2. Customer Comments: “ Nissan will save near $225,000 per year and avoid spending $300,000 for battery replacement. We can probably run anywhere from 14 to 16 hours on one tank of methanol. It takes 60 seconds to refill versus battery change-out that takes 15 minutes.” – Mark Sorgi, Senior Manager Of Material Handling, Nissan Smyrna,TN. “ OORJA units are a quantum leap forward in material handling equipment. New ideas are often met with resistance however this has been the exception. The pallet jack operators appreciate the elimination of battery changes and reduced exposure to injury. We went from a 7 minute battery change to a 1 minute fuel stop! We have been able to reduce our pallet jack fleet by 4 because of the improved efficiency. The absence of any loss of power throughout the day with our existing equipment has been an added feature we did not expect. The OORJA Staff has been totally accessible for on site training and addressing questions which has been key to the success from day one. The financial benefits grow with each additional unit. The 'GREEN" benefit is certainly a positive which we are proud to share with our Customer and general public. We are excited about the potential for future applications as OORJA continues to expand their business. ” – Charlie Stone, Golden State Foods “ The cost and productivity savings that we have gained have been so significant that we have already converted a large number of our material handling vehicles, even in this economy.” – Tom Hughes, Senior Operations Manager at SSI, Lathorp CA.
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8. Raymond unveils iBattery module for iWarehouse fleet optimization system Material Handling Wholesaler, April 27 th , 2010 / June 2010 Issue The iWarehouse fleet optimization system from The Raymond Corporation now features the iBattery module to help maintain lift truck battery fleets. The new module enables data-driven battery management by automatically notifying warehouse managers of key battery statistics , such as charge/discharge cycles, high and low temperatures, and low battery water levels — prolonging the life of the battery to its full life cycle, resulting in increased uptime and reduced cost. The iWarehouse system draws real-time, accurate information from the on-board computers of Raymond® lift trucks, and the system’s unique reporting modules enable warehouse managers to benchmark lift truck and operator productivity; diagnose potential lift truck issues remotely; reduce the risk of impacts; and optimize lift truck capital and maintenance costs. The iBattery can detect numerous vital pieces of battery fleet information, including battery weight to meet lift truck specifications, ensuring optimal lift truck performance; and state-of-charge and voltage to aid in the prevention of over discharging of the battery, promoting longer battery life. The battery data available through the iBattery module can help operators ensure they are using the right battery for their truck and the battery is maintained properly — preventing unplanned downtime for repairs. The data also can help ensure compliance with warranty requirements by providing detailed reports on the interval of charges, temperature, watering and equalization to validate battery maintenance.
9. Proximo Spirits, Inc. and 1800 Tequila today announced the release of their 1800 Ultimate Mixes in Tetra Pak cartons , featuring eco-friendly packaging and three new cocktail flavors -- Ultimate Margarita, Mojito and Pomegranate Margarita. A “green” alternative to traditional beverage packaging , the 1800 Ultimate Mixes in Tetra Pak packages are contained in a light, carton-based package, mainly made from paper, which comes from wood, a renewable resource that is responsibly replenished. The Tetra Pak carton, considered one of the most sustainable liquid food packages on the market, is also recyclable . In fact, more than 60 million Americans are able to recycle cartons and that number is growing every day. Cartons are broken down and recycled into household tissue products, including napkins, paper towel, and facial tissue. An innovator in the spirits industry, 1800 Tequila recognizes that fighting climate change is a global responsibility, and that package choice can have a significant impact on CO2 emissions through the value chain. In addition to the eco-value, the 1800 Ultimate Mixes in Tetra Pak cartons will create fun new occasions for the margarita due to the ease of transport and simplified mixing, says the company. 1800 tequila introduces eco-friendly cocktail packaging Packaging Digest, May 2010
10. Hyster Is Now Offering the TermiNOx. It states that it can “Reduce Harmful Emissions” like HC + NOx by <90% and Toxic Carbon Monoxide emissions by 85%. Also it claims to reduce fuel consumption by 10-20%.
11. Barloworld intends on reducing their Carbon Footprint by 3% in the next 12 months, with a total reduction of 12% in the next 5 years Barloworld is like every other business out there. They want to grow business, Implement solutions that save money & be good stewards of the environment.
15. Section 1 What is a fuel cell? Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Out Image credit: APFCT, 2007 Water (H 2 O) Out 2 H + + 0.5 O 2 + 2 e - H 2 O H 2 H + + 2e - Methanol Canister
16. Section 1 What is OorjaPac ™ ? What Is OorjaPac ™ ● Oorja has pioneered the development and commercialization of an Ultra-Powerful Alcohol Fuel Cell solution for the material handling industry in US and UK. ● OorjaPac ™ is a Safe, Cost Effective, “Green” on-board battery charger for material handling vehicles. It trickle-charges the vehicles battery while the vehicle is operating or while it is parked and periodically equalizes the batteries. OorjaPac ™ is capable of charging 24v, 36v & 48v. ● The OorjaPac ™ solution completely eliminates the need for battery-swapping or rapid charging, allowing customers to economize their fleets. Advantages ► Eliminate Battery Room ► Safety benefits ► Increased Productivity ► Reduce Lift Truck Maintenance ► Environmental Benefits ► Labor Savings
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18. Section 1 Overview: OorjaPac ™ Value Proposition OorjaPac ™ Value Propostion The target market for OorjaPac ™ is the materials handling industry, for use in electric forklifts, pallet trucks, and automated guided vehicles in the US and UK. It addresses the following key challenges faced by material handling fleet managers: ► Low runtime of vehicles on a single battery charge ► Mulltiple batteries swapping to meet vehicle runtime needs ► Significant operational costs associated with the resulting delays ► Safety concerns by complacent employees through repetitive actions
19. Class 3 Rider Pallet Trucks Class 3 Tuggers/Burden Carriers Class 1 Sit-down Lift Trucks Section 1 Overview: OorjaPac ™ Target Market Class 2 Stand-up Reach Trucks Pallet Rider = Available NOW! Tugger = Available NOW! Burden Carrier = Available NOW! Order Picker = Available NOW! Sit Down Elec. = Fall 2010 Reach Truck = Fall 2010 Turret Trucks = Fall 2010 Class 2 Order Picker
20. Section 1 Overview: Methanol Methanol Overview OorjaPac ™ operates on liquid methanol. Methanol is widely available energy source and is easy to handle. It is produced from natural gas, land fill gases and bio-waste. A three gallon methanol fuel tank is sufficient to power up to two eight hour shifts. Five gallons will power the OorjaPac™ for 24 hours. The process of fueling the OorjaPac ™ is as simple as refueling a car.
21. Section 1 Overview: Operating Condition Operating Condition OorjaPac ™ operates in the temperature range from - 20ºF to 110ºF and fits on top of the battery with a special mounting bracket, on top of the deck of an order picker or within the vehicles battery compartment. OorjaPac ™ is designed to operate in a variety of taxing industrial environments and can tolerate dust, rain and airborne particulates. It can operate in either indoor or outdoor conditions.
24. Section 2 Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Cont. 4) WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY? Pollution Reduction: Fuel cells lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce other environmental pollutants. CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and other emissions are reduced with all fuel cell technologies. Lower Costs: In many cases fuel cells produce power at lower cost than traditional fossil fuel competition. This is increasingly true as the cost of fossil fuels escalates. Reliability: Fuel cells provide a reliable source of power for applications that had previously be subject to power interruptions. Efficiency: Fuel cells operate at 40-80% efficiency depending on the type of technology deployed. This often represents a substantial increase in efficiency as compared to burning fossil fuel to generate power. Fuel Availability: Fossil fuels are a non renewable resource and will one day be depleted. Many fuels used to power fuel cells are renewable or represent untapped resources that augment our fossil fuel reserves. Quiet, Clean, Modular, Durable: Many fuel cells operate at minimal noise. They can be modular, compact and durable. This makes them ideal candidates for many applications that are removed from the grid or where traditional power delivery expensive.
25. Section 2 Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Cont. 5) WHAT ADVANTAGES DOES OORJAPAC OFFER IN COMPARISON TO BATTERIES OR INTERNALCOMBUSTION POWERED OPTIONS FOR FORKLIFTS? Lower Costs OorjaPac™ reduces costs ( labor, electrical, battery ) and increases productivity ( labor, space, battery ) for material handling operations. Reduced Pollution OorjaPac ™ reduces green house gas emissions. It eliminates NOx, SOx and CO emissions and reduces CO2 emission. OorjaPac™ increases battery life and reduces battery requirements. This reduces the overall use of toxic chemicals Inside the batteries. 6) WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON THE LIFE OF THE BATTERY AND HOW WOULD YOUR SOLUTION IMPACT THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BATTERY? OorjaPac ™ continuously trickle charges the on-board battery in the material handling vehicle. This ensures the battery never reaches a state of deep discharge. Battery charge and power are maintained at high levels and the battery is not subject to heat damage caused during recharging. Therefore, battery life is increased and battery maintenance needs are reduced.
26. Section 2 Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Cont. 7) HOW DO YOU REFUEL THE OORJAPAC ™ ? Methanol is delivered to the fuel cell similar to refueling a car. A compact methanol refueling cabinet with a hose and nozzle is used to transfer methanol to the fuel tank in the OorjaPac ™ . Anyone can Refuel the OorjaPac ™ with minimal training. Methanol delivery for our customers is ensured by Oorja. 8) WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON THE LIFE OF THE BATTERY AND HOW WOULD YOUR SOLUTION IMPACT THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BATTERY? OorjaPac ™ continuously trickle charges the on-board battery in the material handling vehicle. This ensures the battery never reaches a state of deep discharge. Battery charge and power are maintained at high levels and the battery is not subject to heat damage caused during recharging. Therefore, battery life is increased and battery maintenance needs are reduced. 9) WHAT MODEL BATTERIES DOES THE OORJAPAC ™ SUPPORT? The Model III can work with batteries that operate on 24, 36 and 48 Volts.
27. Section 2 Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions Cont. 10) What is the difference between a fuel cell and a battery? A battery chemically stores and releases electricity, while a fuel cell produces energy through The electrochemical reaction of fuel and air. A battery will run out of power and require recharging, Then disposal. A fuel cell, however, will continue to function and produce power as long as fuel and Oxygen are supplied. 11) Where are fuel cells used? Off-Grid Applications: Remote Home Sites, telecommunication repeaters, back-up power for schools, hospitals and governmental facilities On-Board Charging: Forklifts, AGV’s, Golf Carts, tuggers, riders, cars, submarines Portable & Mobile Power Applications: Consumer electronic devices, cell phones, MP3 Players Auxiliary Power Applications: Recreations Vehicles, Military Vehicles, Boats, Homes, On The Road Trucks
28. Section 2 Benefits Of OorjaPac ™ Benefits Of OorjaPac ™ Benefits of On-board Charging Leveraging its patented break-through technology, Oorja provides the next generation of fuel cell technology to the material handling industry. The OorjaPac product line allows material handling managers to significantly increase productivity, reduce operational costs, and reduce their carbon footprint in the following ways: Reduced Labor Costs Lift truck operators spend part of their day swapping batteries to ensure sufficient battery charge. Estimates of time lost for charging and swapping range from 30 to 80 minutes over a 2 shift period. OorjaPac ™ eliminates swapping so labor is available for more productive tasks. Increased Productivity OorjaPac ™ increases productivity in two ways. It eliminates time and resources spent swapping and charging batteries, and it maintains a constant state of charge, thus the productive output of the vehicle is maximized. Reduced Battery Replacements With OorjaPac ™ powered forklifts, fleet managers require fewer batteries to run their fleet. Using the OorjaPac ™ liquid methanol fuel cell, the need for additional batteries and their replacement is eliminated. The OorjaPac ™ acts as an on-board charger and ensures that the batteries are not deep discharged, thereby reducing the need for battery replacement. Eliminate the Need for Battery Rooms With the OorjaPac ™ there is no need to charge batteries outside the forklift. This frees valuable cubic footage on the warehouse floor.
29. Section 2 Benefits Of OorjaPac ™ Benefits Of OorjaPac ™ Cont. Leverage Existing Investments with On-Board Charging Methanol storage and handling requires minimal infrastructure change. This affords seamless transition to deploying OorjaPac ™ as an on-board charger. Environmental and Safety Improvements OorjaPac ™ improves safety by eliminating the heavy lifting required with lead-acid batteries. Safety is also improved because trips to and from the battery charging area are also eliminated. Fewer batteries mean fewer acid spills and less pollution when the batteries and their contents are finally retired. Pollution Reduction OorjaPac ™ reduces the carbon footprint of forklift operations. OorjaPac ™ releases no SOX, NOX or CO. This reduction helps meet corporate goals of a cleaner workplace and community.
33. Section 2 Methanol Facts Methanol (CH3OH), also known as wood alcohol, is considered an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act of 1992. It is gaining momentum as a popular alternative-energy, environmentally-friendly fuel and is produced from a wide variety of sources including fossil fuels (natural gas, coal, oil shale, tar sands, etc.), but also agricultural products and municipal waste, wood and varied biomass. Methanol is already used today on a large scale as a raw material worldwide to produce numerous chemical products and materials and present in plastics and textiles to windshield washer fluid and paint thinner. It is also regularly used as a disinfecting solvent and as a component of anti-freeze. Because of the ease of handling and storage methanol fuel cells has also garnered attention because of the application to power consumer electronics. Oorja Protonics is the leader in providing reliable and economical liquid fuel cells for the material handling industry. By leveraging its breakthrough technologies, Oorja manufactures the most efficient and powerful portable methanol fuel cells that significantly reduce operating costs and green house gas emissions.
34. Section 2 Methanol Facts Cont. BASICS • Colorless liquid • Fully soluble in water • Flash point of 52°F • Approved for use in every city, county & state • Promoted by the federal government for fuel use • Burns 60% slower than gasoline • Fire can be suppressed with water • Distributed to every region of the US • Storage in plastic or metal tank PRODUCED FROM: • Natural gas and coal • Biomass, landfill and agricultural waste COMMON APPLICATIONS: • Windshield washer Fluid • Solvents for paints • Fuel additive • Wastewater & Sewage treatment • Clothing • Paint • Race Car Fuel methanol CH 3 OH
41. Section 4 Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Hydrogen Vs. Methanol
42. Section 4 Inside Of A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydrogen Storage (with optional ballast) Caps or Batteries Auxiliaries Ballard ™ Fuel Cell Controller Cooling System Gas Management System
43. Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Section 4 Hydrogen Vs. Methanol? 3 4 NFPA (Fire) Rating 0= no special hazard; 4 is severe hazard Indoors or Outdoors Always Outdoor (500ft) / Not possible to store indoors Location of the Refueling Station and Fuel Storage Plastic (same as gasoline) or metal tank High pressure metal cylinders or Cryogenic containers Storage Containers Liquid—Non-pressurized and stored at atmospheric Compressed—Under >5000 psi Storage and Packaging Conditions Liquid Gaseous---lightest gas in the world State of the fuel Methanol Hydrogen
44. Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Section 4 Hydrogen Vs. Methanol? Sources of Production Cost Energy Output of the Fuel per unit volume Natural Gas, Biomass and Coal Petroleum, Natural Gas and Coal $0.12/kWhr $0.35/kWhr Fuel Cost $50,000 $1.5 million Fuel Infrastructure Cost for 100 vehicles 18 GJoules/m3 8.8 GJoules/m3 Energy Content Methanol Hydrogen Parameters
45. Section 4 Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Cost Of Fuel:Run Time Hydrogen = $22.00 for 24 hours run time Methanol = $7.75 for 24 hours run time Hydrogen is 300% more expensive than Methanol per hour of run time
46. Section 4 Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Cost Of OorjaPac ™ Vs. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydrogen = $17,500 - 35,000 Per Fuel Cell Methanol = $17,000 – 30,000 Per Fuel Cell Hydrogen Refuel Station is 50% More Expensive Than The OorjaRig ™ & The Hydrogen Fuel Cell Is 30% More Than OorjaPac ™ Hydrogen Refuel Station = $1,500,000.00 Methanol Refuel Station = $35,000.00
47. Section 4 Refuel Time: Hydrogen Vs. Methanol Refuel Time of OorjaPac ™ Vs. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydrogen Fuel Cell Refuel Time = 2 – 5 Minutes OorjaPac ™ = 30 – 45 Seconds The OorjaPac ™ refuels 55% faster than Hydrogen Fuel Cells do.
49. Section 5 Inside the OorjaPac ™ Model H The OorjaPac is very simple and is only composed of 5 basic modules HX Assy Module 2 3 5 4 Stack & Manifold Module 1 Fuel Tank Module Pow. Elect Modules BOP Tower Assy Module
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55. Section 5 OorjaPac Basic System Diagram Solution Pump (Water/MEOH) Methanol (meoh) Pump Anode Radiator (water) Vent to atmosphere Methanol Canister Cathode Radiator (CO2) Fuel Cell Stack Air Pump Water and MEOH Mixer Water is re-used to dilute methanol Battery
56. Section 5 OorjaPac to Vehicle/Battery Interface Original Configuration New Configuration battery To vehicle motor battery To vehicle motor OorjaPac Oorja-supplied
74. STEP #1 TURN VEHICLE & OORJAPAC ™ OFF STEP #2 INSERT REFUELING NOZZEL PUSH DOWN UNTIL SECURE “CLICK” NOTE: MAKE SURE THE REFUELING NOZZEL IS COMPLETELY PUSHED DOWN YOU WILL HEAR THE CONNECTOR “CLICK” NOTE: CUSTOMER CAN CHOOSE SOFTWARE MODEL TO REFUEL W/O TURNING OFF THE OORJAPAC** Section 7 Refueling Procedure
75. STEP #3 INSERT COMMUNICATION CABLE AND SCREW ON CONNECTOR STEP #4 THEN TURN OORJAPAC ON BY PRESSING THE ON/OFF SWITCH NOTE: ONCE YOU TURN ON THE UNIT TO REFUEL THE LCD SHOULD READ “REFUELING RIG DETECTED” Section 7 Refueling Procedure
76. STEP #5 PREE THE GREEN START SWITCH TO START REFUELING NOTE: THE GREEN REFUELING LIGHT WILL TURN ON ONCE THE OORJAPAC STARTS TO REFUEL AND TURN OFF ONCE REFUELING IS COMPLETE Section 7 Refueling Procedure
77. STEP #6 ONCE UNIT IS FINISHED REFUELING LCD WILL READ “REFUEL DONE” TURN OFF OOORJAPAC, DISCONNECT THE REFUELING NOZZEL AND COMMUNICATION CABLE TURN UNIT BACK ON* Section 7 Refueling Procedure * Depending on software configuration
78. Section 7 OorjaPac ™ Mobile Rig/Refuel Station OorjaPac ™ Mobile Rig will refuel up to 25 trucks OorjaPac ™ Refueling Station (3500 – 4500 gal) will sustain 25+ units w/ 5 refuel ports inside the bldg./Tank outside (eliminating wait time).
81. Section 8 Cost To Charge Battery Formula How do we figure out the cost to charge (1) battery? Here is what we need: 1 – Voltage Of Battery (ex. 24,36,48) 2 – Amp Hrs./kwh Of Battery (ex. 725, 650, 1100) 3 – # of Batteries Used Per Shift 4 – # of Days Worked Per Year 5 – Total # of Trucks
82. Section 8 Battery Charge Formula Application How do we figure out the cost to charge (1) battery? Take Truck Battery Voltage x Battery Amp Hrs.(kwh) 24V Battery x 750 Amp Hr. = 18,000 Watts Per Hour Then… 18,000 Watts Per Hour ÷ 1000 = 18 kwh Then we need to figure in battery charger efficiency. 18 kwh ÷ .65 charger efficiency = 28 kwh 28kwh x .095 ¢ (cost of electricity) = $2.66 per Batt. Per Day
83. Section 8 Cost To Charge Batteries What do all of these numbers & Figures mean? In our example: The cost to charge (1) battery per day: $2.66 (2) Batteries Per Day / (2) Shifts Cost to charge (2) batteries per day: $5.32 (5) Day per week/work week: 360 Days Total cost to charge (1) set of batteries per year: $1,915.00 Total # of trucks: 30 Total Cost To Charge 30 Truck Batteries Per Year: $57,450.00 UNRECOVERABLE!!!
84. Section 8 Labor To Change Battery What about the labor it takes to change the batteries? Average Swap Time: 22 Minutes x 2 Average Time To Reach Battery Changing Area: 3 min x 2 Average Labor Cost To Change Batteries: $23.00 / hr. So… (2) Battery Changes per day X 360 Days X 30 Trucks = 21,600 Swaps 21,600 Swaps x 25 Minutes = 540,000 minutes ÷ 60 min. = 9,000 hrs. 9,000 hrs. X $23.00 per hr. = $207,000.00 UNRECOVERABLE
85. Section 8 Cost To Change Battery What about the labor it takes to change the batteries? Average Swap Time: 22 Minutes x 3 Average Time To Reach Battery Changing Area: 3 min x 2 Average Labor Cost To Change Batteries: $23.00 / hr. Hourly Wage of Battery Swap Technician: $23.00 / hr. SO………………. (3) Battery Changes per day X 360 Days X 40 Trucks = 43,200 Swaps 43,200 Swaps x 25 Minutes = 1,080,000 minutes ÷ 60 min. = 18,000 hrs. 18,000 hrs. X $23.00 per hr. = $414,000.00 UNRECOVERABLE
86. Section 8 Maintenance Cost Of Batteries What about the cost to Water the batteries? Work Days Per Year: 360 Days Battery Maintenance Intervals: 2 week Battery Touches Per Year: 360 Days ÷ 14 Days = 26 Touches Amount of time to maintain (1) Battery = 30 Minutes 30 Minutes x 26 Touches = 780 min. ÷ 60 min = 13 hrs. 13 hrs. x $25.00 per hr. (Labor Rate) = $325.00 $325.00 per batt. X 30 X 2 batteries = $19,500.00 Per Year UNRECOVERABLE
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88. Section 8 OorjaPac ™ Implementation Overview OorjaPac ™ Implementation Overview Total Electricity Savings: $57,450.00 Total Labor Savings: $207,000.00 Total Maintenance Savings: $37,500.00 Redundant Battery & Charger Savings: $13,500.00 Total Savings w/ OorjaPac ™: $315,450.00 Total Cost Of OorjaPac™ w/ Refuel Rig(After Rebates): $390,000.00 ROI = Cost ÷ Savings = 14 months
89. Section 8 OorjaPac ™ Implementation w/ Cautious Customer OorjaPac ™ Implementation Overview w/ Cautious Customer Total Electricity Savings: $55,642.00 Minus Methanol Cost Total Labor Savings: $207,000.00 Total Maintenance Savings: $30,000.00 Fewer Maintenance Calls Redundant Battery & Charger Savings: $13,500.00 Total Savings w/ OorjaPac ™: $306,142.00 Total Cost Of OorjaPac™ w/ Refuel Rig(After Rebates): $390,000.00 ROI = Cost ÷ Savings = 15 months
90. Section 8 Consider This Consider This? OorjaPac ™ extends the battery life by 60%. So if you are speaking to a customer that has 4 year old battery’s, there is more on the table that needs to be pointed out. $2700.00 ÷ 5 years = $540.00 per year 60% = 3 years (5 x .60 = 3) 3 years x $540.00 per year = $1,620.00 extra savings per unit So in our 30 Truck example, we just added another $48,600.00 Savings and brought the ROI down to: 12 Months
91. Section 8 Consider This Consider This? Total Units: 75 Total # Of Batteries: 150 (2 shift operation) Total Number of Bad Batteries: 75 Cost Of New Battery: $2,700.00 75 x $2,700.00 = $202,500.00 So….. Re-Distribute 75 Good Batteries = $202,500.00 Savings Get rid of redundant batteries = $22,500.00 Get rid of redundant chargers = $11,250.00 Redistribution Savings = $236,250.00
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93. Section 8 OorjaPac ™ Warranty & Extended Warranty OorjaPac ™ Warranty & Extended Warranty Info OorjaPac ™ has a (1) Year All Inclusive Warranty OorjaPac ™ offers an extended Warranty that covers ALL Parts / Excludes Labor
94. Section 8 Calculate Your Carbon Footprint Propane Emissions factors for propane calculated by your monthly bill are based on the national average price for propane ($1.87 per gallon) from the Department of Energy (courtesy of NPGA.org ). We calculate the emissions of propane to be 12.17 lbs CO2 per gallon (source DOE EIA ). Electricity Multiply your monthly electric cost by 105 to obtain your Carbon Footprint.
Like a battery, a fuel cell is a device that produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction. As this diagram shows, a hydrogen source combines with oxygen in air to produce electricity, water, and carbon dioxide. Whereas in other more well-known fuel cell applications, the hydrogen source is compressed hydrogen or liquefied hydrogen, in our case, we use methanol. It’s important to note that this reaction is not a combustion reaction; rather, methanol is electrochemically converted into electricity.
It is produced from natural gas, land fill gases and bio-waste.
Converting the chemical energy stored in a fuel to electrical and thermal energy.
Methanol is an alcohol, so it’s a flammable liquid. It’s flashpoint, meaning the temperature at which methanol vapors in the air will ignite, is 52 F, so you want to stay clear of sparks, smoking, and open flames. Methanol burns with a clear flame. Methanol fires can be extinguished with water, co2, dry chemical, or aqueous foam. In the event of a fire or spill, you should follow your standard safety protocol. Stay clear of the area; do not walk through the spill; avoid inhalation of vapors; and call emergency response.
Sometimes a person with methanol exposure may appear drunk. Some symptoms do not show up until several hours later after the body metabolizes the methanol. Methanol does not accumulate in the body. Methanol poisoning will have the same effects, regardless of the route of entry.
Methanol offers several advantages over other fuels. First, it’s abundant and inexpensive. Second, it is a liquid fuel that’s easily transportable and has an existing fuel infrastructure throughout the world. Finally the cost to energy ratio is low. As you can see, methanol is a fraction of the cost of natural gas, propane, and hydrogen.
A gigajoule (GJ) is a metric term used for measuring energy use. One GJ is equal to: • 277.8 kWh of electricity • 26.9 m3 of natural gas
The OorjaPac is very modular, it consists of only 5 modules. Module 1, fuel tank module; contains the fuel. Module 2, Stack module; where the actual reaction for power takes place. Module 3, balance of plant (BOP); BOP contains pumps filters, sensors, etc., to allow for the reaction. Module 4, Power electronics; all command and control. Module 5, heat exchanger; water produced in the reactions if condensed and reused to the mixing process.
Pure methanol gets pumped into the mixer tank where it’s diluted to a very low concentration. That dilute methanol is fed into the stack where the chemical reaction takes place, producing electricity, water and carbon dioxide. The water is cooled in the cathode and anode radiators and then feeds back into the mixing tank to maintain liquid concentration. More methanol gets added to the mixer and the process continues.
When the OorjaPac is operating smoothly, the LCD will indicate a mode status of 2 (idle) or 4 (normal ops). Also, the LED will be green.