Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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levouge777

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OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY #surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #opencholecystectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor Dear viewers, • Greetings from “Surgical Educator” • Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries. • I have already uploaded videos on open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, Thyroidectomy and Modified Radical Mastectomy. • In this video today, I have discussed Open Cholecystectomy. • However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery. • Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful. • This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links: • surgicaleducator.blogspot.com • youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator • Thank you for watching the videos.

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1. Open Cholecystectomy v/s Laparoscopic cholecystectomy - Gallbladder Stone Surgery 2. Introduction - Gallstones are a common occurrence in northern India. However, this trend is now showing pa 3. n India presence probably because of migration and blending of cultures and lifestyle. As many as 16% and 29% of women above the age of 40-49 years and 50-59 years, respectively, had gall stones. For every patient with symptomatic gallstone disease there are many more with asymptomatic gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now replaced open cholecystectomy as the first-choice of treatment for gallbladder stone and inflammation of the gallbladder. 4. Open Cholecystectomy - Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed abdominal surgical procedures. The laparoscopic approach is preferred due to documented physiologic, economic, and cosmetic benefits compared with the open approach. However, when laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not possible or cannot be completed safely, open cholecystectomy is indicated. Open cholecystectomy may also be performed as an integral part of another operation (eg, pancreaticoduodenectomy) or incidentally, if indicated, during another gastrointestinal operation (eg, colon resection). 5. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy - Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed abdominal surgical procedures, and in developed countries many are performed laparoscopically. As an example, 90 percent of cholecystectomies in the United States are performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the "gold standard" for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. This procedure results in less postoperative pain, better cosmetics, and shorter hospital stays and disability from work than open cholecystectomy [2-8]. However, the overall serious complication rate in laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains higher than that seen in open cholecystectomy. 6. Risks & Complications - The risk of complications is very low, however, potential risks might include: - Bleeding, Infection, Common bile duct injury, Minor shoulder pain (from the carbon dioxide gas), Bile leakage. 7. Benefits: - Less discomfort than regular surgery, Shorter hospital stay, with a quicker recovery time compared to regular (open) surgery, Smaller scars than regular surgery. 8. Consult us for Gallbladder Stone Treatment - For Appointment Call 079-29703438 Or Visit :- www.drchiragthakkar.com

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Comments: Excellent paper. It’s obvious that you put quite a bit of work into this. Unfortunately, your paper needs adequate citations in the body of the text to meet our standards on plagiarism. You need to cite each textbook from your bibliography whenever you quote or use some information from the textbook or other resource. For example, writing (Jones 285) after the quote or information used means that you got it from the book whose author was Jones and the info came from page 285. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a procedure in which laparoscopic techniques remove the gallbladder. It is the standard of care for symptomatic gallbladder disease, of which most are performed for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Other indications include acute cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, and gallstone pancreatitis. Describe the reasons a patient might have the selected surgical procedure The typical reason a cholecystectomy is a treatment of choice is inflammatory changes of gallbladder or blockage of bile flow by gallstones. Symptomatic cholelithiasis is the most common reason where gallstones in the gallbladder are blocking the bile flow and cause inflammation. The patient usually complains of episodic epigastric pain and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right shoulder. This pain is found to occur several hours after heavy meals and the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, bloating, fever, and right upper quadrant tenderness. Another condition is acute cholecystitis, where inflammation and symptoms are more prominent. The patient may have a fever, constant pain, positive Murphy's sign, or leukocytosis. Acute cholecystitis may be caused by calculous biliary tract disease with confirmed gallstones in the abdominal US. Acute acalculous cholecystitis usually occurs in critically ill patients, those with prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and some immunosuppressed patients. Patients with episodes of right upper quadrant pain (which are ‘classic' for biliary pain without evidence of cholelithiasis of US or ERCP) may also be referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstone pancreatitis (when small stones pass through the cystic duct) confirmed by cholangiography is another indication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Describe the reasons a patient might be disqualified for this surgery and the options for the patient if any A patient might be excluded for laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute general conditions that are a contraindication for any surgery such as an acute cardiac failure, uncontrolled hypertension, acute renal failure, pneumonia, etc. The condition should be treated by a primary care provider or specialist and the patient should be stable prior surgery. Additional contraindications may include the inability to tolerate general anesthesia, significant portal hypertension, uncorrectable coagulopathy, and multiple prior operations. List the diagnostic tests and lab work that an attending surgeon might order and desc.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx

Swetaba Besh

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.pptx

Swetaba Besh

Step into the captivating realm of cardiovascular physiology as Dr. Faiza, an esteemed Assistant Professor of Physiology, unravels the intricacies of recording an electrocardiogram (ECG). In this illuminating lecture, students are guided through the fundamental principles of ECG interpretation, from lead systems and electrode placement to the analysis of waves, segments, and intervals. Beginning with an exploration of the twelve-lead system, Dr. Faiza elucidates the significance of bipolar limb leads (I, II, III), unipolar limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF), and unipolar chest leads (V1-V6). Through mnemonic aids and clinical anecdotes, students gain a comprehensive understanding of lead placement techniques, enabling them to navigate the complexities of ECG recording with confidence and precision. As the lecture unfolds, Dr. Faiza delves into the nuances of ECG interpretation, empowering students to correlate ECG findings with electrophysiological events in the cardiac cycle. With a focus on waveform morphology and rhythm analysis, students learn to determine heart rate, rhythm, and axis deviation, deciphering the electrocardiographic manifestations of various cardiac pathologies and physiological states. Moreover, the lecture explores the normal waves, segments, and intervals of an ECG, providing students with a detailed roadmap for interpreting these essential components. From the P wave to the T wave, students gain insight into the voltage, duration, and clinical significance of each waveform, equipping them with the skills to identify aberrations and anomalies in ECG tracings. Enriched with clinical pearls and practical tips, this lecture serves as a cornerstone for students embarking on their journey into cardiovascular medicine. By demystifying the art of ECG interpretation, Dr. Faiza empowers students to harness the power of this diagnostic tool in clinical practice, fostering a deeper appreciation for the intricate interplay between electrical activity and cardiac function.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) physiological basis .pdf

MedicoseAcademics

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In this captivating lecture, Dr. Faiza, an esteemed Assistant Professor of Physiology, embarks on a comprehensive journey into the multifaceted realm of local blood flow regulation. With meticulous detail and clarity, she unravels the intricate mechanisms that govern the dynamic balance between tissue perfusion and vascular resistance, shedding light on both acute and chronic aspects of blood flow control. Beginning with an exploration of acute influences, Dr. Faiza elucidates how physiological factors such as metabolic demand, myogenic responses, and autoregulatory mechanisms orchestrate rapid adjustments in local blood flow. Students gain insight into the vasodilator theory, which elucidates the role of metabolic byproducts and vasoactive metabolites in promoting vasodilation, alongside the oxygen demand theory, which underscores the interplay between tissue oxygenation and nutrient demand. Delving deeper, the lecture delves into the fascinating realm of humoral control, where hormones and vasoactive substances wield significant influence over vascular tone. Dr. Faiza navigates through the intricacies of endothelial-derived factors like nitric oxide (NO) and histamine, alongside hormonal regulators such as angiotensin II and vasopressin. Through vivid explanations and illustrative examples, she unveils the intricate dance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction orchestrated by these biochemical messengers. Moreover, the lecture extends its gaze to the extrinsic control of blood flow, where sympathetic innervation exerts a profound impact on vascular dynamics. Dr. Faiza elucidates the role of sympathetic tone in modulating vascular resistance, highlighting its implications in diverse physiological and pathological scenarios. From skin perfusion to coronary circulation, students gain a nuanced understanding of how neural inputs shape local blood flow patterns. Enriched with clinical insights and contemporary research findings, this lecture equips students with a holistic understanding of blood flow regulation. By exploring concepts like active and reactive hyperemia, vascular remodeling, and collateral circulation, Dr. Faiza fosters a deeper appreciation for the adaptive responses of the cardiovascular system to changing physiological demands and pathological insults.

Control of Local Blood Flow: acute and chronic

MedicoseAcademics