1. Specialty Chemical
Manufacturing Expertise
Since 1928
GFS Chemicals
Watermark Karl Fischer
Reagents & Organic
Halogen Reagent
2006-2007 PRODUCT CATALOG

2. Watermark®
Karl Fischer
Reagents
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
Please take a few minutes to Volumetric Experience+Innovation=GFS
review our comprehensive Single Reagents Pyridine-Free reagents
Karl Fischer product line, Two-Component Reagents designed to meet all your
including pyridine-free needs.
reagents and water standards. Coulometric
Vessel (anode) and Generator Volumetric Reagents Single
We’ve got the formulation to (cathode) reagent solutions Solution Method
meet your needs: for: High volume users find that
• Two-Component Volumetric • General Applications this product fits their needs
Systems • Water determination in alde- perfectly. Like other single
• Patented Non-hygroscopic hydes/ketones solutions on the market, this
Titrants Diaphragmless Vessel Solution option in the WATERMARK®
• Single Solution Volumetric
Reagents
• CFC-free Coulometric
Reagents
• Chloroform-free Reagents
• Diaphragmless Cell
Reagents
• Specialized Reagents and
Solvents as needed
Our products are made in
America. We make it, stock it
and ship it from Columbus,
Ohio. Most orders ship within
24 hours of being placed. By
purchasing directly from GFS,
you save time and money.
The WATERMARK®
reagent line encompasses all
Karl Fischer methodologies:

3. line works with methanol and
other solvents and mixtures
of the customer’s choice. We
offer you two titer strengths:
5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. Just
pick the one that fits your
applications.
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
low water content – perfect Aldehyde and Ketone Working
Two-Component Reagent for labs that don’t have a Medium (methanol-free) item
Products coulometric titrator. Our #2994. This chloroethanol and
Are you re-calibrating your products maintain a titer chloroform solvent system
titer frequently? We’ve got strength to +/- 0.05 mg/ml, allows fast and very repro-
your answer – a patented thus making them the most ducible titrations for your
pyridine-free system that uses advanced and stable Karl aldehyde and ketone analysis.
non-hygroscopic reagents! Fischer reagents available It also dissolves non-polar
This system, for use in volu- today! samples such as oils and
metric titration, has two com- waxes.
ponents: The Big Switch
Titrant: WATERMARK® Stable A technical advantage of our The Big Switch II (Too)
Titrant in 0.50 mg/ml, 1.00 single solution reagent is what “The Big Switch” can also be
mg/ml, 2.00 mg/ml, and 5.00 we refer to as “The Big done using the GFS Two-
mg/ml. Switch.” WATERMARK® single Component system. If ketone
Solvents (Working Medium): solution reagents are typically and/or aldehyde testing is not
WATERMARK® Karl Fischer used with methanol, but are commonplace in your lab, it
Solvent (methanol-based) formulated to work with inert may be more cost effective to
item # 1610 and and non-reactive solvents to use WATERMARK® solvent
WATERMARK® Karl Fischer quickly and accurately meas- #1610 for your daily opera-
Solvent (methanol-free) item ure moisture in aldehydes and tion. However, the technical
# 1608 or #1609. ketones. advantage of the two-compo-
nent system is to simply
We offer the titrant with the Just exchange the vessel sol- exchange the solvent #1610
lowest titer strength on the vent with hexane, for exam- with the WATERMARK®
Karl Fischer market: ple, and you’re ready to check methanol-free KF Solvent
0.5 mg/ml, for samples of very for moisture in ketones. #1608 or #1609.
When complete, just switch
30
back to methanol and you’re There is no need to change
ready to do your economical, the titrant because of the spe-
g
20
CONVENTIONAL PYRIDINE KFR
routine analysis again. This cial formulations. It is simple,
WATERMARK® SINGLE SOLUTION
can be a real time and money fast and unbelievably accu-
WATERMARK® TITRANT/SOLVENT
10 saver when analysis of mois- rate! Why waste valuable lab
ture in aldehydes and ketones time if you don’t have to?
2 4 6 8 becomes an issue.
MINUTES

4. If you do frequent ketone The WATERMARK® Karl We also offer coulometric
analysis, just use our Fischer system was the first reagents for the analysis of
WATERMARK® KF solvent, Coulometric reagent on the ketones and aldehydes.
items #1608 or #1609, which market with a Vessel (Anode)
works for all of your samples, reagent solution that also per- WATERMARK® Coulometric
with or without ketones. formed as a Generator reagents also have an
(Cathode) reagent solution. extremely high water capacity.
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
Coulometric Reagents A special Generator solution This capacity is in excess of
WATERMARK® Karl Fischer (Item #1613) is available for 1000 mg of water/100 ml
Reagents are designed for use PhotoVolt analyzers but charge. To our knowledge,
with most Coulometric sys- can be utilized in most of the this is the highest water
tems on the market, including instruments available on the capacity available.
Brinkman, PhotoVolt, Mettler, market today. An alternative
Mitsubishi, KEM, CSC, Orion “universal” generator solution A Better Buffer Solution
and Fisher. They are specially (Item #2321) is also available. Why mix your own buffer
formulated to provide the ulti- solution if you don’t have to!
mate in analytical performance. WATERMARK® Buffer solution
is more than a buffer solution.
It is a complete Karl Fischer
solvent that contains sulfur
dioxide along with the buffer-
ing agents so it can be used
directly in the titration vessel.
You won’t need to go through
the hassle of mixing the buffer
with a solvent in order to use
it. This is a great time-saver
that also increases the consis-
tency of your analysis, and it
can be used with either the
Single Solution or the Two-
Component systems.

5. Water Standards in Adapters similar to this prod- New Product Development
Ampoules uct are available from some of GFS Chemicals, Inc. continues
Volumetric and Coulometric the European instrument man- to keep an eye toward future
Water Standards are available ufacturers (Mettler and development work. Over the
in standard 5 ml ampoules. In Brinkman); however, many of years, GFS has introduced
order to maintain a very sta- these adapters are made of such products as reagents for
ble water content over time, plastic that is not compatible use in Diaphragmless Cells
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
our standards are packaged with the WATERMARK® and environmentally responsi-
under ultra high purity Argon Product line. The GFS adapter ble reagents without chloro-
gas. Each standard package is made from virgin high-den- form or CFC’s.
contains 10 ampoules. sity polyethylene and, while it
Current concentrations for may discolor over time, it will GFS provides you with the
the WATERMARK® Water not decompose like many newest and most advanced
Standard line are: other plastics when exposed Karl Fischer formulations for
to the WATERMARK® solvent your water determination
0.05 mg/g 1.0 mg/g 0.1 mg/ml matrix. The adapter comes applications. Our develop-
0.1 mg/g 5.0 mg/g 1.0 mg/ml with a set of stock #78551 gas- ment of new products for
0.5 mg/g 10.0 mg/g 5.0 mg/ml ket rings (Item #1625) to both volumetric and coulo-
assure a tight fit from bottle metric Karl Fischer titrations
All standards come with a cer- to bottle. is ongoing. Among our newer
tificate of analysis containing items you will find:
actual analytical results at Pyridine-Based Karl Fischer • A new Vessel solution for
time of packaging. We also Reagents use in crude oil applica-
custom-manufacture stan- We also manufacture a line of tions, GFS Item # 5202
dards for applications requir- Pyridine-based reagents for • A wider selection of
ing other water content. customers who prefer the solvents, each one designed
classic Karl Fischer formula- for a specific application;
Bottle Adapter tions. for example:
For those labs that are using a > KF Solvent for Oils (two-
European-based instrument, All of these items make the component system),
but have American small WATERMARK® product line GFS Item # 2991
mouth bottles, GFS offers a one of the • KF Volumetric Solvent for
bottle adapter for its pyridine- most com- Oils (one-component
free Karl Fischer product line. prehensive system), GFS Item # 2978
This adapter allows the tech- on the • A CFC-free coulometric
nician to “convert” a small- market. vessel solution
mouth American-style one-
liter bottle into a 45mm
mouth European-style bottle.

6. Packaging Karl Fischer Book • Titration methods and
All GFS Karl Fischer products GFS Chemicals, Inc. offers a equipment
that were previously available booklet on Karl Fischer mois- • A broad range of
in a one-liter size are also ture measurement. Dr. Alfred applications
available in the one-liter Schilt, retired Professor of • WATERMARK® Pyridine-free
45mm European Bottle. This Analytical Chemistry, Karl Fischer reagent options
bottle readily adapts to Northern Illinois University,
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
Mettler and Brinkman Karl prepared the first edition of GFS published the booklet for
Fischer titrator instruments. this concise monograph. The all levels of technicians. Many
These instruments are pro- newly released second edition reference materials on this
duced in Europe and, as such, has been expanded to subject can be overly lengthy
are designed to allow the cus- and profusely detailed. Our
tomer to attach the bottle goal was simple: create a tech-
directly to the instrument. nical manual that is easy to
This means the customer no understand and use.
longer has to “transfer” the
reagent from the small-mouth GFS Chemicals Volumetric
American bottle into the larg- and Coulometric Reagents
er-mouth European counter- for Karl Fischer Titration
part. This saves the techni- For a complete listing of the
cian time and helps maintain WATERMARK® product line,
product integrity by minimiz- please refer to the accompa-
ing the product exposure to nying pages. If you should
air and moisture, which can require a special reagent,
affect reagent performance. please don’t hesitate to call
Please Note: The Bottle us. GFS Chemicals is constant-
Adapter described previously ly developing new products to
can also meet this need. adapt to the needs of the
marketplace.
address new methodology In addition, we can provide
and recent references, and case quantities or alternative
covers the following points of sizes for large volume users.
interest: Your feedback to our Karl
• Fundamentals of Karl Fischer Product Line Manager
Fischer methodologies is always welcome.
• Karl Fischer reagent types
and preparations
• Standardization
• Stability and Storage
• Safety

7. WATERMARK KARL FISCHER INDEX
ITEM # DESCRIPTION PAGE #
1625 KF BOTTLE ADAPTER 385
1615 KF BUFFER SOLUTION 385
1612 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-FREE 385
1613 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION 385
2321 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, UNIVERSAL 385
1611 KF COULOMETRIC REAGENT PACKAGE 385
2319 KF COULOMETRIC REAGENT PACKAGE II 386
WATERMARK KARL FISCHER REAGENTS
1619 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, FOR KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 386
1863 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, FOR KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 386
1671 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, DIAPHRAGMLESS, CHLOROFORM-FREE 386
1614 KF COULOMETRIC NEUTRALIZING SOLUTION 386
1622 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-BASED 386
1623 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-BASED 386
5202 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, for OILS 386
1621 KF DILUENT 387
1600 KF REAGENT, PYRIDINE-FREE SINGLE SOLUTION, 5 mg/ml 387
1601 KF REAGENT, PYRIDINE-FREE SINGLE SOLUTION, 2 mg/ml 387
1620 KF REAGENT, 5 mg/ml, STABILIZED, PYRIDINE-BASED 387
2994 KF SOLVENT, for ALDEHYDES AND KETONES 387
1608 KF SOLVENT, METHANOL-FREE 387
1609 KF SOLVENT, METHANOL-FREE 388
2978 KF SOLVENT FOR OILS, for ONE-COMPONENT SYSTEM 388
2991 KF SOLVENT FOR OILS, for TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEM 388
1610 KF SOLVENT, GENERAL PURPOSE 388
3569 KF SOLVENT, METHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS 388
1604 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 5 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 388
1603 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 2 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 388
1602 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 1 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 389
1970 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 0.5 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 389
1616 KF TITRANT, APPROXIMATELY 5 mg/ml 389
501 KF TITRATION BOOK, 2nd EDITION 389
2311 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.05 mg/g (50 ppm) 389
2301 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.10 mg/g 389
3493 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.50 mg/g 389
2302 KF WATER STANDARD, 1.0 mg/g 389
2304 KF WATER STANDARD, 5.0 mg/g 389
2303 KF WATER STANDARD, 10.0 mg/g 389
2196 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.10 mg/ml 390
1618 KF WATER STANDARD, 1.0 mg/ml 390
1617 KF WATER STANDARD, 5.0 mg/ml 390
2385 POTASSIUM CITRATE, KF WATER STANDARD 499
805 SODIUM TARTRATE, DIHYDRATE, REAGENT (ACS) 570
WE HONOR

8. Sodium Biphenyl, such as toluene or ether. (see
www.gfschemicals.com for lit-
when added to the sample.
Diminished strength can be
the Problem- erature references) compensated for by increas-
Solving Reagent ing the amount of reagent
Reagent Characteristics used.
GFS Organic Halogen Reagent
is a viscous, dark blue solu- GFS schedules the production
Statement of the Problem of OHR (Organic Halogen
tion of sodium biphenyl com-
Quantitative isolation of Reagent) according to antici-
plex in diethylene glycol
organically bonded halide as a pated customer use; we make
diethyl ether (ethyl diglyme).
prerequisite for classical special effort to provide sin-
The product has a limited
ORGANIC HALOGEN REAGENT
potentiometric determination gle-lot shipments of larger
shelf life, losing strength dur-
requires extraction of the orders whenever possible.
ing storage at a rate of about
halide from an organic medi- The reagent should be stored
3-10% per month. Packages
um into a water-soluble ionic in a cool place but not refrig-
are marked with a projected
form. The GFS Organic erated. Cold storage, which
expiration date, although the
Halogen Reagent (Item# 5005) may include shipping during
reagent may be used as long
does this effectively and rap- winter months, can result in
as it continues to give a dark
idly for samples that can be partial crystallization of the
blue, black, or green color
dissolved in an inert solvent, reagent that can then adhere
to the surface of the plastic
bottles in which it is pack-
aged. Usually this condition
can be detected by careful
observation and solid materi-
als often can be re-dissolved
by carefully shaking the bottle
that has been warmed to
room temperature or slightly
above. Instruction on the use
and disposal of the reagent
accompanies each package
shipped.

9. Typical Procedure Advantages Packaging and Shipping
Measure sample into a clean, Rapid – analysis can usually The proper DOT shipping
dry separatory funnel. be made in 30 minutes or less. name: Combustible liquid,
Dissolve solid or small sam- Safe/Convenient – Avoids haz- n.o.s.; normal shipment is via
ples in a halogen-free, anhy- ard and bother of preparing common carrier ground, air
drous inert solvent such as sodium biphenyl in the labo- shipments possible upon
toluene, ethyl diglyme, or ratory. No need for combus- request. Package units consist
THF. Empty one vial of OHR tion apparatus or pressure of 20 x 15ml plastic vials per
into the funnel, stopper, and vessels. box. Teflon liners are not to
mix. Retention of the dark Versatile – applicable to a be used in the storage or
blue, black or green color wide range of organic materi- packaging of OHR. The entire
ORGANIC HALOGEN REAGENT
indicates sufficient active als: pesticides, hydrocarbons, contents of a vial should be
reagent is present. polymers, medicinals, sol- used in any analytical proce-
If the color quickly fades, add vents, naphtha and petrol, dure in order to minimize
additional OHR. After two etc. Works with solids, liquids, deterioration of the product
minutes, extract with water or and gases. by exposure to air and
dilute nitric acid. The extract- Low Blanks – engineered for moisture.
ed halides, completely con- the production of low-halogen
verted to ionic forms, can content OHR.
be determined by convention- Economical – saves time and
al analytical methods. eliminates the need for extra-
neous equipment.
Wide-range – accommodates
all halides, including fluoride,
microgram traces or macro
quantities.
GFS Reagents for OHR Analysis
Item# SKU Description Package Unit Comment
5005 54101 OHR (Sodium Biphenyl Solution) 20 x 15 ml Multi-case discounts available
2347 74991 Toluene (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L
2348 72961 Tetrahydrofuran (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L
2346 33781 Ethyl Diglyme (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L
2349 29991 Colorimetric Chloride reagent set
consists of:
Ferric Nitrate Sol’n 20% Fe(NO3)3 500 ml
Mercuric Thiocyanate in CH3OH Hg(SCN)2 500 ml Save 10% when you buy the set!
Chloride Standard, 1000 ppm Chloride 100 ml

10. Prices and Terms GFS Chemicals
Terms of Service
Limitation on GFS
Product Use, Warranties
and Liability
Terms of sale are net 30 days Unless otherwise specifically
GFS Warranty
with established credit, FOB certified in writing by GFS
GFS products are warranted
our plant in Columbus, Ohio. Chemicals, Inc. (GFS), GFS
to conform, on the date of
Unless otherwise instructed, products are not intended,
shipment, to the GFS specifi-
freight charges will be either approved or authorized for
cations in effect at the time of
prepaid and invoiced to the human or animal consump-
product manufacture. The
customer or COD at the dis- tion nor for use in any food,
GFS warranty obligation is
cretion of the Company. We drug or cosmetic applications.
limited to either replacement
reserve the right to make GFS products are warranted
of non-conforming product or
price changes without formal to meet our specifications as
the refund of the purchase
notice. GFS is proud to offer set forth in the GFS Lot
price. GFS products are not
the following credit card Analysis or other Company lit-
certified for or intended for
options for your convenience: erature specifically relating
direct use in food, drug, or
Visa, Mastercard, American thereto only. By accepting
cosmetic applications. Any
Express. GFS's products, Customer
other warranties, express or
Conditions
agrees to the limitations set
implied, that assume mer-
forth herein, assumes all
chantability or fitness for a
GFS products are sold for responsibility for the proper
particular purpose are dis-
manufacturing or laboratory use of such products in accor-
claimed. Under no circum-
use only and are not intended dance with these limitations,
stances shall GFS Chemicals,
or certified for direct use in and agrees to indemnify,
Inc. be liable for indirect, sec-
food, drug or cosmetic appli- defend and hold harmless GFS
ondary, or consequential dam-
cations. GFS Chemicals from and against any and all
ages of any nature, including
assumes no responsibility claims, suits and/or liability in
without limitation loss of prof-
connected with the use of our the event such products are
its or business interruption.
products or the information used in a manner contrary to
printed in our publications. In these limitations. GFS HERE-
no case is the purchase of our BY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL
products to be taken as a WARRANTIES, LIABILITY
license to violate or infringe AND/OR RESPONSIBILITY IN
upon any patent. CONNECTION WITH ANY USE
OR APPLICATION OF ITS
PRODUCTS IN A MANNER
CONTRARY TO THE LIMITA-
TIONS SET FORTH HEREIN.

11. ANY USE OR APPLICATION OF International Orders Transportation and Shipping
GFS PRODUCTS IN A MANNER Unless otherwise agreed to in For your information and ease
CONTRARY TO THESE LIMI- writing by GFS, all internation- of ordering, we have included
TATIONS SHALL BE AT THE al orders are shipped FOB DOT hazard information on
USER'S SOLE RISK, AND Columbus, Ohio USA - GFS our entire line of chemicals.
SHALL RELIEVE GFS OF ALL plant basis INCOTERMS 2000. All products in this catalog
WARRANTIES, LIABILITY AND Payment terms are set upon may be shipped by commer-
RESPONSIBILITY WITH acceptance of order. Letter of cial freight. Limitations on
RESPECT THERETO. Credit method is acceptable package size and quantity
These limitations may not be for orders in the amount of may be restricted by the carri-
modified, affected or super- $5,000 and above with GFS er and hazard fees may apply.
seded by Customer, nor by instructions. The freight for- Some products (Hazard Class
any language, term or provi- warder and bank utilized for 6.1) can be shipped by some
sion contained in Customer's LC shipments will be that of carriers only when contained
purchase order, confirmation GFS Chemicals. All prices in a special poison pack.
or other correspondence or shown are in U.S. dollars. There will be an extra charge
communication. Payment in U.S. funds, by wire for this service.
Return Goods
transfer or check drawn on a
Full Warranty and U.S. bank.
Safety: Material Safety
Limitations Statement at No return shipments will be
Data Sheets
www.gfschemicals.com/ accepted without our prior
Terms.asp permission and instructions
TSCA Compliance
We offer MSDS information on being obtained. If an error is
all of the products that we made in placing or filling your
GFS makes a concerted effort sell. An MSDS accompanies all order, please advise us
to foster customer awareness shipments when leaving our promptly so that we may take
of the limitations placed, by facility. If for any reason you proper action. No return
regulation, on the use of should need a second copy, goods or claims will be
research chemicals. GFS prod- we will be happy to fax one to allowed beyond 60 days.
ucts that are not listed on the you or you can retrieve one Orders for items not listed in
Toxic Substances Control Act from our website at this catalog or that have spec-
(TSCA) are to be used only for www.GFSChemicals.com ifications not printed in this
R&D purposes, by qualified catalog are considered spe-
technicians capable of under- cial/custom orders and shall
standing and communicating be processed by GFS on take-
their respective hazards. or-pay terms. A 25% restock
charge may apply to non-
custom orders.

12. Ordering
Information
Customer Service Representatives and
Technical Support are available Monday
through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Eastern Time. Orders may be placed by mail,
phone, fax, e-mail or on our web site. Every
order receives an order confirmation sent
via fax or e-mail that includes items ordered,
pricing, shipping method, and estimated
shipping date.
By Mail: GFS CHEMICALS, INC.
Sales & Administration
PO Box 245
Powell, OH 43065
By Phone: 800-858-9682 (U.S.
and Canada)
(740) 881-5501 (International)
By Fax: (740) 881-5989
By E-mail: sales@gfschemicals.com
On the Web: www.gfschemicals.com
www.gfsinternational.com
Opening an account
GFS Customer Service Representatives
will be glad to help you open an account.
For details call: 1-800-858-9682.
(740) 881-5501 (International)
Additional Terms and conditions on page 112
Notice: GFS products are not certified or
intended for direct use in food, drug, or cos-
metic applications; they are warranted to meet
our specifications as given in GFS Lot Analysis
or other Company literature. Determination of
material suitability and/or merchantability for
purposes beyond these specifications is the
responsibility of the end user. WE HONOR