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BIRTH CONTROL
“our ability to prevent or delay pregnancy is fundamental
to our abilities to chose how we live our lives” – our
bodies, ourselves 2011

By: leeann riley
BIRTH CONTROL
                   Prevention/delay of
                    pregnancy



                “The practice of
                preventing unwanted
                pregnancies, typically by
                use of contraception.”
MEN AND BIRTH CONTROL
 Men have an important role in birth control, this is
  not often discussed between couples, but should
  be.
 Men benefit – being able to decide when and if they
  will father a child / protection for themselves and
  partners from sexually transmitted infections
 Birth control is not a decision for the woman alone-
  unfair burden
 Condoms- way for men to get involved in birth
  control, although many men find wearing condoms
  to be unmasculine, they are a very easy way of
  preventing unwanted pregnancies or infections.
BIRTH CONTROL ACTIVISM
   1870’s: first major defense of
    birth control – women’s right
    to refuse sexual activity
   1930’s – 2 things occurred
    during this time period: a
    woman named Margaret
    Sanger fought to have
    information and services
    available to all women in
    regards to birth control. A
    feminist movement for the
    legalization of birth
    control, which also defended
    the separation of sex from
    reproduction
   1960’s – defined birth control
    as a reproductive right and
    motherhood as a choice.
METHODS: WHAT IS BEST FOR YOU!
   If you are going to be using        Important questions:
    birth control other than
    condoms or spermicide, it           “what characteristics are
    should be discussed with a           you looking for in a birth
    health care professional, as         control given your life style”
    they are the only ones who
    can prescribe prescription          “how safe is the method for
    birth control                        both yourself and your
                                         partner”
   Chosing the right one will be
    decided between your                “what are the side effects
    doctor and yourself                  and risks of each method”
   Every method of birth               “how effective is the
    control is different and every       method”
    body is different
   Questions and concerns
    should be discussed.                (for more questions see page 255 in our bodies,
                                         ourselves)
EXAMPLES OF BIRTH CONTROL: BARRIER
METHODS

 Prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from
  reaching the cervix
 Male condoms (rubbers, prophylactics)

 FC2 Female Condom

 Diaphragm

 Cervical cap

 Sponge

 Spermicides (foams, creams/jellies, VCF)
METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL: HORMONAL
   They work by using hormones similar to the ones in our bodies to
    prevent the release of eggs.
   The protect against pregnancy but not STI’s, including HIV
   Estrogen and progestin work to stabilize the uterine lining and
    encourage more regular bleeding patterns.
           Methods combined estrogen and a progestin reduce the uterine lining/ progestin
            only methods prevent the lining of the uterus from building up- nothing to shed


   Pill – 99% effective. Taken daily and contains both estrogen and
    progestin
   Minipill – progestin only. 98-99% effective
   Vaginal Ring- inserted into the vagina. Releases both estrogen
    and progestin (stopping ovulation, thickens cervical fluid, barrier
    from the sperm getting to the egg) 92 % effective
   Patch- ortho eva. Releases combination of estrogen and
    progestin through the skin. 92-99% effective
   Shot- depo-povera (injection of progestin). Lasts for 3 months.
    99% effective.
METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL: LONG LASTING
 Contraceptive implant and intrauterine device
 Do not protect against STIs

 Requires a visit to the doctors office

 There is no difference between perfect and typical
  use effectiveness because they do not require any
  action for them to work.
PERMANENT BIRTH CONTROL METHODS
   There are three options for female sterilization
       They all work by stopping the egg from traveling to the uterus
        from the ovary and preventing sperm from reaching the
        fallopian tube to fertilize an egg
           Tubal ligation- surgical sterilization technique that closes the
            fallopian tubes
           Essure- does not require surgery or general sterilization. A small
            flexible spring is inserted each fallopian tube.
           Adiana- nonsurgical female sterilization that uses a silicon implant
            about the size of a grain of rice.

    Male Sterilization: Vasectomy
    This involves minor surgery to cut the vas deferens (the tube
    that carries sperm from the testes to the penis) The man still
    produces semen, but when he ejaculates, there are no sperm in
    the semen. This procedure is simpler than female sterilization
NONMEDICAL METHODS
   Withdrawal (“pulling out”)
        Removing the penis from the vagina
         before ejaculation
        Does not protect against STIs,
         requires self-control, experience and
         trust, not always effective.
   FAM- Fertility Awareness Method
        Scientifically validated method of
         natural birth control that involves
         charting fertility signs
        Requires background research, record
         keeping and a daily time commitment
        If used prefectly, 95-97%
   LAM – Lactational Amenorrhea
    Method
        Can only be used in the first 6 months
         of breastfeeding
        Must be strictly followed to be effective
         – contingent upon frequent nursing
        2 criteria that must be met: periods
         have not resumed and you are strictly
         breastfeeding
   Abstinence- not having sexual
    contact with any person
        Completely 100% effective
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES
   Work by changing a
    woman’s hormone levels in
    the same way birth control
    pills and other hormonal
    methods work
   The body receives a short,
    high burst of synthetic
    hormones –this disrupts
    natural hormones needed
    for ovulation and pregnancy
   EPCs can be used within 5
    days of unprotected sex
   These should NOT be used
    as birth control pills, only for
    emergencies – serious
    health risks can ensue
IN CONCLUSION
The practice of safe sex through birth control can be
extremely beneficial, if used correctly
      lower the risk of unwanted pregnancies
      protect against STI’s

Hormonal birth controls are also beneficial in that they
      lighter, more regular periods
      may reduce painful periods
      reduce incidence of ovarian cysts
      may relieve PMS
      protects against uterine and ovarian cancer
Encourages couples to communicate

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Birth Control

  • 1. BIRTH CONTROL “our ability to prevent or delay pregnancy is fundamental to our abilities to chose how we live our lives” – our bodies, ourselves 2011 By: leeann riley
  • 2. BIRTH CONTROL  Prevention/delay of pregnancy “The practice of preventing unwanted pregnancies, typically by use of contraception.”
  • 3. MEN AND BIRTH CONTROL  Men have an important role in birth control, this is not often discussed between couples, but should be.  Men benefit – being able to decide when and if they will father a child / protection for themselves and partners from sexually transmitted infections  Birth control is not a decision for the woman alone- unfair burden  Condoms- way for men to get involved in birth control, although many men find wearing condoms to be unmasculine, they are a very easy way of preventing unwanted pregnancies or infections.
  • 4. BIRTH CONTROL ACTIVISM  1870’s: first major defense of birth control – women’s right to refuse sexual activity  1930’s – 2 things occurred during this time period: a woman named Margaret Sanger fought to have information and services available to all women in regards to birth control. A feminist movement for the legalization of birth control, which also defended the separation of sex from reproduction  1960’s – defined birth control as a reproductive right and motherhood as a choice.
  • 5. METHODS: WHAT IS BEST FOR YOU!  If you are going to be using  Important questions: birth control other than condoms or spermicide, it  “what characteristics are should be discussed with a you looking for in a birth health care professional, as control given your life style” they are the only ones who can prescribe prescription  “how safe is the method for birth control both yourself and your partner”  Chosing the right one will be decided between your  “what are the side effects doctor and yourself and risks of each method”  Every method of birth  “how effective is the control is different and every method” body is different  Questions and concerns should be discussed.  (for more questions see page 255 in our bodies, ourselves)
  • 6. EXAMPLES OF BIRTH CONTROL: BARRIER METHODS  Prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from reaching the cervix  Male condoms (rubbers, prophylactics)  FC2 Female Condom  Diaphragm  Cervical cap  Sponge  Spermicides (foams, creams/jellies, VCF)
  • 7. METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL: HORMONAL  They work by using hormones similar to the ones in our bodies to prevent the release of eggs.  The protect against pregnancy but not STI’s, including HIV  Estrogen and progestin work to stabilize the uterine lining and encourage more regular bleeding patterns.  Methods combined estrogen and a progestin reduce the uterine lining/ progestin only methods prevent the lining of the uterus from building up- nothing to shed  Pill – 99% effective. Taken daily and contains both estrogen and progestin  Minipill – progestin only. 98-99% effective  Vaginal Ring- inserted into the vagina. Releases both estrogen and progestin (stopping ovulation, thickens cervical fluid, barrier from the sperm getting to the egg) 92 % effective  Patch- ortho eva. Releases combination of estrogen and progestin through the skin. 92-99% effective  Shot- depo-povera (injection of progestin). Lasts for 3 months. 99% effective.
  • 8. METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL: LONG LASTING  Contraceptive implant and intrauterine device  Do not protect against STIs  Requires a visit to the doctors office  There is no difference between perfect and typical use effectiveness because they do not require any action for them to work.
  • 9. PERMANENT BIRTH CONTROL METHODS  There are three options for female sterilization  They all work by stopping the egg from traveling to the uterus from the ovary and preventing sperm from reaching the fallopian tube to fertilize an egg  Tubal ligation- surgical sterilization technique that closes the fallopian tubes  Essure- does not require surgery or general sterilization. A small flexible spring is inserted each fallopian tube.  Adiana- nonsurgical female sterilization that uses a silicon implant about the size of a grain of rice. Male Sterilization: Vasectomy This involves minor surgery to cut the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the penis) The man still produces semen, but when he ejaculates, there are no sperm in the semen. This procedure is simpler than female sterilization
  • 10. NONMEDICAL METHODS  Withdrawal (“pulling out”)  Removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation  Does not protect against STIs, requires self-control, experience and trust, not always effective.  FAM- Fertility Awareness Method  Scientifically validated method of natural birth control that involves charting fertility signs  Requires background research, record keeping and a daily time commitment  If used prefectly, 95-97%  LAM – Lactational Amenorrhea Method  Can only be used in the first 6 months of breastfeeding  Must be strictly followed to be effective – contingent upon frequent nursing  2 criteria that must be met: periods have not resumed and you are strictly breastfeeding  Abstinence- not having sexual contact with any person  Completely 100% effective
  • 11. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES  Work by changing a woman’s hormone levels in the same way birth control pills and other hormonal methods work  The body receives a short, high burst of synthetic hormones –this disrupts natural hormones needed for ovulation and pregnancy  EPCs can be used within 5 days of unprotected sex  These should NOT be used as birth control pills, only for emergencies – serious health risks can ensue
  • 12. IN CONCLUSION The practice of safe sex through birth control can be extremely beneficial, if used correctly lower the risk of unwanted pregnancies protect against STI’s Hormonal birth controls are also beneficial in that they lighter, more regular periods may reduce painful periods reduce incidence of ovarian cysts may relieve PMS protects against uterine and ovarian cancer Encourages couples to communicate