在Aix6.1上安装11g r2 rac grid infrastructure集群

在 AIX6.1 上安装 11gR2
RAC Grid
Infrastructure 集群

by Maclean.liu
liu.maclean@gmail.com
www.askmaclean.com

About Me

l Email:liu.maclean@gmail.com
l Blog:www.askmaclean.com
l Oracle Employee
l Oracle Certified Database Administrator Master 10g
and 11g
l Over 7 years experience with Oracle DBA technology
l Over 8 years experience with Linux technology
l Member Independent Oracle Users Group
l Member All China Users Group
l Presents for advanced Oracle topics: RAC,
DataGuard, Performance Tuning and Oracle Internal.

以下在 AIX 6.1+Veritas CFS 环境上安装 11gR2 RAC :

1. 11gR2 GI/RAC 安装预备工作
1.1 安装环境：
硬件环境为 2 节点 IBM p 系列小型机，每个节点物理 CPU 数目 32 个，内存 509440 MB，交换空间
32768MB 操作系统版本为 64bit AIX 6.1(6100-06-09-1228)。

Setting Value
Machine and version AIX macleandb-007 1 6 00F71C964C00
Fully qualified host name macleandb-007
Platform 64-bit AIX
O/S Version 6.1.0.0
O/S Maintenance Level 6100-06
O/S Service Pack Level 6100-06-09-1228
Logged in as oracle
Last run as uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall)
groups=1000(oinstall),1200(dba),1300(asmdba)
Executed as Oracle home Yes
owner?
RDA home directory /oracle/rda
RDA work directory /oracle/rda
Output file prefix RDA
Output file directory /oracle/rda/output
Setup profile DB11g
Perform network pings? No

Item Value
Processor(s) 32 Processor(s) Installed
[01]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz

Total Physical Memory 509440 MB
Swap: Max Size 32768 MiB
Swap: Percent Used 1%

1.1 网络环境：

对于每台机器，需要配置：
1 个机器固有 IP 地址（Public IP）和对应的机器名，在 DNS 中注册，或者写到
/etc/hosts 文件中。
1 个虚拟 IP 地址（Virtual IP）和对应的服务名，在 DNS 中注册，或者写到
/etc/hosts 文件中。（与 Public IP 不同，但必须处于同一网段）
1 个互联 IP 地址（Private IP）和对应的私有名，写到/etc/hosts 文件中。（这类 IP
地址建议采用如: 172.168.*.* 或 192.168.*.*网段的地址）
3 个 SCAN IP 地址，在 DNS 中注册，不适用 DNS 的情况下配置 1 个 SCAN IP 到/etc/hosts 中

Node Interface Name Type Ip Address Registered in
macleandb-007 macleandb-007 Public 192.168.18.227 /etc/hosts
macleandb-008 macleandb-008 Public 192.168.18.231 /etc/hosts
macleandb-007 macleandb-007-vip VIP 192.168.18.226 /etc/hosts
macleandb-008 macleandb-008-vip VIP 192.168.18.230 /etc/hosts
macleandb-008 macleandb-scan1 SCAN IP 192.168.18.224 /etc/hosts

macleandb-007 macleandb-007-priva Private 172.168.1.101 /etc/hosts
macleandb-008 macleandb-008-priva Private 172.168.1.102 /etc/hosts
macleandb-007 macleandb-007-privb Private 172.168.2.101 /etc/hosts
macleandb-008 macleandb-008-privb Private 172.168.2.102 /etc/hosts

使用 FTP 测试网络传输速率，2 节点传输文件平均速度为 50M/s:

macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008-priva:/oracleThe
authenticity of host ‘macleandb-008-priva (172.168.1.102)’ can’t be established.RSA key
fingerprint is b1:2e:4f:40:7f:46:39:2d:ae:21:86:6f:75:bb:92:32.Are you sure you want to continue
connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added ‘macleandb-008-priva,172.168.1.102′ (RSA)
to the list of known hosts.p10404530_112030_AIX64-
5L_1of7.zip 20% 343MB
47.3MB/s 00:28 ETAKilled by signal 2.

macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008-privb:/oracle
The authenticity of host ‘macleandb-008-privb (172.168.2.102)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b1:2e:4f:40:7f:46:39:2d:ae:21:86:6f:75:bb:92:32.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘macleandb-008-privb,172.168.2.102′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip
11% 202MB 51.2MB/s 00:28 ETAKilled by signal 2.
macleandb-007 #

macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008:/oracle
p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip
17% 299MB 50.6MB/s 00:27 ETAKilled by signal 2.

1.1 缺省网关：
在每台机器上都要对于公网接口定义缺省网关。
定义网关是为了跨网段的客户端和应用服务器可以访问数据库服务器；如果操作系统已经
配置了静态或动态路由，此处无需再配置网关。

1.2 时钟同步：
11.2 中使用 GI 自带的 CTSSD 节点间时间同步服务，不开启 NTPD 时间同步守护进程。

NTP is not required for 11gR2 since we have the Cluster Time Synchronization Service (CTSD),
but if youare using NTP you need to use it with â..-xâ.. option:Checking: ps -ef |grep ntpsIf it has
no -x option do below steps:

• · a. Open the /etc/rc.tcpip file, and locate the following line: start /usr/sbin/xntpd
“$src_running”
• · b. Change the line to the following: start /usr/sbin/xntpd “$src_running” “-x”
• · c. Save the file.

1.3 用户和组：
创建必要的 grid 和 oracle 用户，以及 oinstall、dba 等组，保持在 2 个节点间的 UID、GID 一致

macleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1000′ adms=’root’ oinstallmacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’
id=’1100′ adms=’root’ asmadminmacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1200′ adms=’root’
dbamacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1300′ adms=’root’ asmdbamacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’
id=’1301′ adms=’root’ asmopermacleandb-007 # mkuser id=’1100′ pgrp=’oinstall’
groups=’asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper’ home=’/home/grid’ gridmacleandb-007 # mkuser id=’1101′
pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’dba,asmdba’ home=’/home/oracle’ oracle

macleandb-007 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-007 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/grid
macleandb-007 # chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-007 # chown grid:oinstall /oracle/app/product/grid
macleandb-007 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-007 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/grid

macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1000′ adms=’root’ oinstall
macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1100′ adms=’root’ asmadmin
macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1200′ adms=’root’ dba
macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1300′ adms=’root’ asmdba
macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1301′ adms=’root’ asmoper
macleandb-008 # mkuser id=’1100′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper’
home=’/home/grid’ grid
macleandb-008 # mkuser id=’1101′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’dba,asmdba’ home=’/home/oracle’ oracle
macleandb-008 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-008 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/grid

macleandb-008 # chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-008 # chown grid:oinstall /oracle/app/product/grid
macleandb-008 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
macleandb-008 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/grid

macleandb-007 # id oracle
uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1200(dba),1300(asmdba)

macleandb-007 # id grid
uid=1100(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1100(asmadmin),1300(asmdba),1301(asmoper)

macleandb-008 # id oracle
uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1200(dba),1300(asmdba)

macleandb-008 # id grid
uid=1100(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1100(asmadmin),1300(asmdba),1301(asmoper)

赋予 grid 用户 CAP_NUMA_ATTACH 等权限:

macleandb-008 # lsuser -a capabilities gridgridmacleandb-008 # chuser
capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE
gridmacleandb-008 # lsuser -a capabilities gridgrid
capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE

1.1 用户 profile：

在 profile 文件中为 Oracle 和 Grid 用户配置必要的环境变量参数：

Grid profileumask 022export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=Sexport
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/grid

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

oracle profile

umask 022

export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export NLS_LANG=”Simplified Chinese”_China.AL32UTF8

1.1 配置 oracle 和 grid 用户的 shell limit 参数：

可以通过 smitty chuser 或者修改/etc/security/limits 配置文件配置用户的 shell limit 参数：
macleandb-007 # cat /etc/security/limitsoracle:fsize = -1data = -1stack = -1

core = -1
rss = -1
nofiles = -1

grid:
fsize = -1
data = -1
stack = -1

core = -1
rss = -1
nofiles = -1

$ ulimit -a
time(seconds) unlimited
file(blocks) unlimited
data(kbytes) unlimited
stack(kbytes) 4194304
memory(kbytes) unlimited
coredump(blocks) unlimited
nofiles(descriptors) unlimited
threads(per process) unlimited
processes(per user) unlimited

macleandb-008 # cat /etc/security/limits

oracle:
fsize = -1
data = -1
stack = -1
core = -1
rss = -1
nofiles = -1

grid:
fsize = -1
data = -1
stack = -1
core = -1
rss = -1
nofiles = -1

$ ulimit -a
time(seconds) unlimited
file(blocks) unlimited
data(kbytes) unlimited
stack(kbytes) 4194304
memory(kbytes) unlimited
coredump(blocks) unlimited
nofiles(descriptors) unlimited

threads(per process) unlimited
processes(per user) unlimited

1.2 配置 oracle 和 grid 用户的等价性

在 macleandb-007、macleandb-008 2 节点之间配置 oracle 和 grid 用户的等价性。

$ rm -rf $HOME/.ssh$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts “macleandb-007 macleandb-008″
-advanced PromptPassphrase

The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2012-12-05-01-27-09.log
Hosts are macleandb-007 macleandb-008
user is grid
Platform:- AIX
Checking if the remote hosts are reachable
PING macleandb-007: (192.168.18.227): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.18.227: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0 ms

—-macleandb-007 PING Statistics—-
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms

Remote host reachability check succeeded.
The following hosts are reachable: macleandb-007 macleandb-008.
The following hosts are not reachable: .

All hosts are reachable. Proceeding further…
firsthost macleandb-007
numhosts 2
The script will setup SSH connectivity from the host macleandb-007 to all
the remote hosts. After the script is executed, the user can use SSH to run
commands on the remote hosts or copy files between this host macleandb-007
and the remote hosts without being prompted for passwords or confirmations.

NOTE 1:
As part of the setup procedure, this script will use ssh and scp to copy
files between the local host and the remote hosts. Since the script does not
store passwords, you may be prompted for the passwords during the execution of
the script whenever ssh or scp is invoked.

NOTE 2:
AS PER SSH REQUIREMENTS, THIS SCRIPT WILL SECURE THE USER HOME DIRECTORY
AND THE .ssh DIRECTORY BY REVOKING GROUP AND WORLD WRITE PRIVILEDGES TO
THESE
directories.

Do you want to continue and let the script make the above mentioned changes (yes/no)?
yes

The user chose yes
Please specify if you want to specify a passphrase for the private key this script will create for the local
host. Passphrase is used to encrypt the private key and makes SSH much more secure. Type ‘yes’ or
‘no’ and then press enter. In case you press ‘yes’, you would need to enter the passphrase whenever
the script executes ssh or scp.
The estimated number of times the user would be prompted for a passphrase is 4. In addition, if the
private-public files are also newly created, the user would have to specify the passphrase on one
additional occasion.
Enter ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
yes

The user chose yes
Creating .ssh directory on local host, if not present already
Creating authorized_keys file on local host
Changing permissions on authorized_keys to 644 on local host
Creating known_hosts file on local host
Changing permissions on known_hosts to 644 on local host
Creating config file on local host
If a config file exists already at /home/grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to

/home/grid/.ssh/config.backup.
Removing old private/public keys on local host
Running SSH keygen on local host
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
a6:87:38:26:11:7a:1e:d6:4a:eb:2b:6d:54:68:bc:29 grid@macleandb-007
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[ RSA 1024]—-+
| |
| |
|… |
| .+o. |
|..*+. S |
|E=+= . + |
| += + o . |
|..oo . . |
| oo. |
+—————–+
Creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host macleandb-007
THE SCRIPT WOULD ALSO BE REVOKING WRITE PERMISSIONS FOR group AND others ON THE
HOME DIRECTORY FOR grid. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.
The script would create /home/grid/.ssh/config file on remote host macleandb-007. If a config file exists
already at /home/grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to /home/grid/.ssh/config.backup.
The user may be prompted for a password here since the script would be running SSH on host
macleandb-007.
Warning: Permanently added ‘macleandb-007,192.168.18.227′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
grid@macleandb-007′s password:
Done with creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host macleandb-007.
HOME DIRECTORY FOR grid. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.
The script would create /home/grid/.ssh/config file on remote host macleandb-008. If a config file exists
already at /home/grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to /home/grid/.ssh/config.backup.
macleandb-008.
Copying local host public key to the remote host macleandb-007

The user may be prompted for a password or passphrase here since the script would be using SCP for
host macleandb-007.
Done copying local host public key to the remote host macleandb-007
host macleandb-008.
Creating keys on remote host macleandb-007 if they do not exist already. This is required to setup SSH
on host macleandb-007.

Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.pub.
57:10:a3:c8:c6:ec:55:3f:1c:ea:c3:c5:ef:bf:23:b6 grid@macleandb-008
+–[ RSA 1024]—-+
| =.. |
| +.oB. |
| *o.B |
| o.ooo |
| .S= . |
| ... |
| . |
| oo|
| .Eo.+|
+—————–+
Updating authorized_keys file on remote host macleandb-007
Updating known_hosts file on remote host macleandb-007
The script will run SSH on the remote machine macleandb-007. The user may be prompted for a
passphrase here in case the private key has been encrypted with a passphrase.
cat: 0652-050 Cannot open /home/grid/.ssh/known_hosts.tmp.
cat: 0652-050 Cannot open /home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys.tmp.
SSH setup is complete.

————————————————————————
Verifying SSH setup
===================
The script will now run the date command on the remote nodes using ssh
to verify if ssh is setup correctly. IF THE SETUP IS CORRECTLY SETUP,
THERE SHOULD BE NO OUTPUT OTHER THAN THE DATE AND SSH SHOULD NOT ASK FOR
PASSWORDS. If you see any output other than date or are prompted for the
password, ssh is not setup correctly and you will need to resolve the
issue and set up ssh again.
The possible causes for failure could be:
1. The server settings in /etc/ssh/sshd_config file do not allow ssh
for user grid.
2. The server may have disabled public key based authentication.
3. The client public key on the server may be outdated.
4. /home/grid or /home/grid/.ssh on the remote host may not be owned by grid.
5. User may not have passed -shared option for shared remote users or
may be passing the -shared option for non-shared remote users.
6. If there is output in addition to the date, but no password is asked,
it may be a security alert shown as part of company policy. Append the
additional text to the <OMS HOME>/sysman/prov/resources/ignoreMessages.txt file.
————————————————————————
–macleandb-007:–
Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l grid macleandb-007 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from
local host to macleandb-007.
IF YOU SEE ANY OTHER OUTPUT BESIDES THE OUTPUT OF THE DATE COMMAND OR IF YOU
ARE PROMPTED FOR A PASSWORD HERE, IT MEANS SSH SETUP HAS NOT BEEN
SUCCESSFUL. Please note that being prompted for a passphrase may be OK but being prompted for
a password is ERROR.
Wed Dec 5 01:28:15 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l grid macleandb-008 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from
Wed Dec 5 01:28:20 GMT+08:00 2012

————————————————————————
————————————————————————
Verifying SSH connectivity has been setup from macleandb-007 to macleandb-007
SUCCESSFUL.
Wed Dec 5 01:28:16 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
————————————————————————
SUCCESSFUL.
Wed Dec 5 01:28:21 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
-Verification from complete-
SSH verification complete.

$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts “macleandb-007 macleandb-008″ -advanced
PromptPassphrase
The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2012-12-05-01-31-18.log
Hosts are macleandb-007 macleandb-008
user is oracle
Platform:- AIX
Checking if the remote hosts are reachable



Remote host reachability check succeeded.
The following hosts are reachable: macleandb-007 macleandb-008.
The following hosts are not reachable: .
All hosts are reachable. Proceeding further…
firsthost macleandb-007
numhosts 2
The script will setup SSH connectivity from the host macleandb-007 to all
the remote hosts. After the script is executed, the user can use SSH to run
commands on the remote hosts or copy files between this host macleandb-007
and the remote hosts without being prompted for passwords or confirmations.

NOTE 1:
As part of the setup procedure, this script will use ssh and scp to copy
files between the local host and the remote hosts. Since the script does not
store passwords, you may be prompted for the passwords during the execution of
the script whenever ssh or scp is invoked.

NOTE 2:
AS PER SSH REQUIREMENTS, THIS SCRIPT WILL SECURE THE USER HOME DIRECTORY
AND THE .ssh DIRECTORY BY REVOKING GROUP AND WORLD WRITE PRIVILEDGES TO
THESE
directories.

Do you want to continue and let the script make the above mentioned changes (yes/no)?
yes

The user chose yes
Please specify if you want to specify a passphrase for the private key this script will create for the local
host. Passphrase is used to encrypt the private key and makes SSH much more secure. Type ‘yes’ or
‘no’ and then press enter. In case you press ‘yes’, you would need to enter the passphrase whenever
the script executes ssh or scp.
The estimated number of times the user would be prompted for a passphrase is 4. In addition, if the

private-public files are also newly created, the user would have to specify the passphrase on one
additional occasion.
Enter ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
yes

The user chose yes
Creating .ssh directory on local host, if not present already
Creating authorized_keys file on local host
Changing permissions on authorized_keys to 644 on local host
Creating known_hosts file on local host
Changing permissions on known_hosts to 644 on local host
Creating config file on local host
If a config file exists already at /home/oracle/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to
/home/oracle/.ssh/config.backup.
Removing old private/public keys on local host
Running SSH keygen on local host
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
de:e1:bd:ac:7d:f0:25:68:3c:80:33:24:53:ae:31:fb oracle@macleandb-007
+–[ RSA 1024]—-+
| .. |
| o.. |
| o+.. |
| =+ . |
| o So.o . |
| o o o* . .|
| E o..+ o |
| o .o |
| ..+. |
+—————–+
HOME DIRECTORY FOR oracle. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.
The script would create /home/oracle/.ssh/config file on remote host macleandb-007. If a config file
exists already at /home/oracle/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to /home/oracle/.ssh/config.backup.
macleandb-007.

oracle@macleandb-007′s password:
HOME DIRECTORY FOR oracle. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT.
The script would create /home/oracle/.ssh/config file on remote host macleandb-008. If a config file
exists already at /home/oracle/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to /home/oracle/.ssh/config.backup.
macleandb-008.
host macleandb-007.
host macleandb-008.

Your identification has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in .ssh/id_rsa.pub.
b2:b1:d7:2d:2a:bf:d9:76:5c:2a:6e:97:d9:7d:7c:3e oracle@macleandb-008
+–[ RSA 1024]—-+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| oS |
| =.. . |
| o . o..* o |
| .. ++.B .E=|
| o==o+ .=|

+—————–+
cat: 0652-050 Cannot open /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts.tmp.
cat: 0652-050 Cannot open /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys.tmp.
SSH setup is complete.

————————————————————————
Verifying SSH setup
===================
The script will now run the date command on the remote nodes using ssh
to verify if ssh is setup correctly. IF THE SETUP IS CORRECTLY SETUP,
THERE SHOULD BE NO OUTPUT OTHER THAN THE DATE AND SSH SHOULD NOT ASK FOR
PASSWORDS. If you see any output other than date or are prompted for the
password, ssh is not setup correctly and you will need to resolve the
issue and set up ssh again.
The possible causes for failure could be:
1. The server settings in /etc/ssh/sshd_config file do not allow ssh
for user oracle.
2. The server may have disabled public key based authentication.
3. The client public key on the server may be outdated.
4. /home/oracle or /home/oracle/.ssh on the remote host may not be owned by oracle.
5. User may not have passed -shared option for shared remote users or
may be passing the -shared option for non-shared remote users.
6. If there is output in addition to the date, but no password is asked,
it may be a security alert shown as part of company policy. Append the
additional text to the <OMS HOME>/sysman/prov/resources/ignoreMessages.txt file.
————————————————————————
Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l oracle macleandb-007 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from

Wed Dec 5 01:31:50 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
Running /usr/bin/ssh -x -l oracle macleandb-008 date to verify SSH connectivity has been setup from
Wed Dec 5 01:31:55 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
————————————————————————
SUCCESSFUL.
Wed Dec 5 01:31:51 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
————————————————————————
SUCCESSFUL.
Wed Dec 5 01:31:57 GMT+08:00 2012
————————————————————————
-Verification from complete-
SSH verification complete.

1.3 OS 参数优化：

Oracle 推荐在 RAC 环境中设置
tcp_ephemeral_low、tcp_ephemeral_high、udp_ephemeral_low、udp_ephemeral_high 等网络参数，
以便优化网络传输性能，加强心跳网络可用性：

macleandb-007 # chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=16384sys0 changed

macleandb-007 # lsattr -E -l sys0 -a maxuproc
maxuproc 16384 Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user True

macleandb-007 # lsattr -El sys0 | grep maxuproc | awk ‘{print $2}’
16384

macleandb-007 # lsattr -El sys0 | grep ncargs | awk ‘{print $2}’
256

macleandb-008 # chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=16384
sys0 changed

macleandb-008 # lsattr -E -l sys0 -a maxuproc
maxuproc 16384 Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user True

macleandb-008 # lsattr -El sys0 | grep maxuproc | awk ‘{print $2}’
16384

macleandb-008 # lsattr -El sys0 | grep ncargs | awk ‘{print $2}’
256

macleandb-007 # /usr/sbin/no -p -o tcp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o tcp_ephemeral_high=65500
Setting tcp_ephemeral_low to 9000
Setting tcp_ephemeral_low to 9000 in nextboot file
Setting tcp_ephemeral_high to 65500
Setting tcp_ephemeral_high to 65500 in nextboot file
macleandb-007 # /usr/sbin/no -p -o udp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o udp_ephemeral_high=65500
Setting udp_ephemeral_low to 9000
Setting udp_ephemeral_low to 9000 in nextboot file
Setting udp_ephemeral_high to 65500
Setting udp_ephemeral_high to 65500 in nextboot file

macleandb-008 # /usr/sbin/no -p -o tcp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o tcp_ephemeral_high=65500
Setting tcp_ephemeral_low to 9000

Setting tcp_ephemeral_low to 9000 in nextboot file
Setting tcp_ephemeral_high to 65500
Setting tcp_ephemeral_high to 65500 in nextboot file
macleandb-008 # /usr/sbin/no -p -o udp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o udp_ephemeral_high=65500
Setting udp_ephemeral_low to 9000
Setting udp_ephemeral_low to 9000 in nextboot file
Setting udp_ephemeral_high to 65500
Setting udp_ephemeral_high to 65500 in nextboot file

no -po tcp_sendspace=65536
no -po tcp_recvspace=65536
no -po sb_max=41943040
no -po udp_sendspace=2097152
no -po udp_recvspace=20971520
no -r -o ipqmaxlen=512

macleandb-007 # no -po rfc1323=1
Setting rfc1323 to 1
Setting rfc1323 to 1 in nextboot file
Change to tunable rfc1323, will only be effective for future connections

macleandb-008 # no -a |grep “rfc1323″
rfc1323 = 1

macleandb-008 # ioo -o aio_maxreqs
aio_maxreqs = 65536

1.4 存储环境：
由于使用 Veritas Cluster Filesystem，故无需配置 ASM。为 GI 的 ocr 和 votedisk 创建专用的共享文件系
统上的文件目录：

macleandb-007 # chown grid:oinstall /oraclemacleandb-008 # chown grid:oinstall
/oraclemacleandb-007 # chown oracle:oinstall /oradata/*macleandb-007 # cd /oradata

macleandb-007 # su – grid

$ cd oradata01
$ mkdir ocr
$ cd ..
$ mkdir oradata02/ocr
$ mkdir oradata03/ocr

$ mkdir oradata01/vote

1.5 使用 cluvfy、rda 工具验证安装环境：

Cluster Verification Utilit(CVU)是 Oracle 所推荐的一种集群检验工具。该检验工具帮助用户在 Cluter 部署
的各个阶段验证集群的重要组件，这些阶段包括硬件搭建、Clusterware 的安装、RDBMS 的安装、存储
等等。我们既可以在 Cluster 安装之前使用 CVU 来帮我们检验所配置的环境正确可用，也可以在软件安
装完成后使用 CVU 来做对集群的验收。

CVU 提供了一种可扩展的框架，其所实施的常规检验活动是独立于具体的平台，并且向存储和网络的检
验提供了厂商接口(Vendor Interface)。
CVU 工具不依赖于其他 Oracle 软件，仅使用命令 cluvfy，如 cluvfy stage -pre crsinst -n vrh1,vrh2。

cluvfy 的部署十分简单，在本地节点安装后，该工具在运行过程中会自动部署到远程主机上。具体的自动
部署流程如下:

1.用户在本地节点安装 CVU
2.用户针对多个节点实施 Verify 检验命令
3.CVU 工具将拷贝自身必要的文件到远程节点

4.CVU 会在所有节点执行检验任务并生成报告

CVU 工具可以为我们提供以下功能：

1.验证 Cluster 集群是否规范配置以便后续的 RAC 安装、配置和操作顺利
2.全类型的验证
3.非破坏性的验证
4.提供了易于使用的接口
5.支持各种平台和配置的 RAC,明确完善的统一行为方式

注意不要误解 cluvfy 的作用，它仅仅是一个检验者，而不负责实际的配置或修复工作：
cluvfy 不支持任何类型的 cluster 或 RAC 操作
在检验到问题或失败后，cluvfy 不会采取任何修正行为
cluvfy 不是性能调优或监控工具
cluvfy 不会尝试帮助你验证 RAC 数据库的内部结构
RAC 的实际部署可以被逻辑地区分为多个操作阶段，这些阶段被称作是”stage”，在实际的部署过程中每
一个 stage 由一系列的操作组成。每一个 stage 的都有自身的预检查(pre-check)和验收检查(post-
check)，如图：

$ cluvfy stage -post hwos -n macleandb-007,macleandb-008Performing post-checks for hardware
and operating system setupChecking node reachability…

Node reachability check passed from node “macleandb-007″

Checking user equivalence…
User equivalence check passed for user “oracle”

Checking node connectivity…

Checking hosts config file…

Verification of the hosts config file successful

Node connectivity passed for subnet “172.168.1.0″ with node(s) macleandb-008,macleandb-007
TCP connectivity check passed for subnet “172.168.1.0″



Interfaces found on subnet “172.168.1.0″ that are likely candidates for VIP are:
macleandb-008 en0:172.168.1.102 en0:172.168.1.102
macleandb-007 en0:172.168.1.101 en0:172.168.1.101

macleandb-008 en1:172.168.2.102 en1:172.168.2.102
macleandb-007 en1:172.168.2.101 en1:172.168.2.101

macleandb-008 en5:192.168.18.231 en5:192.168.18.231
macleandb-007 en5:192.168.18.227 en5:192.168.18.227 en5:192.168.18.227

WARNING:
Could not find a suitable set of interfaces for the private interconnect
Checking subnet mask consistency…
Subnet mask consistency check passed for subnet “172.168.1.0″.

Subnet mask consistency check passed.

Node connectivity check passed

Checking multicast communication…

Checking subnet “172.168.1.0″ for multicast communication with multicast group “230.0.1.0″…
Check of subnet “172.168.1.0″ for multicast communication with multicast group “230.0.1.0″ passed.


Check of subnet “192.168.18.128″ for multicast communication with multicast group “230.0.1.0″
passed.

Check of multicast communication passed.
Check for multiple users with UID value 0 passed
Time zone consistency check passed

Checking shared storage accessibility…

Disk Sharing Nodes (2 in count)
———————————— ————————
/dev/rhdisk2 macleandb-008 macleandb-007

$ cluvfy stage -pre crsinst -n macleandb-007,macleandb-008

Performing pre-checks for cluster services setup

Checking node reachability…
Node reachability check passed from node “macleandb-007″

Checking user equivalence…
User equivalence check passed for user “oracle”

Checking node connectivity…

Checking hosts config file…

Verification of the hosts config file successful




macleandb-008 en0:172.168.1.102 en0:172.168.1.102
macleandb-007 en0:172.168.1.101 en0:172.168.1.101

macleandb-008 en1:172.168.2.102 en1:172.168.2.102
macleandb-007 en1:172.168.2.101 en1:172.168.2.101

macleandb-008 en5:192.168.18.231 en5:192.168.18.231
macleandb-007 en5:192.168.18.227 en5:192.168.18.227 en5:192.168.18.227

WARNING:
Could not find a suitable set of interfaces for the private interconnect
Checking subnet mask consistency…
Subnet mask consistency check passed.

Node connectivity check passed

Checking multicast communication…



Check of subnet “192.168.18.128″ for multicast communication with multicast group “230.0.1.0″
passed.

Check of multicast communication passed.
Total memory check passed
Available memory check passed
Swap space check passed
Free disk space check passed for “macleandb-008:/oracle/app/product/grid”
Free disk space check passed for “macleandb-007:/oracle/app/product/grid”
Free disk space check failed for “macleandb-008:/tmp/”
Check failed on nodes:
macleandb-008
Free disk space check passed for “macleandb-007:/tmp/”
User existence check passed for “oracle”
Group existence check passed for “oinstall”
Group existence check passed for “dba”
Membership check for user “oracle” in group “oinstall” [as Primary] passed
Membership check for user “oracle” in group “dba” passed
Run level check passed
Hard limits check passed for “maximum open file descriptors”
Soft limits check passed for “maximum open file descriptors”
Hard limits check passed for “maximum user processes”
Soft limits check passed for “maximum user processes”
System architecture check passed
Kernel version check passed
Kernel parameter check passed for “ncargs”
Kernel parameter check passed for “maxuproc”
Kernel parameter check passed for “tcp_ephemeral_low”
Kernel parameter check passed for “tcp_ephemeral_high”
Kernel parameter check passed for “udp_ephemeral_low”

Kernel parameter check passed for “udp_ephemeral_high”
Package existence check passed for “bos.adt.base”
Package existence check passed for “bos.adt.lib”
Package existence check passed for “bos.adt.libm”
Package existence check passed for “bos.perf.libperfstat”
Package existence check passed for “bos.perf.perfstat”
Package existence check passed for “bos.perf.proctools”
Package existence check passed for “xlC.aix61.rte”
Package existence check passed for “xlC.rte”
Operating system patch check failed for “Patch IZ97457″
macleandb-008,macleandb-007
Operating system patch check failed for “Patch IZ89165″
Current group ID check passed

Starting check for consistency of primary group of root user

Check for consistency of root user’s primary group passed

Starting Clock synchronization checks using Network Time Protocol(NTP)…

NTP Configuration file check started…
NTP Configuration file check passed
No NTP Daemons or Services were found to be running
PRVF-5507 : NTP daemon or service is not running on any node but NTP configuration file exists on
the following node(s):
Clock synchronization check using Network Time Protocol(NTP) failed

Core file name pattern consistency check passed.

User “oracle” is not part of “system” group. Check passed
Default user file creation mask check passed
Checking consistency of file “/etc/resolv.conf” across nodes

File “/etc/resolv.conf” does not exist on any node of the cluster. Skipping further checks

File “/etc/resolv.conf” is consistent across nodes

Time zone consistency check passed
User ID < 65535 check passed

Kernel 64-bit mode check passed

Pre-check for cluster services setup was unsuccessful on all the nodes.

Test “Oracle Database 11g R2 (11.2.0) Preinstall (AIX)” executed at 05-Dec-2012 01:40:28

Test Results
~~~~~~~~~~~~

ID NAME RESULT VALUE
====== ==================== ======= ==========================================
A00010 OS Certified? PASSED Certified
A00015 HARDWARE_BITMODE 64? PASSED is 64-bit
A00016 System mode 64-bit? FAILED bootinfo error
A00020 User in /etc/passwd? PASSED userOK
A00040 Group in /etc/group? PASSED GroupOK
A00050 Enter ORACLE_HOME RECORD
A00060 ORACLE_HOME Valid? FAILED OHnotvalid
A00070 O_H Permissions OK? FAILED ORACLE_HOME must exist for this rule
A00080 oraInventory Permiss PASSED oraInventoryNotFound
A00090 Got Software Tools? PASSED ld_nm_ar_make_found
A00100 Umask Set to 022? PASSED UmaskOK
A00110 ulimits OK? FAILED StackTooSmall
A00140 LDLIBRARYPATH Unset? PASSED UnSet
A00160 LIBPATH Unset? PASSED UnSet
A00190 Enter JDK Home RECORD
A00200 JDK Version FAILED JDK home is missing
A00210 Other O_Hs in PATH? PASSED NoneFound
A00220 Other OUI Up? PASSED NoOtherOUI
A00230 /tmp Adequate? PASSED TempSpaceOK

A00240 Disk Space OK? SKIPPED This rule needs an accessible ORACLE_..>
A00250 Swap (in MB) RECORD 512
A00260 RAM (in MB) PASSED 509440
A00270 SwapToRAM OK? FAILED SwapLessThanRAM
A00290 IP Address RECORD 192.168.18.227
A00300 Domain Name RECORD NotFound
A00310 DNS Lookup FAILED Host not correctly registered in DNS
A00320 /etc/hosts Format FAILED no entry found
A00330 Kernel Parameters OK FAILED NoAccess
A00335 aio_maxreqs OK? FAILED ioo error
A00340 AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S? PASSED AIXTHREAD_SCOPEOK
A00350 LINK_CNTRL is Unset? PASSED LINK_CNTRLunset
A00410 Got OS Patches? PASSED PatchesNotRequired
A00430 Got OS Packages? FAILED [gpfs.base] not installed
A00445 TCP/UDP Ephemeral OK PASSED Ephemeral OK

以上检测出现 fail 的环节可以忽略，安装环境已成熟。

11gR2 GI/RAC 正式安装

1. 解压安装介质并运行 rootpre.sh 脚本：

拷贝一个 UNZIP 过来 macleandb-007 # /tmp/unzip p10404530_112030_AIX64-
5L_1of7.zipmacleandb-007 # /tmp/unzip p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_2of7.zip

macleandb-007 # /tmp/unzip p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_3of7.zip

macleandb-007 # ./rootpre.sh
./rootpre.sh output will be logged in /tmp/rootpre.out_12-12-05.01:14:00

Checking if group services should be configured….
Nothing to configure.

2. 执行./runInstaller 启动 GI 安装

step1 选择 skil software updates

step 2 选择安装为 cluster

step3 选择 Advanced Installation

Step4 加入简体中文语言

step5 填入合适的 cluster name 和 scan name，使用默认端口 1521

step7 指定 en0、en1 为 private network， en5 为 public network

step8 指定 shared file system 为存储类型

step9 指定 ocr 位置

step10 指定 votedisk 位置,后续步骤点击 Next 即可

在 2 个节点上执行必要的 orainstRoot.sh 和 root.sh 脚本：

macleandb-007 # /home/grid/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of
/home/grid/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for
group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /home/grid/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
macleandb-007 # /oracle/app/product/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/product/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Creating /usr/local/bin directory…
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin …
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin …
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin …

Creating /etc/oratab file…
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/product/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
User grid has the required capabilities to run CSSD in realtime mode
OLR initialization – successful
root wallet
root wallet cert
root cert export
peer wallet
profile reader wallet
pa wallet
peer wallet keys
pa wallet keys
peer cert request
pa cert request

peer cert
pa cert
peer root cert TP
profile reader root cert TP
pa root cert TP
peer pa cert TP
pa peer cert TP
profile reader pa cert TP
profile reader peer cert TP
peer user cert
pa user cert
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab

CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.mdnsd’ on ‘macleandb-007′
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.mdnsd’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gpnpd’ on ‘macleandb-007′
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gpnpd’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.cssdmonitor’ on ‘macleandb-007′
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gipcd’ on ‘macleandb-007′

CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.cssdmonitor’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gipcd’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.cssd’ on ‘macleandb-007′
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.diskmon’ on ‘macleandb-007′
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.diskmon’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.cssd’ on ‘macleandb-007′ succeeded
clscfg: -install mode specified
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user ‘root’, privgrp ’system’..
Operation successful.
Now formatting voting disk: /oradata/oradata01/vote/vote1.
CRS-4603: Successful addition of voting disk /oradata/oradata01/vote/vote1.
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
– —– —————– ——— ———
1. ONLINE 08a3980556c04f05bf2286c0ad1a0924 (/oradata/oradata01/vote/vote1) []
2. ONLINE 21d4c2b231be4fdcbf4d44a3f19455f2 (/oradata/oradata02/vote/vote2) []
3. ONLINE 03619a54a99f4f9fbfc6b22cef4c31da (/oradata/oradata03/vote/vote3) []
Located 3 voting disk(s).

macleandb-008 # /home/grid/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /home/grid/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /home/grid/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

macleandb-008 # /oracle/app/product/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/product/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Creating /usr/local/bin directory…
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin …
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin …
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin …

Creating /etc/oratab file…
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/product/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation

User grid has the required capabilities to run CSSD in realtime mode
OLR initialization – successful
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on
node unknown, number unknown, and is terminating
An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster … succeeded
macleandb-008 #

执行完成上述脚本后在 OUI 图形界面上点击 Finish 完成安装，并验证安装结果：

$ crsctl query crs softwareversion

Oracle Clusterware version on node [macleandb-007] is [11.2.0.3.0]

$ crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.2.0.3.0]

$ crsctl stat res -t
——————————————————————————–
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
——————————————————————————–
Local Resources
——————————————————————————–
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE macleandb-007
ora.asm
OFFLINE OFFLINE macleandb-007 Instance Shutdown
OFFLINE OFFLINE macleandb-008
ora.gsd
ora.net1.network
ora.ons
ora.registry.acfs
——————————————————————————–
Cluster Resources
——————————————————————————–
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE macleandb-007
ora.macleandb-007.vip
ora.cvu
ora.oc4j
ora.scan1.vip

$ crsctl stat res -t -init
——————————————————————————–
——————————————————————————–
Cluster Resources
——————————————————————————–
ora.asm
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
ora.crf
ora.crsd
ora.cssd
ora.cssdmonitor
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE macleandb-007 OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.drivers.acfs
ora.evmd
ora.gipcd
ora.gpnpd
ora.mdnsd

通过上述命令验证确认 Grid Infrastructure Cluster 版本、状态良好。

3. 进一步安装 RDBMS DB Software，运行./runInstaller 启动 OUI 界面

Step2 选择 skip software updates

Step3 选择 Install database software only

Step4 选择 RAC 安装 macleandb-007、macleandb-008 2 个节点

Step5 选择添加简体中文语音包

Step6 选择安装企业版

Step7 选择安装 RDBMS 的 ORACLE_HOME

Step8 选择 dba 为 OSDBA 组

Step9 复查安装先决条件，以上 Warning 可以忽略，点击 Ignore ALL 并 NEXT

Step10 Summary 页面点击 Install

Step 11 安装过程完成后，用 root 用户在 2 个节点分别运行$ORACLE_HOME/root.sh，脚本执行完成后
RDBMS DB 软件安装完毕。

4. 使用 DBCA 创建测试用数据库

切换至 oracle 用户并执行 dbca 工具：

Step0 点选 RAC database

Step1 点选 Create Database

Step2 点选 General Purpose

Step3 填入 DB NAME 并加入 macleandb-007、macleandb-008 2 个节点。

Step 4 不配置 Enterprise Manager，并启用 Automatic maintenance Tasks

Step5 输入 sysdba 密码

Step6 选择使用 OMF，并使用共享文件系统目录存放数据文件

Step7 指定 Fast Recovery Area 快速恢复区域目录，及大小

Step8 勾选 Sample Schemas，装载示例模式用以测试性能和可用性

Step9 选择合适的 SGA、PGA 内存配置、processes 参数和数据库字符集。

Step10 指定 redolog 文件的大小，过小与的 redolog 不利于性能，这里创建 512MB 一个的 online
redolog。

Step11 勾选 Create Database 点击 FINISH 正式创建数据库

DBCA 完成 create database 工作后，检查创建的测试数据库状态：

macleandb-007 # su - grid

$ crsctl stat res -t
——————————————————————————–
——————————————————————————–
Local Resources
——————————————————————————–
ora.MAC_LSN.lsnr
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ora.asm

OFFLINE OFFLINE macleandb-007 Instance Shutdown
ora.gsd
ora.net1.network
ora.ons
ora.registry.acfs
——————————————————————————–
Cluster Resources
——————————————————————————–
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
ora.cvu
ora.oc4j
ora.scan1.vip
ora.testdb.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE macleandb-007 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE macleandb-008 Open

macleandb-007 # su - oracle

$ srvctl stop database -d testdb
$ srvctl start database -d testdb

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