From Web Accessibility 2.0 to Web Adaptability (1.0)

From Web Accessibility 2.0 to Web Adaptability (1.0) Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath, UK UKOLN is supported by: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/ozewai-2009/ This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat) Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Tag for del.icio.us ‘ ozewai-2009 ' Email: [email_address] Twitter: http://twitter.com/briankelly/ Blog: http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/

A Fairy Tale for the C21 st ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],One little boy pointed out the truth. The magic doesn’t work. Today you will hear what the boy had to say!

About Me ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Introduction

About My Past – 1997-8 ,[object Object],[object Object]

About My Past – 1999-2000 ,[object Object]

About My Past – 2000-02 ,[object Object],[object Object]

The WAI Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Magic Formulae WAI Approach

Limitations Of The Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is there a plan B in case this model fails to ever take off? Is it desirable to base legal requirements on an unproven theoretical framework? WAI Approach

WCAG Conformance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach

WCAG 1.0 Difficulties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach

Proprietary Formats ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach

Usability Issues (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DDA – UK's Disability Discrimination Act The subjectivity of usability guidelines seems to be recognised " I don't claim people should do 100% of what I say " Jakob Neilson

Usability Issues (2) ,[object Object],Usability Accessibility WAI Approach Whose definition counts: WAI’s, information providers’, policy makers’, legislators’, …? Usability Accessibility Accessibility Usability Usability Accessibility Usability Accessibility

Confusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note that the RNIB actively promote WCAG guidelines – and also promote use of accessible Flash, without flagging any inconsistencies. Organisations may publicly support WCAG whilst rejecting (parts of) it. WAI Approach

Nitpicking? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nightmare Scenario Case taken to court in UK. Defence lawyers point out ambiguities & inconsistencies. Case lost, resulting in WCAG’s relevance being diminished. WAI Approach

Holistic Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 Developing A Holistic Approach For E-Learning Accessibility , Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 2004, Vol. 30, Issue 3 An Alternative Approach This approach reflects an emphasis on blended learning (rather than just e-learning)

Previous Work (1) ,[object Object],Forcing Standardization or Accommodating Diversity? A Framework for Applying the WCAG in the Real World , Kelly, B., Sloan, D., Phipps, L., Petrie, H. and Hamilton, F. W4A 2005

Previous Work (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],Contextual Web Accessibility - Maximizing the Benefit of Accessibility Guidelines . Sloan, D, Kelly, B., Heath, A., Petrie, H., Hamilton, F & Phipps, L. W4A 2006 Edinburgh, Scotland May 2006

Previous Work (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 2.0: People, Policies and Processes . Kelly, B., Sloan, D., Brown, S., Seale, J, Petrie, H., Lauke, P. and Ball, S. W4A 2007 What do you see? Is the answer to be found in the resource or in the reader’s interpretation ?

Universal Accessibility? Normal Cancer The Great Masturbator by Salvador Dali (1929) The Duck-Rabbit CRAFT BREWERY

Where Are We Today? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach

WAI Limitations ,[object Object],“ However, we recognize that standards are slow, and technology evolves quickly in the commercial marketplace. Innovation brings new customers and solidifies relationships with existing customers; Web 2.0 innovations also bring new types of professionals to the field, ones who care about the new dynamic medium. As technologies prove themselves, standardizing brings in the universality of the benefit, but necessarily follows this innovation. Therefore, this paper acknowledges and respects Web 2.0, discussing the issues and real world solutions.” Accessibility of Emerging Rich Web Technologies: Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web . Cooper, M. W4A 2007 An Alternative Approach

What’s Missing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach

WCAG In Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Legislation: “take reasonable measure ..” Is bankrupting your company reasonable? Is failing to satisfy your user community reasonable? Is dumbing down the English language reasonable? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Accessibility and Web 2.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach Accessibility 2.0

Second Life ,[object Object],“ Do you think that this will be a really useful tool for people who are unable to get around, who have problems of mobility in real life? ” “ Yes, because you can have friends without having to go out and physically find them ”. The danger is that organisations will ban SL as they feel if fails to comply with accessibility guidelines. Accessibility 2.0

Social Networks (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach Accessibility 2.0

Social Networks (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning resources available via RSS. Users may choose to access via VLE, RSS reader, social network, … An Alternative Approach Accessibility 2.0

Learning Disabilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach Accessibility 2.0

Accessibility 2.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 2.0 But how will this work in an environment of global uses of Web 2.0? An Alternative Approach

Where Are We In This View? Web WCAG Web IT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Pixel of Perfection The Holistic Hamlet WAI

Accessibility 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 3.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],Work on accessibility metadata is underway, but is still at an early stage.

Web Accessibility 3.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 3.0 Challenge: Can such developments be applied to provide benefits to people with disabilities? “ Web Accessibility 3.0 ” coined in “ Web Accessibility 3.0: Learning From The Past, Planning For The Future ”, Neville, L. & Kelly, B. ADDW08, Sep 2008

Semantic Web Principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 3.0

Learning From The Past ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 3.0 Note that the Accessibility 3.0 vision is based on W3C Semantic Web principles. A challenge for W3C and user community is reconciling WAI and SW visions and how they are interpreted.

A Fresh Look At Accessibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach

Critique ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Adaptability (1.0) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Question : Shouldn’t we be talking about Web Adaptability rather than Web Adaptability 1.0? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability

Putting The User First ,[object Object],The rules The solution The user Example “ UK Government requires all government Web sites to comply with WCAG AA” Web Adaptability The context The user The solution The guidelines Where we should be ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Web Adaptability Framework ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alternative to a one-size-fit-all approach To avoid adaptability meaning doing whatever you fancy (e.g. IE-only sites) the adaptation needs to be implemented with context of a legal framework, reasonable measures, … Reasonable Measures

Who’s Using These Approaches? (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability

Who’s Using These Approaches? (2a) ,[object Object],Note this work was described in an award-winning paper on “ Implementing A Holistic Approach To E-Learning Accessibility ” paper by Kelly, Phipps and Howell ,[object Object],[object Object]

Who’s Using These Approaches? (2b) ,[object Object]

Who’s Using These Approaches? (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Who’s Using These Approaches? (4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability

A Challenge For You! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thanks to the little boys who helped point out the truth that the emperor was naked!

From Web Accessibility 2.0 to Web Adaptability (1.0)

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