3. Slavery in the United States 3/5 Compromise - Fugitive Slave Act – Missouri Compromise -
4. Root Causes of the Civil War – Group Roles Big Picture: what was the main issue? Where did each section stand on the issue? Major Change: What was the trigger that set off the South in this issue?
8. Songs at Work in North and South Factory (North): 1836 Song Lyrics Sung by Protesting Workers at Lowell:Oh! isn't it a pity, such a pretty girl as IShould be sent to the factory to pine away and die?Oh! I cannot be a slave, I will not be a slave,For I'm so fond of liberty,That I cannot be a slave. Plantation (South): Go Down Moses (traditional spiritual):When Israel was in Egypt's Land:Let my people go.Oppress'd so hard they could not stand,Let my people go Refrain: Go down Moses'way down in Egypt's landTell ol' Pharaoh,Let my peoples go.
14. Popular Sovereignty Popular = What most people want/like Sovereign – to rule What would popular sovereignty mean?
15. Compromise of 1850 Main Points of Compromise: Later passed in 5 separate parts, too hard to pass as one No more Slave trade in DC (but slaves were not illegal) California = free state Territory East of CA = 2 territories (NM and Utah) and were open to slave holders and non slave holders – popular sovereignty would decide if free or slave TX given $10 million to give up land to West and cut back slave land Fugitive Slave Law – runaway slaves must be returned to their masters if found
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17. Fugitive Slave Act Aka: “man-stealing Act” Giving help to escaping slaves (food, shelter, etc) = federal crime $1000 fine, 6 mo. Jail, even death: often, Right to trial ignored Bounty system - Encouraged some people to turn in slaves who were legally freed.
18. Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglass – (senator from IL) wanted to make 2 new territories, KS and NE, hoped the transcontinental RR would end up there OVERTURNED MISSOURI COMPROMISE! Opens territory north of Missouri line POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY! - Says that people in those states will vote on if their state will be free or slave Abolitionists and Pro-slavery people rush to settle the territory in hopes that their side will win
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20. Bleeding Kansas – What’s wrong with this picture? West: death runs riot – safari video – Struggle for Kansas – 9 min
21. Question: FACTS: Drinking alcohol under the age of 21 is illegal in the United States Other countries in Europe do not have a drinking age. If you go to Europe, could you drink an alcoholic beverage, even though you are an American? If you buy alcohol while on a vacation in Europe, and you are not 21, can you bring it into the United States when you come home?
22. President in 1856 Stephen Douglass and current president Franklin Pierce were both involved in a lot of controversy because of the Kansas Nebraska Act (ALL DEMOCRATS) James Buchannan had been away in Europe as an ambassador, and so he made a good candidate for president When he arrived home, he was elected president, at his inaugural speech he said, The question of slavery, “belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled.
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24. Scott was taken all over the United States with his owner, and had lived in Minnesota (a free state) for 2 years.
31. The Supreme Court Chief Justice had recently freed his own slaves, but believed slavery was critical to the success of America This is Dred Scott. Does he look like a “slave?”
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33. Each Supreme Court Justice wrote their own opinion – there are usually only 1 or 2
34. Chief Justice said: no black man is a citizen, can not bring a case before a court – Congress never had the right to ban slavery because it deprived people of Life, liberty and property.
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36. Douglass was a major Senator – from Illinois and Abraham Lincoln was challenging him to be a senator (Lincoln was currently in HR)
37. Debates were vicious – yelling, questioning, screaming, physical fighting by spectators,
49. John Wilkes Booth at his hanging“I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had as I know think the vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed, it might be done.” --from the note Brown left from Death Row
51. Election of 1860 Democrats – Selected Stephen Douglass to run Southern Dem – left the convention and elected John Breckinridge – who favored States Rights (ie Slavery) Republicans – Selected Lincoln to run Lincoln won – BUT…he would have lost if the Democrats didn’t have 2 candidates Lincoln’s name was even left off some ballots in the South
52. The South leaves the Union South was devastated that Lincoln won First state to leave was South Carolina – 1860 6 other states followed: GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX But none of these states voted to leave the Union This was decided by their state houses of government --sometimes less than 700 people in the state voted, and only 500 voted to leave the Union. “We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America is dissolved…” --From South Carolina’s “Declaration for the Causes of Secession” 1860
53. Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy On the way to his inauguration, Lincoln finds out Davis is president of Confederacy Davis way more qualified than Lincoln: Member of HR – and Senate Former Sec. of War Soldier and West Point Graduate Not really elected as President, more just appointed by some high ranking Southern politicians – later popularly elected to a 6 yr. term (married to Zachary Taylor’s daughter), Plantation owner – who treated slaves relatively well Sent delegates to talk to Lincoln’s cabinet about secession – didn’t go well
54. Why did the South Secede? STATES RIGHTS!!!! They thought states had the right to choose to be free or save and they weren’t getting that choice They felt bullied by the North They wanted to preserve their way of life, the North was moving forward
55. Jefferson Davis/Lincoln You can not transform the negro into anything one-tenth as useful or as good as what slavery enables them to be. –Davis I will only hold, occupy, and possess installations still under federal control in the Confederacy. --Lincoln
57. Relationships During the Civil War Families against families Colleagues against Colleagues Students against teachers Friends against friends For example…Pierre Beauregard and Robert Anderson
58. Shots fired at Fort Sumter Sumter located off the coast of SC, built during War of 1812, Only 6 weeks left of supplies Lincoln said he would not provoke an attack by the South, but that he would “hold, occupy, and possess” Federal structures in the South South appoints Beauregard, (graduated second in his class, studied artillery under the man now head of Ft. Sumter) Two smaller forts had been captured already by the South (Buchannan did nothing to stop them) Lincoln decided to send more supplies, and let the Gov. of SC know they were on their way
59. Sumter Cont. Gen. at Sumter said he would leave on April 15, but on April 12, first shots fired by Confederacy – surrendered on April 13, no causalities Lincoln asked for 75,000 Union army volunteers for 3 months to fight Confederacy, this prompted 4 more states to succeed.
60. Robert E. Lee and the Army From one of Virginia’s most influential families, had family members at Constitutional Convention, sign the Dec of Independence, and an ambassador to France during the Revolution, dad in Washington’s Army, graduated 2nd at West Point, married Martha Washington’s granddaughter Stopped John Brown at Harpers Ferry Torn between duty and home - didn’t know if he should stay in the US Army or fight for the Confederacy First loyal to Virginia, then to US One of the best generals in World History Tomb at Washington –Lee University in Lexington, VA Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less. --Lee
61. Bull Run First major campaign of the Civil War – July 21, 1861 OBJ: Union march to Richmond Virginia and take over the Confederate capital Problem: both sides very inexperienced Union marched south, initially winning, but eventually pushed back by Confederacy Confederate soldiers, AKA Rebels, started the “Rebel Yell” scream, scared Union Soldiers who retreated to the North Both sides too tired to keep fighting – General Thomas Jackson (Conf) stood tall, didn’t waver, became known as Stonewall Jackson Confederate Victory Union casualties and losses: 2,896 (406 deaths, 1,124 wounded 1,312 captured or missing) Confederate casualties and losses: 1, 982 (387 deaths, 1582 wounded 13 missing) No! not that kind of Bull Run – the North named battles after water – the South named battles after Landmarks – they knew the territory better
62. After Bull Run Union freaked out, realized this would be harder than expected Lincoln order a blockade on Southern ports North won some small battles Battle of Shiloh – 20,000 deaths total (both sides) but Union barely won South wins at Richmond
63. Union Changes Generals Round 1 McClellan gets replaced by Pope, then Pope gets replaced by McClellan Burnside will eventually get replaced by Hooker
64. Antietam(Sharpsburg) Here is a paper with which, if I can not whip Bobby Lee, I will be willing to go home. --McClellan Sept. 17, 1862 - To this day, the bloodiest day ever fought by American Soldiers – South started winning – ready to go on the offensive – Jefferson Davis ordered Gen. Lee to march on Maryland– hoped to win and eventually get help from France and GB Lee took troops to MD – McCellan took 80,000 Union troops too – Union found Lee’s orders in the fields – knew exactly where Conf. troops were and their plans Union - 12,401(2,108 killed 9,540 wounded 753 captured/missing) - Confederacy - 10,316(1,546 killed 7,752 wounded 1,018 captured/missing) - South retreats Union Victory But Lincoln ordered McClellen to follow Confederacy and attack again – he didn’t – HE COULD HAVE ENDEd THE WAR THEN, BUT DIDN’!! This battle lead Lincoln to start taking action against slavery – Set for Emancipation The Civil War: Forever Free - Safari
65. EMAIL ME YOUR FINAL PROJECT: harjungl@parkhill.k12.mo.us Worth 25 points total Newspaper Article Objective: to create the front page of a newspaper headlining the Battle at Antietam. How: use notes from class, your text book (pg 471-472/492-3), or www.nps.gov/anti for information about the battle You MUST Include the following things in your article: Newspaper title (there would be a big difference between a newspaper in NY and a news paper in VA) Date Headline Byline Picture 3 paragraph article that includes the Who, what, when, where, and whys of the battle – make sure all of your paragraphs are strong hamburger format
67. BAV = Emancipate To free; to release; to let go Synonym or antonym: Capture Liberate Untie Hold
68. Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln wanted to free slaves, but waited until he knew that the North was stable After Antietam, decided timing was right Made a speech – 9/22/18963 – Signed 1/1/1863 What did it do? “all persons held as slaves within any state in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”
69. Did it work? Only applied to the Confederacy – so it didn’t actually free anyone – North couldn’t enforce it Some freed slaves came to north to fight in the army/navy Led to the 13th Amendment – passed in 1864 – But – majority of African Americans in the South were still slaves South did not get help from France/GB http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2c_BvVBd-Q&feature=related
70. Problems in the Union Northern Republicans split over Lincoln’s policies - Some helped the South Lincoln did not always acknowledge some basic human rights Draft – March 1863 (hire substitute or pay $300) Borrowed $, taxes, Inflation (prices go up more than value of the dollar) Fired Burnside, replaced with Hooker, fired Hooker before Gettysburg Overall, North factories and RR did well, made $
71. Problems in the Confederacy Draft in 1862 – not enough volunteers(but you could hire a substitute) Battles in South – ruined farmland Blockade closed trade ports – lost $ Inflation – prices rose 9000% (only rose 80% in N) Men deserted the Army
72. Gettysburg July 1-4, 1863 Lee moved North with 75,000 troops Meade (north) was to find Lee and protect DC and Baltimore from attack Met by accident at Gettysburg, PA Battle lasted 3 days Union Victory – Union - 23,055 (3,155 killed 14,531 wounded 5,369 captured/missing) Confederacy: 23,231(4,708 killed 12,693 wounded 5,830 captured/missing) Significance: last major battle for the Confederacy to loose – major turning point for the North
73. Gettysburg Address “It is for us the living…to be here dedicated to this great task remaining before us…that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” --Abraham Lincoln
74. Vicksburg Ulysses S. Grant – led troops for the North at Vicksburg May 18-July 4, 1863 (happened the same time as Gettysburg) Union casulaities: 4,835 Confederacy casualities: 32,697 (29,495 surrendered) Significance: Union won Control of the Mississippi River, one of the last major resources the South had – cut the south in half, not able to function
76. Appomattox “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” –Robert E. Lee Lee’s troops surrounded - lose at the battle at Richmond to Grant Lee realizes he must surrender – April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house in VA Grant is generous – lets them keep horses, sends soldiers home, orders food for Lee’s troops Jefferson Davis Captured on May 10 – war finally over
77. What do we do now? How should they put the United States back together again? What were some of the consequences of the civil war? LT #16
80. What is Reconstruction? 1865-1877 U.S. needed to be put back together – reconstruction are the different plans and ways that actually happened Who should be punished? What rights should African Americans have? Should the South have help financially?
81. Wade-Davis Bill Idea for reconstruction – but Lincoln didn’t sign it – NOT made a law Majority of all white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the US State Constitution written by men who did not fight against the North Confederates could not hold office New state constitution must abolish slavery
82. Lincoln Assassinated 5 days after Lee surrendered At Ford theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth Booth ran away, was caught 12 days later, shot to death Part of a conspiracy to kill U.S. leaders – 4 others hanged and 4 imprisoned This was devistating to people in the Union, and those in the South who worried about how Andrew Johnson would handle it …
84. Post Lincoln Andrew Johnson becomes president – plan called “restoration” Wanted to punish slaveholders, didn’t care about helping former slaves Didn’t give African Am. the right to vote, “white men alone must manage the South” Impeached for firing a member of his cabinet without the approval of Congress, he didn’t follow checks and balances.
85. Reconstruction Act of 1867 Once states passed the 13th and 14th amendments, they were able to begin to be readmitted into the union Submit new state constitution, vote, military districts, etc. Tenure of Office Act (1867)– president can not remove anyone from Cabinet w/o Senate’s approval Johnson fired Secretary of War when Congress was not in session, they did not approve – Johnson removed him anyway HR accused him of misconduct – trial by the Senate – 35 – 19, not formally convicted. Never actually removed from office Election of 1868 – Ulysses S. Grant wins
86. Life for African Americans Literacy Test – Poll Tax – Tenant Farming – Jim Crowe Laws – Freedman’s Bureau – Black Code – Scalawaygs and Carpetbaggers – Amnesty Act –
