rome falls
under rule of Emperor
13. EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
Emperor Justinian
528 AD
Compiled all Roman law
into four books
Became a guide for
modern European
governments
14. Judaism
(Israelites/Jews/Hebre
ws) began in a corner of
Southeast Asia
Christianity emerges
from Judaism in approx.
20 AD
Spreads through the
Roman Empire
SECTION 2
JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY
15. SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
Christianity spreads
through the Roman
Empire
Exiled (“Christ the
King” is a dangerous
term)
All roads lead to Rome
(common
language/trade
routes/large area of
control)
16. CHRISTIANITY IS ACCEPTED IN EUROPE
Emperors, starting
with Constantine,
adopted the religion
around 300 AD
“Holy Roman Empire”
“Roman Catholic
Church”
17. PRINCIPLES THAT
LATER AFFECT GOV.
1. Duty of the
individual and
community to
combat oppression
2. Worth of the
individual
3. Equality of people
before God
19. LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION &
RENAISSANCE
Challenged the
authority of
monarchs &
popes
Indirectly helped
the growth of
democracy
Calling believers
to read Bible for
themselves
Increased
literacy
Exposed to more
than just
religious ideas
Placed more
importance on the
individual
21. SECTION 3: MAIN IDEA
England develops
democratic
institutions that
limit monarchy
22. REFORMS IN ENGLAND
Battle of Hastings (1066)
Normans + Anglo-Saxons
Henry II
Ruled from 1154-1189
Jury trials
Jury answered questions
about the accused
Decisions set precedents
Common Law – customs and
principles over time
23. ENGLISH MONARCHY BEFORE THE
MAGNA CARTA
King Henry II
1154-1189
King Richard
(The Lion Heart)
1189-1199
King John
1199-1216
24. THE MAGNA CARTA
King John
Demands money for
war with France
Raises taxes
Abuses power
1215 nobles rebel
and demand a
written contract
Magna Carta
25. 63 Clauses
THE MAGNA CARTA
2 “Basic Rights”
Popular consent before
taxation
Due Process of the Law
Parliament
England’s national
legislature
26. THE MODEL PARLIAMENT
King Edward I (John’s grandson) calls the Model Parliament
Knights, nobles, and burgesses
Leads to the House of Commons & the House of Lords
27. PARLIAMENT VS MONARCHY
ROUND 1. DING-DING.
“Power of the Purse”
Esp. House of the
Common
Monarchy declares
divine right
Chosen by God,
answerable only to
God
Absolutism
28. THE STUART KINGS
Queen Elizabeth I
dies in 1603
The Stuarts, a
Scottish royal family,
is the next in line
Believe in divine right
King James VI King
James I (1603-1625)
Clashes with English
Parliament (see next
slide)
29. KING JAMES I VS. PARLIAMENT
1. Puritans want
change
2. Uses the Star
Chamber (royal vs.
common law)
3. Money troubles
(Elizabeth’s debts,
wars, and a lavish
court)
30. KING CHARLES I AGGRAVATES
PARLIAMENT
King James’ son,
King Charles I, reign
begins in 1625
1628 – signs the
Petition of Rights in
exchange for money
Ignores documents
and dismisses
Parliament until
1640
31. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR - 1642
Charles I loses his
head in 1649
Oliver Cromwell
founds the
“Commonwealth of
England”
1653 – Lord Protector.
Basically, a
dictatorship
Dies in 1658
32. THE RESTORATION
1660 – Parliament
asks Charles I’s son
to take the throne
King Charles II
(1660-d.1685)
1679 – Habeas Corpus
Arrested person must be
presented in court, know
what they’re accused of,
and have a trial
33. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
King James II (1685-
1689)
Catholic, divine right
Parliament fears Catholic
rule, asks Mary and her
husband, William of
Orange, to overthrow her
father
Establish a
Constitutional
Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
(1689)
34. SECTION 4
The
Enl ightenment
and Democrat ic
Revolut ions
Create a word/concept map for these
key terms and names
• Enlightenment
• Social contract
• Natural rights
• Separation of powers
• Representative government
• Federal system
• United Nations