1. Effects of
Industrialization

2. Vocabulary Term Review
Cottage Industry – a method of producing
goods using skilled labor from workers at
their homes.
Assembly Line – a method of dividing the
work of producing goods into individual tasks
that can be done by unskilled workers using
machines/tools.
Industrialization – the process of using
machines and factories to produce goods.

3. Growth of Cities
Before the Industrial
Revolution most people
lived in the country.
People began moving to
cities for the new jobs
available in factories.
The movement of people
to cities is known as
urbanization.

4. Living Conditions
The cities were not
prepared for all the
people that moved to
them.
There were not
enough houses, police
officers, or sewage
systems to
accommodate all the
people.

5. Working Conditions
Factory owners
wanted to make lots
of money, so they
had people work
14+ hours a day, 6
days a week.
Workers had to keep
up with the
dangerous machines
in unsafe conditions.

6. Class Tensions
 As more poor people
moved into cities, rich
people moved out.
 There became a greater
divide between the rich
and the poor.
 A new middle class
began to emerge.
 The middle class was
made up of skilled
workers and
professionals who had a
higher standard of
living.

7. Traditional Upper Class:
Wealthy Landowners
New Upper Class: Factory
owners, entrepreneurs
Upper Middle Class:
Doctors, Lawyers, Governmen
t employees
Middle Class:
Professionals, businesspeople,
farmers
Lower Middle Class: Factory
overseers, toolmakers,
mechanics and other skilled
workers
Lower Class: Factory
workers who lived in the
cities, poor tenant farmers

8. Effects of Industrialization –
Size of Cities
Size of cities
increased.
Factories and new
cities developed
near a natural
resource.
New industrial cities
emerged that
specialized in a
certain type of
industry.

9. Effects of Industrialization –
Living Conditions
No sanitary codes
or building
control.
Lack of resources
for the people.
Frequent sickness
spread.

10. Effects of Industrialization –
Working Conditions
Industrialization created
many new unskilled
labor jobs.
Workers had long hours,
dangerous conditions,
and little pay.
Many skilled workers in
the cottage industry lost
their jobs.

11. Effects of Industrialization –
Social Classes
Higher standard
of living for the
newly emerging
middle class.
Greater poverty
in the cities.