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1. NOMBRE:NOMBRE:
Leidy RicoLeidy Rico
CURSO: 1102CURSO: 1102
TEMA: INGLES -TEMA: INGLES -
PronombresPronombres

2. TOPICS FOR TODAY’S PRESENTATION
1. ENGLISH: indefinite pronouns and partitive pronouns
2. SPANISH PRONOUNS:
 Gender and number definition.
Subject pronouns
Prepositional pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
 Relative pronouns
 Interrogative pronouns
 Demonstrative pronouns
Indirect object pronouns
Direct object pronouns

3. Indefinite pronouns
-Indefinite pronouns are those pronouns that typically
refer to no particular person or thing.
-Equally, they are characterized by having functions
directly involved in expressing quantity, from totality
(“all”) to its converse (“nothing”).
-Reference in some cases invokes gender, such that
items in –body are personal, items in –thing
nonpersonal.
-Quantification in some cases invokes countability and
number, such that each is singular count, both dual
count, while some may be noncount or plural count.

4. THE UNIVERSAL ITEMS
These function only as pronouns and despite
their entailment of plural meaning they take
singular verbs:
Everyone, Everybody, Everything, No one,
Nobody, Nothing, noting that all except “no
one” are written as single words.

5.  EXAMPLES:
-The room was full of youngsters and everyone/everybody was
listening to the speeches. (La habitación estaba llena de jóvenes
y todo el mundo estaba escuchando los discursos).
 I appealed to the whole crowd, but no one/nobody was willing
to get up and speak. (Yo le pedí a todo el público, pero nadie
estaba dispuesto a pararse y hablar)
-My mother was very particular about how her things were
arranged in her bedroom; she knew where everything was
supposed to be and she insisted that nothing was ever to be
misplaced. (Mi mamá era muy exigente en como sus cosas estaban
arregladas en su habitación, ella sabía donde debía estar todo e
insistía en que nada fuera colocado en el lugar equivocado)

6.  Two further indefinites are each and none, both able to
operate irrespective of gender with singular reference.
EXAMPLES:
-Many members hesitated but although each was
pressed to act, none was in the end willing. (Muchos
miembros dudaron pero aunque cada uno fue presionado
para actuar, ninguno estuvo dispuesto al final).
-There were several knives in the drawer, but although
each was tried in turn, none was Sharp enough to cut
the rope. (Habían varios cuchillos en el cajón, pero aunque
cada uno fue probado sucesivamente, ninguno estaba
suficientemente filoso para cortar la cuerda).

7. -Each (but no none) can also function as a
determiner, in which role it is closely paralleled by
every.
EXAMPLE:
Each Candidate will be individually interviewed
Every
(Cada candidato será entrevistado individualmente).
-Where they differ is that each is more targeted on
the individual among the totality, every on the totality
itself.

8. By contrast with each, none is not
restricted to singular reference, though
plurals like the following are objectionable
to some users:
EXAMPLE:
- Hundreds were examined but none
were acceptable. (Cientos fueron
examinados pero ninguno fue admisible)

9. -With the determiner no which
corresponds to none, however, plural is as
universally used as the singular.
EXAMPLES:
-No photography is permitted during
the ceremony (Las fotografías no están
permitidas durante la ceremonia).
-There were no passengers on the train
(No habían pasajeros en el tren).

10. With all and both, we make plural and dual
universal reference.
EXAMPLES:
-The factory produces luxury cars and all
are for export. (La fábrica produce carros
lujosos y todos son para exportar).
-Police interviewed the (two) suspects and
both were arrested. (La policía entrevistó a
los dos sospechosos y los dos fueron
arrestados).

11. -These two items also have a
predeterminer function.
EXAMPLES:
-All these cars are for export. (Todos
estos carros son para exportar)
-Both (the) suspects were arrested.
(Ambos sospechosos fueron arrestados)

12. -The converse of all is no; that of both is neither,
usually with singular verb concord.
EXAMPLE:
-Police interviewed the (two) suspects but neither
was arrested. (La policía entrevistó a los dos
sospechosos pero ninguno fue arrestado).
-It has a parallel determiner function.
EXAMPLE:
-Neither suspect was arrested (Ningún sospechoso
fue arrestado)

13. PARTITIVE INDEFINITES
(a) I can see someone climbing that tree
Somebody
(Puedo ver a alguien trepando ese árbol)
There is something I want to tell you (Hay algo
que quiero contarte)
There are nuts here; please have some.
(Hay nueces aquí, por favor toma algunas).

14. (b) Did you see anyone in the vicinity ?
anybody
(¿Viste a alguien en la vecindad?)
- I couldn’t find anything to read. (No
pude encontrar nada para leer)
-I’d like nuts, if you have any. (me
gustarían nueces, si tienes)

15. EXAMPLES:
Assertive John bought some apples
(Jhon compró unas manzanas)
Non-assertive/interrogative/positive
Did john buy any apples?
(¿Jhon compró
unas manzanas?)
Non assertive/interrogative/negative
Didn’t John buy any apples?
(¿John no compró unas manzanas?)
Non-assertive/negative
John didn’t buy any apples
(John no compró ningunas manzanas)

16. Non- assertion
(a) The negative never, no, either, nor
(b) The “incomplete negatives” Hardly,
Nearly, Almost, Little, Few, Least, But,
Only, Seldom, etc
(C) The “implied negatives” Just,
Before, Fail, Prevent, Reluctant, Hard,
Difficult, etc.

17. COMPARE THE FOLLOWING ASSERTIVE/NON-
ASSERTIVE SENTENCES:
(a) Jhon will always manage to do something useful
John will never manage to do anything useful
(a) (John siempre consigue hacer algo útil)
(John nunca consigue hacer algo útil)
(b) There was a good chance somebody could come
There was little chance anybody could come
(b) (Había una Buena posibilidad de que alguien pudiera
venir)
(Había poca posibilidad de que alguien pudiera venir)

18. (c ) John was eager to read something about the
war.
John was reluctant to read anything about the
war.
John was too lazy to read anything about the
war.
(c ) (John estaba ansioso por leer algo acerca de
la guerra) (John estaba reacio a leer algo acerca
de la guerra) (John estaba demasiado perezoso
para leer algo de la guerra).

19. EXAMPLES:
Freud probably contributed more than
anyone to the understanding of dreams
(Freud probablemente
contribuyó más que ningún otro a la
interpretación de los sueños)
Nobody contributed more to the understanding
of dreams than Freud
(Nadie contribuyó más a la interpretación de los
sueños que Freud)

20. EXAMPLE WITH SOME:
Did somebody telephone last night?
Anybody
( Alguien llamó la noche pasada)
Would you like some wine? (¿Quieres
vino?)

21. SPANISH PRONOUNSSPANISH PRONOUNS ::
 Gender and number definition.Gender and number definition.
 Subject pronounsSubject pronouns
 Prepositional pronounsPrepositional pronouns
 Reflexive pronounsReflexive pronouns
 Indefinite pronounsIndefinite pronouns
 Relative pronounsRelative pronouns
 Interrogative pronounInterrogative pronoun
 Demonstrative pronounsDemonstrative pronouns
 Indirect object pronounsIndirect object pronouns
 Direct object pronounsDirect object pronouns

22. GENDER:
EXAMPLES:
Él tiene dos carros (He has two
cars)
Ellas son hermosas (They are
beautiful)
No comprendo esto (I do not
understand this)

23. NUMBER:
EXAMPLES:
Ella es alta (She is tall)
Ellas son altas (They are tall)

24. SUBJECTS PRONOUNS
SINGULAR:

25. EXAMPLE:
Yo soy pedro (I am Peter)
Ella es bonita (She is beautiful)

26. PLURAL
SPANISH ENGLISH
NOSOTROS ( masculino ) We (masculine or mixed gender)
NOSOTRAS ( femenino) We (feminine)
VOSOTROS ( masculino, familiar
en España)
You ( mixed gender)
VOSOTRAS ( femenino, familiar
en España)
You (mixed gender)
ELLOS ( masculino) They (mixed gender)
ELLAS ( femenino) They (mixed gender)
USTEDES (formal en España,
familiar en Latino América.
Género mezclado)
You ( mixed gender)

27. EXAMPLE:
Nosotros estamos en el colegio
(We are at the school)
Ellas están bailando
(They are dancing)

28. PREPOSITIONAL PRONOUNS

29. EXAMPLES:
A mí, no me gusta la carne de cerdo
((To me), I don't like pork)
Quiero estudiar con ellos (I want to
study with them)
Tengo un regalo para ti ( I have a gift
for you)

30. But we also have ello which is for
neuter,
No tengo tiempo para ello (I don't
have time for that.)
Estoy ocupado, y por ello no
puedo ir al cine ( I'm busy, that's why
I can't go to the movies.)

31. Gracias por
ver!