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Por Denise Tonetta
 304 milhões de lagos estimados 
 277 milhões de lagos até 0,01 km2 
 Cobrem3% da superfície continental 
(Downing et al. 2006)
Processos envolvendo o Carbono: 
Altamente energético 
O Carbono está em tudo! 
Produção primária 
Respiração 
Decomposição
Ciclo do CARBONO 
(Cole et al., 2007)
A quantidade de carbono no planeta permanece 
relativamente constante mas estamos mudando as 
suas formas e quantidades de carbono líquido / 
sólido / gás 
(Cole et al., 2007; 
Tranvik et al., 2009)
Entrada direta de CO2 
Algumas vias de entrada, saída e processamento de carbono em lagos e lagoas 
costeiras. Fonte: http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/noticias/2011/01/lagos-e-rios-no-ciclo- 
de-carbono
Integrando ambientes terrestres e 
aquáticos
Integrando ambientes terrestres e 
aquáticos 
Qual é o budget???
By complete budget, we mean measures of: 
(1) the major allochthonous inputs from surface water, 
groundwater groundwater, and atmospheric 
deposition; 
(2) losses due to outflow, sediment burial; 
(3) autochthonous primary production and ecosystem 
respiration. 
These are the minimum fluxes needed for OC budgets to 
place lakes in a larger landscape context.
Porque é difícil obter o budget? 
• Entradas são variáveis no tempo e no espaço 
• Entradas difusivas do ambiente terrestre são 
difíceis de medir 
• Processos internos são variáveis no tempo e 
no espaço 
• Heterogeneidade do sedimento
Experiência na ESEC Seridó – Natal, RN 
• PP e R na coluna d’água 
• Variação diária do OD na coluna d’água 
• Carbono no sedimento 
• Emissão de CO2 e CH4 
Modelos!!!!! 
Parâmetros 
básicos
Mudanças de metodologias 
Carbono radioativo Isótopos do Carbono/Oxigênio
Ten unasnwered questions: 
• Lakes at the interface 
• Internal cycling and lakes as sinks 
• Lakes within changing climate and changing 
landscapes
Q1: What are the Allochthonous Loads to 
Lakes, How are They Partitioned Among 
Sources, and How are Loads Driven by Events? 
Q2: How does Control over Gas Exchange Vary 
by Lake and What are the Underlying Physical 
Factors Governing the Differences? 
Q3: How Does the Source of Allochthonous OC 
That is Loaded (That is, Fluvial OC, Leaf Fall, 
Peat Pore Water, and So on) Determine Its Fate 
in Lakes? 
Q4: Do the Estimated Fates for Allochthonous 
OC Match Estimates of External Loads? 
Q5: What are OC Respiration Rates for Lake 
Ecosystems? Q6: What Controls Burial Rates of OC, and 
What are the Origins of Buried OC?
Q8: How is OC Cycling Coupled with Nutrients, 
Such As Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N), and 
Do the Interactions Change Across Trophic 
States? 
Q9: What are the Key Gradients over Which to 
Study Lake OC Cycling? 
Q10: How will Changing Land Use and Climate 
Alter Lake OC Cycling? 
Q7: What are the Relative Concentrations of 
OC Derived from Internal Net Primary 
Production (NPP) Versus Allochthonous OC 
Loading to Budgets and to Aquatic Consumers?
Contributions to Ecosystem Science 
• Individual lakes 
• Lake-rich regions 
• Globe 
Long term changes in lake OC processes 
Nitrogênio e Fósforo 
Estratégias de 
gerenciamento da 
eutrofização
Integrando ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no ciclo do carbono

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Integrando ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no ciclo do carbono

  • 2.
  • 3.  304 milhões de lagos estimados  277 milhões de lagos até 0,01 km2  Cobrem3% da superfície continental (Downing et al. 2006)
  • 4. Processos envolvendo o Carbono: Altamente energético O Carbono está em tudo! Produção primária Respiração Decomposição
  • 5. Ciclo do CARBONO (Cole et al., 2007)
  • 6. A quantidade de carbono no planeta permanece relativamente constante mas estamos mudando as suas formas e quantidades de carbono líquido / sólido / gás (Cole et al., 2007; Tranvik et al., 2009)
  • 7.
  • 8. Entrada direta de CO2 Algumas vias de entrada, saída e processamento de carbono em lagos e lagoas costeiras. Fonte: http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/noticias/2011/01/lagos-e-rios-no-ciclo- de-carbono
  • 10. Integrando ambientes terrestres e aquáticos Qual é o budget???
  • 11. By complete budget, we mean measures of: (1) the major allochthonous inputs from surface water, groundwater groundwater, and atmospheric deposition; (2) losses due to outflow, sediment burial; (3) autochthonous primary production and ecosystem respiration. These are the minimum fluxes needed for OC budgets to place lakes in a larger landscape context.
  • 12. Porque é difícil obter o budget? • Entradas são variáveis no tempo e no espaço • Entradas difusivas do ambiente terrestre são difíceis de medir • Processos internos são variáveis no tempo e no espaço • Heterogeneidade do sedimento
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Experiência na ESEC Seridó – Natal, RN • PP e R na coluna d’água • Variação diária do OD na coluna d’água • Carbono no sedimento • Emissão de CO2 e CH4 Modelos!!!!! Parâmetros básicos
  • 16. Mudanças de metodologias Carbono radioativo Isótopos do Carbono/Oxigênio
  • 17. Ten unasnwered questions: • Lakes at the interface • Internal cycling and lakes as sinks • Lakes within changing climate and changing landscapes
  • 18. Q1: What are the Allochthonous Loads to Lakes, How are They Partitioned Among Sources, and How are Loads Driven by Events? Q2: How does Control over Gas Exchange Vary by Lake and What are the Underlying Physical Factors Governing the Differences? Q3: How Does the Source of Allochthonous OC That is Loaded (That is, Fluvial OC, Leaf Fall, Peat Pore Water, and So on) Determine Its Fate in Lakes? Q4: Do the Estimated Fates for Allochthonous OC Match Estimates of External Loads? Q5: What are OC Respiration Rates for Lake Ecosystems? Q6: What Controls Burial Rates of OC, and What are the Origins of Buried OC?
  • 19. Q8: How is OC Cycling Coupled with Nutrients, Such As Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N), and Do the Interactions Change Across Trophic States? Q9: What are the Key Gradients over Which to Study Lake OC Cycling? Q10: How will Changing Land Use and Climate Alter Lake OC Cycling? Q7: What are the Relative Concentrations of OC Derived from Internal Net Primary Production (NPP) Versus Allochthonous OC Loading to Budgets and to Aquatic Consumers?
  • 20. Contributions to Ecosystem Science • Individual lakes • Lake-rich regions • Globe Long term changes in lake OC processes Nitrogênio e Fósforo Estratégias de gerenciamento da eutrofização