1. CHAPTER 2 The Structure of the Atom

2. What is a matter?

3. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space .

4. Can you define the word ‘mass’?

5. Mass The mass of an object is the amount of matter the object contains.

6. A golf ball has a greater mass than a tennis ball . The golf ball, therefore, contains more matter.

7. What is matter made up of ?

8. Matter Particles Ions Molecules Atoms is the smallest neutral particles in an element For example : Copper, Cu, Oxygen, O are neutral particles made up of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements Oxygen gas, O 2 Carbon dioxide gas, CO 2 Ions are particles which are positively or negatively charged +ve ions  cations, -ve ions  anions + -

13. Diffusion of particles in a gas, liquid and solid

15. The particles in a liquid can move about and slide past each other. They are still close together but are not in a fixed pattern. The forces that hold them together are weaker than in a solid.

16. The particles in a gas are far apart, and they move about very quickly. There are almost no forces holding them together. They collide with each other and bounce off in all directions.

17. Solid Liquid Gas Melting Freezing Boiling/ Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Sublimation

23. Determining the melting point of acetamide Heating of acetamide 3 spatula of acetamide are placed in a boiling tube A 250 ml beaker is filled with water and then placed on a tripod stand The boiling tube is clamped in the beaker and make sure the acetamide is below the water level of the water bath The water bath is heated until reach a temperature about 65 0 C, a stop watch is started and the water is then heated with a low flame The temperature of acetamide is recorded at 30 s intervals until 90 0 C. Make sure the acetamide is stirred continuously during the experiment The result are recorded in a table Cooling of acetamide The boiling tube id removed from the hot water bath using test tube holder It id immediately transferred into a conical flask to be cooled slowly and then the stop watch is started The temperature is recorded at 30 s intervals until 70 0 C Make sure the acetamide is stirred continuously during the experiment The result are recorded in a table