This document discusses effective strategies for selling to C-level executives (CLEs). It notes that gaining access to CLEs is challenging as there are hundreds of salespeople competing for limited CLE time. The most effective routes are having the CLE request a meeting or gaining access through someone the CLE respects, like a direct report. The optimal times to seek a CLE meeting are early in the buying process during problem recognition or late in option evaluation. The document provides a model for securing a CLE meeting by first meeting with dissatisfied direct reports, understanding challenges, and having the direct report request the CLE meeting based on strategic value.

1. Selling to the C-Suite

2. Selling to the C-Suite
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.
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Huthwaite, Inc.
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Arlington, VA 22203
703-467-3800
www.huthwaite.com

3. Selling to the C-Suite
Selling to the C-Suite
Huthwaite is the world’s leading sales performance improvement organization. Founded on
scientifically validated behavioral research, our methodologies—which include the internationally
renowned SPIN® Selling—guarantee sales success. Huthwaite assesses your organization’s needs and
develops customized sales performance improvement and coaching programs that drive real business
results.
Have you ever wondered why your superstar new hire salespeople have such a dismal record of
Huthwaite…Creators of SPIN®belying the apparently outrageous claims of their resumes?
getting into the C-Suite, Selling.
In this paper, I shall seek to set you free from the perennial search for the silver bullet. I shall seek
to tell you the truth about selling to the C-Suite.
It must be said at the outset that there are genuine rock star sellers who seem to move easily
through those hallowed halls. These are people who have a rare combination of intelligence,
fortitude, charisma, talent and luck. If you are one of these rock stars, carry on. But if you are one
of us mere mortals, read on and we shall explore the elusive phenomenon of C-Suite selling.
Background
According to the 2001 U.S. Census Bureau survey there are over 10 million non-retail sales
representatives in the United States. As there is no listing for C-Level executive in the Census,
let’s estimate the number of C-level executives in the B2B selling world using the Global 2000 list
of companies. If we estimate that the Global 2000 on average has five C-level executives (CEO,
CFO, COO, CIO, President) and seven additional “close to C-level executives” (i.e., EVP Sales,
SVP marketing, SVP HR, Divisional President, etc.) then we arrive at a total of approximately
24,000 senior executives for the entire pool of over 10 million U.S.-based salespeople to call on.
Amazingly, that figure translates into 417 sales professionals for each C-level Executive (CLE). This
paper will discuss what research has revealed the very few among those 417 sales professionals
actually do to be different.(For the sake of brevity, we will label C-Level Executives as “CLEs” for
the remainder of this white paper).
Not many CLEs want to spend much, if any, time with salespeople. A few years ago one of my very
talented salespeople was able to secure a phone appointment with an SVP of Sales with a Fortune
1000 company. I joined her on the phone and at the beginning of the call this gentleman told
me, “You know, Steve, I get two or three prospecting calls a day from people wanting to sell me
something. I can guarantee you that I return no more than two of those calls per year. I want you
to know that your rep, Nicola, was so compelling with her messages to me that she represents one
of those two calls I’ll return this year.” This CLE receives approximately 500-700 prospecting calls a
year, and actually sees only one or two salespeople!
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 1

4. Selling to the C-Suite
It certainly appears that getting the attention and obtaining an audience with a CLE is a daunting
challenge. The odds are stacked against you as you—along with several hundred of your peers—
attempt to garner attention from an increasingly guarded
and fickle audience. As the pressure to grow revenue and The odds are stacked against
sell consultative solutions increases, you can be certain that you as you—along with several
the managers and executives for whom you work will expect
hundred of your peers—attempt
you to call higher in your client and prospect organizations.
Therefore, the goal of this white paper is to help sellers and to garner attention from an
sales organizations increase their likelihood of success in increasingly guarded and fickle
gaining and optimizing an audience with a CLE. The three audience.
critical questions this white paper will explore are:
• How do you identify when a Senior Executive would
be most receptive to your request for time?
• What is the most effective route to obtain an audience with a C-Level executive?
• How do you execute a meeting with a CLE in order to increase your chances for success?
When would a Senior Executive be most receptive to a salesperson?
What is the optimum time to gain an audience with a CLE? Unlike commodity-driven purchasing
agents, CLEs rarely get up in the morning thinking about interacting with salespeople. So, what
do they think about? They are hyper-focused on improving their results and employing strategies
that will help their enterprises grow revenue, increase market share,
CLEs rarely get up in counter a competitive threat, acquire new customers, increase
the morning thinking customer loyalty and retention, bolster margins, decrease costs,
manage risk, increase shareholder value, attract and retain skilled
about interacting staff and improve workforce productivity. There is a huge variety
with salespeople of strategies that CLEs employ to improve in these aforementioned
areas.
One thing is certain: if you can’t clearly prove that what you are selling will help an executive
improve in at least one of these areas, then you need not waste your time calling on the C-Suite.
They don’t want to see you. However, if you can show that your offering will enhance results in
these key strategic areas, you are still in the game.
2 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

5. Selling to the C-Suite
The maxim “timing is everything” is massively relevant to those in the sales profession. If you
know when CLEs are likely to be engaged in making a major purchase decision, then your odds
of being “at the right place at the right time” will increase dramatically. Huthwaite’s research into
the predictable patterns through which buyers progress as they make a major purchase decision
suggests that there are normally six ongoing phases of what we call the Buying Cycle:
• Recognition of Needs: During this phase the buyer moves from minor irritation to real
dissatisfaction, and then finally to the point where he decides he’s going to do something
about it.
• Evaluation of Options: This phase normally begins with a confusing array of choices and
options. As it continues, the buyer becomes increasingly clear about the option that suits
best. Finally, he settles on the best option.
• Resolution of Concerns: In this phase, although the buyer is sure he needs a change and
has chosen the best option, he begins to deal psychologically with the risk inherent in a
decision.
• The Decision: At this point, the buyer has resolved or come to terms with his concerns
and signs on the dotted line.
• Implementation: This is the phase during which the new product or service is set up or
brought on line.
• Changes over Time: This is the phase during which the initial problem is solved, desired
outcomes are achieved and new challenges arise due to market forces, competition, etc.
Huthwaite’s research reveals that there are two critical junctures where CLEs are involved in the
Buying Cycle and when CLEs have the highest probability of involvement:
• At the cusp between Changes over Time and Recognition of Needs, when the status
quo is starting to unravel and new needs or problems are beginning to emerge (or
early in Recognition of Needs, when minor irritations are beginning to develop into
real dissatisfaction). This stage of the buying process concludes when the problem is
understood and the buying team defines the outcomes they will expect from fixing the
problem
• At the end of Evaluation of Options, when the CLE wants to make sure that the right
decision on a vendor is made.
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 3

6. Selling to the C-Suite
Examining the two involvement points for CLEs in making a major purchase decision leads
experienced sellers to an obvious conclusion: the optimum time to seek and gain entry into the
world of the CLE is early in the buying process. If you don’t engage the CLE at this point then the
research shows that your chances of success lower dramatically.
There are two reasons behind this conclusion:
• CLEs value diagnosis significantly more than hearing about products, services and
solutions. Lower level reports may care about your offerings and be willing to listen to
pitches, but CLEs have no time for such activity. However, they will grant you time if you
can truly help them diagnose a problem or challenge that is hindering their results.
• Since CLEs delegate the task of vetting potential solutions, if you missed the early
opportunity, you will not be able to gain access to the CLE until the end of Evaluation
of Options. You have unfortunately missed the opportunity to shape the problem or
opportunity in your favor.
If you are not able to engage the CLE in Recognition of Needs, then welcome to “vendor purgatory”
where the process, rules and access will be completely controlled by the buying team. You are now
in the world of reactive selling where you and your competitors look shockingly similar to the
buying committee.
4 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

7. Selling to the C-Suite
Most Effective Route to Getting a CLE Audience
Two of the most effective methods for getting a meeting with a CLE are:
• Have the executive call you and request a meeting. This is admittedly said a bit tongue-
in-cheek as the chances of this actually happening are extremely slim. But it does happen,
however infrequently, and when it does you must be prepared to field this inquiry more
professionally and strategically than your competitors.
• Gain access through someone in the firm whom the CLE listens to and respects. This
is the most effective way to get time with a CLE. Cold calling a CLE, references from
executives at other firms and targeted “VITO” letters may work. Sometimes. But the yield
is so shockingly low that they may not be worth the effort.
So how do you gain access to CLEs using internal referrals? Aren’t these people gatekeepers who
try to shield the boss from such meetings? Not necessarily. Far too few salespeople understand
when and how to request access to CLEs in a manner that will stack the deck in their favor. In
fact, research conducted by Huthwaite determined that in strategic sales it is often advantageous to
meet with the CLE’s direct reports first before gaining access to the CLE. In other words, aim high,
but not too high, initially.
Why is it advantageous to meet with the CLE’s direct
reports first? We are not talking about meeting with low- Since CLEs’ schedules are so
level administrators or individual contributors. If you are jammed and tightly guarded,
targeting the C-Level, their direct reports are at the Director
everything that you can learn
and VP levels. These levels have detailed information that
you should get from them in advance of a meeting with about their problems, challenges
their boss, the CLE. Why? Since CLEs’ schedules are and the impact of not changing
so jammed and tightly guarded, everything that you can should be done, if possible, in
learn about their problems, challenges and the impact of
not changing should be done, if possible, in advance of a advance of a meeting.
meeting.
We know that direct access to CLEs is extraordinarily limited. How do you gain access to their
direct reports, the Directors and VPs who are responsible for executing their bosses’ strategies?
Well, let’s first go back to timing. Rather than cast about and treat all prospects equally, your first
step must be to identify the organizations where your solution is likely to help with a strategic
challenge.
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 5

8. Selling to the C-Suite
The research shows that there are three focus points of an entry strategy:
The Focus of Receptivity—a person who’s prepared to listen to you. This contact can be an
excellent source of information and can help you gain access to others.
The Focus of Dissatisfaction—a person who is experiencing problems or difficulties with products
or services for which you have a solution; or who may be willing to listen to an interesting
opportunity.
The Focus of Power—a person who can make the final decision on a purchase.
When you are granted an audience with a Focus of Dissatisfaction (FOD) how do you succeed in
leveraging that meeting to gain access to the C-Suite? First you must determine the stage of the
Buying Cycle that the client is in. If the client is in late Changes over Time/early Recognition of Needs,
you are in the diagnostic stage of the sales process. Your job is to determine the extent and depth
of their problems/opportunities and why it is important to change their current situation. The
absolute imperative at this point is to talk very little about your solutions and focus 90% of your
discussion on the client’s challenges and desired outcomes.
At the end of a meeting with the FOD, ask who would be involved in making a decision for
change and what the process is for supporting a decision of this magnitude in the organization.
Follow up that question, if necessary, to inquire about the funding. Never ask about the funding
first. It makes you look like an amateur because you haven’t yet earned the right. The process is
equally, if not more important.
Most likely, by the time you have had discussions with the FOD, he has named his boss, the
CLE, as the Focus of Power in the decision-making committee. If not, you must inquire—“Philip,
you didn’t mention Ann Bigcheese as part of the decision-making team. In my experience, while
someone at her level is never involved in the details, they are almost always involved in the final
selection and funding of an initiative of this magnitude. Is that true here at XYZ Company?”
Once you are able to confirm that Ms. Bigcheese is interested and involved you can make the move
to request time with her. Here is how you can make this request in a way that will dramatically
increase your chances of securing a meeting with Ms. Bigcheese.
The model for getting time with a CLE requires two key steps. First, you must create the willingness
for your contact, the FOD, to see the strategic value of providing access to his boss. You must
remember that this access is closely guarded and that entry is provided to a select few. In essence
you must build trust with every interaction and prove that the meeting will be valuable and a good
use of precious CLE time.
6 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

9. Selling to the C-Suite
To accomplish this goal you have to invest time and resources to expand the FOD’s understanding
of his company’s challenges and desired state. There are several methods you may employ including
interviews, diagnostic tools, focus groups, needs assessments, etc. The key element is—you need to
make your FOD look good in the eyes of his boss and be prepared to shed new insights on the
company’s strategy, opportunities and challenges. Be certain that there is some level of equanimity
in the relationship. Your FOD should also invest time and provide access during this phase of the
buying process.
Next, you must be able to clearly state the value and outcomes Your chance of securing a
of a meeting with your FOD and Ms. Bigcheese. Be certain meeting with a CLE increases
that you rehearse this request long before making the actual
exponentially when made by a
inquiry. The value of this meeting must be crystal clear to your
FOD because you want him to make the request. Your chance trusted direct report.
of securing a meeting with a CLE increases exponentially when
made by a trusted direct report.
Finally you must be relentless and focused in order to build the trust and strategic value necessary
to gain and maintain access to the CLE. There are three key reasons that your access to a CLE may
be blocked:
1. Your sponsoring FOD is not held in high regard by the CLE. If this is the case, you have
only one choice. You must find another FOD who has right level of respect and influence
and can get you access to the CLE.
2. The buyer has moved beyond Recognition of Needs to Evaluation of Options. In this case your
access will be blocked until the point of choosing a final vendor is imminent. C-Level
executives aren’t in the business of vetting potential suppliers. That is the domain of their
employees. If you find yourself in this unenviable, yet very real, situation your strategy must
be to differentiate at a level which allows you to make it to the finalist round in the selection
process. At this juncture, the CLE will most likely re-insert himself in the decision process.
3. Your sponsor doesn’t trust you. Now, it is very rare indeed that you will ever receive this
feedback directly. You can bet that if a) your prospect is in Recognition of Needs and b) your
sponsor has a positive relationship with the CLE and you are not granted access that trust
is the real reason for this blockage. If this is the case, you will get a litany of excuses that are
nothing more than smokescreens. At this point you must completely overhaul your strategy
and determine how to provide new strategic value and insight to your FOD.
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 7

10. Selling to the C-Suite
The C-Level Sales Interaction
Now that we’ve covered when and how to reach a CLE, let’s explore what you must do when
meeting with a CLE that will dramatically increase your chances of success and keep the door open
in the future.
The CLE call is unlike any other you make and you must be prepared at a level that goes far
beyond ordinary call-planning. Here is the critical knowledge you must have in advance of this
meeting, and some of the sources that provide this information.
Knowledge Sources
• Overall Business Strategy Information: 10K, Analyst Reports, Analyst
• Potential Problems and Opportunities Conference Calls, Web-based intelligence
sources (Hoover’s, Lexis-Nexis, First Research,
etc.)
People: Focus of Receptivity, Focus of
Dissatisfaction, Competitors
• Understanding of the most urgent People: Focus of Dissatisfaction
problems/opportunities facing the CLE’s
business
• Implications of not solving problems or
maximizing opportunities
• The payoffs/outcomes from fixing
problems and/or maximizing opportunities
If you do not have a clear and concise understanding of the information listed above, then you are
not ready for a meeting with a CLE. Some experienced sales professionals may be a bit alarmed at
this point and wonder why you would ever want to engage in a dialogue with direct reports first.
Wouldn’t they just try to block access to the CLE? The simple answer is no, with a caveat. If the
CLE’s direct reports are strategic and talented then they will not block you. If they aren’t strategic
and talented, then you may not want to do business with this executive anyway. Since a CLE is
rarely, if ever, intimately involved in the implementation of any solution, you will have to rely on
his direct reports for a successful implementation. If they are not talented and capable you are in
trouble. Better to know this information sooner rather than later.
8 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

11. Selling to the C-Suite
Alright, you’re invited to meet with CLE and three VPs next week. Is there a successful road map
and agenda for this type of meeting? Yes, always. In the first three minutes of the meeting, you
must impress everyone in the room, especially the CLE, or you’re dead. It’s over, finito. A solid,
strategic agenda delivered with poise and confidence will ensure that you get off to a smashing
start. Here is the agenda you should follow for a meeting when a CLE is in the Recognition of Needs
phase of the Buying Cycle:
• Business Issues facing the company
• Challenges/Opportunities
• Your Diagnosis/insight
• Capabilities to drive improvement
• Solution components/expertise
• Next steps
The execution of this meeting is extraordinarily critical. Your Focus of Dissatisfaction should coach
you on the development of key talking points, but he can’t let you move significantly from the
agenda laid out above. Why, because Huthwaite’s research reveals that CLEs in Recognition of Needs
want you to prove that you:
• Have done your homework
• Know the problems/opportunities facing their company
• Know the problems/opportunities facing their area/operation
• Can reveal something that they didn’t know about their business (in a non-threatening
manner)
• Have the capabilities to help the CLE execute his strategy
• Have done this before and are capable of doing it again
Success depends upon your ability to engage the
CLE in a dialogue and gain additional insight and
If you arrive and already know the
perspective that is resident only with and closely
guarded by the CLE. Why do I say closely guarded? problems and opportunities and the
CLEs like to discuss success, results and strategy to resultant impact of not changing,
drive more of the same. They do not like to discuss
then you are in absolutely
problems, implications and potential failure. If you
arrive at this meeting ready to dig in and develop outstanding shape and undoubtedly
pain when this information was available through far ahead of your competition.
other sources (think Focus of Dissatisfaction), then
you will most certainly not be asked to come back.
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 9

12. Selling to the C-Suite
However, if you arrive and already know the problems and opportunities and the resultant impact
of not changing, then you are in absolutely outstanding shape and undoubtedly far ahead of your
competition. It is in this portion of the call that you highlight your knowledge of your prospect’s
problems/opportunities and can hopefully reveal something new, or shed a new light on something
with which the CLE is familiar.
Your mission now is to ask the CLE to react to your diagnosis of the business—to affirm or refute
the problems/challenges he faces and expand upon the impact of those problems/challenges. If
you gain agreement in this area and more than one problem/challenge exists then you must ask
the CLE to rank them in order of importance.
At this point, the CLE is confident that you know his business, you have developed a thorough
understanding of the implications of not making any changes, and you have provided a non-
threatening platform for the CLE to react to your diagnosis and add his extremely valuable
perspective. Now we arrive at another critical juncture.
The next step in the meeting is to ask the CLE to describe the payoff and improvements he expects
from fixing these problems and/or maximizing opportunities. The goal of these questions is to get
the CLE to describe what improvement will do for his strategy and business. Always plan these
questions in advance and be certain that they sound informed, positive and natural.
After you have uncovered the payoffs that the CLE would expect from addressing a problem/
opportunity, the next step is to provide a brief overview describing your capabilities and how they
would help the CLE attain his desired state. The goal is not to deliver a detailed proposal but to
provide enough detail to:
• Demonstrate that you have the capabilities to help the CLE address a problem/
opportunity and more effectively execute his strategy.
• Get some high-level feedback from the CLE that helps you develop and shape your
solution proposal/presentation.
If you cover this much ground in your meeting, consider yourself the epitome of professionalism
and success. The next question you need to ask relates to the process the company will follow in
making a major purchase decision. The best way to posit this question is to be brief, direct and
customer-focused. For example, you might ask, “in order to be sure that I’m working with your
team in the most effective manner, would you please advise me on the process you normally follow
when making strategic purchase decisions like this one?” The key is to get the CLE talking which
allows you to ask additional questions so you obtain a clear understanding of the process.
10 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

13. Selling to the C-Suite
Once you know the process, then the next and final step for this meeting is to understand how
the prospect organization will go about the task of making a choice between competing vendors.
In essence, you need to understand which differentiators will inform and guide the prospect’s
decision process. These differentiators, or decision criteria, will provide the insight necessary to
lead your sales campaign to a successful conclusion.
This critical step is almost always ignored, even by some very experienced sellers. If you sell an
offering that is not a routine purchase, then your buyer most likely doesn’t have the requisite
experience to make an intelligent, informed decision. In fact, you can be assured that the CLE
and his team are quite concerned that they will make the wrong decision due to incorrect or
incomplete criteria.
If time doesn’t allow you to cover this critical topic with the CLE, then be certain to gather as
much of this information as possible from the CLE’s direct reports after the meeting and prepare
to confirm and build upon what you’ve learned in the next meeting with the CLE.
Selling in the C-Suite is the most coveted of all selling opportunities. Please understand that if you
take the steps outlined above, your chances for success at the C-Level improve dramatically. But
there is no silver bullet. You must work hard and follow a process. Good luck!
©2007 Huthwaite, Inc. 11

14. Selling to the C-Suite
12 ©2007 Huthwaite, Inc.

15. Huthwaite is the world’s leading sales performance improvement organization. Founded on
scientifically validated behavioral research, our methodologies—which include the internationally
renowned SPIN® Selling—guarantee sales success. Huthwaite assesses your organization’s needs and
develops customized sales performance improvement and coaching programs that drive real business
results.
Huthwaite…Creators of SPIN® Selling.

16. *2100-M00080/1*
2100-M00080 v.02
901 North Glebe Road Suite 200 Arlington, VA 22203 Phone: 703-467-3800 Fax: 703-467-3801 www.huthwaite.com