1. Geography of Greece and the
Development of Civilization

2. Geography of Greece
• Located on a (1) PENINSULA
• Surrounded by islands and (2) ARCHIPELAGOS
• Very (3) MOUNTAINOUS land
• No part of Greece is further than (4) 90 MILES from
the sea
• Surrounded by the Aegean Sea in the (5) EAST, Ionian
Sea in the (6) WEST, and the Mediterranean Sea in the
(7) SOUTH.

3. Development of Cities
• City-states were very (8) ISOLATED because of the
mountains and seas
• Travel over land was very (9) SLOW AND
DIFFICULT
• Traveling by boat was easier, but (10) STORMS,
PIRATES, AND HIDDEN ROCKS were very
dangerous

4. Development of Cities
• Because cities were isolated, they developed their
own customs and beliefs, which led to a lot of (11)
FIGHTING
• Cities shared common heritage, language, and gods
• Cities also fought over farmland

5. Farming
• Because of the (12) MOUNTAINS, rocky soil, and
scarce water farming was very difficult and limited to
only (13) 1/5 of the land of Greece
• Farmers cut (13) TERRACES into the mountainside to
help create farmland for wheat and barley
• (14) GRAPES AND OLIVES grew well in the climate
and needed less space to grow
• Farmers also grew fruit and nut trees and raised bees
for honey

6. Livestock
• (15) CATTLE required too much land for grazing
• Instead, ancient Greeks raised (16) SHEEP AND
GOATS, which could graze on the mountainsides
• (17) OXEN, MULES, AND DONKEYS were used to
plow or transport goods

7. Development of Colonies
• Because the best land was (18) LIMITED, some cities
looked abroad to find enough land to support their
people
• (19) COLONIES, or settlements in distant places,
developed
• Colonists would bring a flame from their city's (20)
SACRED FIRE to start a new sacred fire in their new city
• Colonies helped spread (21) GREEK CULTURE and
provide needed resources for the founding cities

8. Growth of Trade
• Greeks relied more on (22) BOATS to travel because
of their close proximity to the sea and the difficulty of
overland travel
• They became skilled (23) SHIP BUILDERS
• Trade grew as a result for a (24) DEMAND FOR
GOODS AND RESOURCES NOT AVAILABLE IN
GREECE