The document discusses New York City's history as a center of world trade and immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It notes that by 1860 over a million people lived in New York, the greatest number of rich and poor living together in one area in history. The Great Depression hit New York hard, with thousands protesting and Hoovervilles appearing in Central Park. The document also discusses the massive transatlantic migration from 1870-1914 that saw over 23 million immigrants enter the US, predominantly from Europe and settling in large numbers in New York City.

1. Jacqueline Mougel New York City: The Crossroad of World Trade

2. Sunshine & Shadows People stack one on top of each other Against all health & safety laws Central Park- social place Great democratic meeting ground Memorial to naval dead Angle of the Wars= symbol of the healing power of nature

3. Sunshine and Shadows Rich & Poor visit Central Park- all classes & races No other city dedicated that amount of land for a park 1860-million people living in New York 1865-greatest number of rich & poor living in one area in history 2 split cities- rich & poor Starving children, bad traffic

4. Sunshine and Shadows Poverty- seen as personal problem- own fault New York- richest city in World New York Stock Exchange Industrial Revolution-World of Stream New York Central Station NY based on making money People living above their means People tried to buy up all the gold to control nation’s economy

5. City of Tomorrow The Great Depression Before: Fewer than 2 million unemployed in America After:13 million depression Domino Effect: industries fell one after another Hoover Vills- camps in Central Park Thousands of protesters

6. City of Tomorrow Thought to only last 3 months President Hoover Political officials took most of the money meant to help the poor Couldn’t make a mile of highway in NY

7. City of Tomorrow Jimmy Walker-mayor of New York borrowed money Walker Trials- mayor put on trial for taking money Roosevelt made sure Walker resigned or was fired Helped made him president Reformers overtook city hall Robert Moses- reformer vs. Theodore Seedberry for mayor job of NY (WON) Seedberry- personal symbol of NY

8. A Merger That Puts New York on Top By Mike Clough America Online’s decision to buy Time Warner= New York will or will not dominate the new American global information economy Rivals: Southern California, the Bay Area, & Redmond, Washington Independence: Boston & Philadelphia was ahead of NY New Orleans: challenger to become commercial center of nation New York: Good location of port & growing capital markets NY leader’s ability to envision the future path of national economy & develop strategies to put NY ahead

9. The Great Transatlantic Migrations 1870-1914: US took largest number of immigrants in history- 23 million US- nation of immigrants 1924: 5 ½ million foreigners went to Argentina, 4 ½ million to Canada (smaller population= immigration had a larger impact on these nation than US) 1914 Argentine: 1/3 foreign-born 1914 US: 1/6 foreign-born Brazil – 4 million Europeans, more Italian immigrants than US until 1900

10. The Great Transatlantic Migrations 1870-1917: great transatlantic migration: flow of migrants to US from Europe Steamships took Spanish workers to Argentinean construction sites, German peasant to homestead in Canada, Italian laborers to Brazilian coffee plantations Migration of Chinese, Japanese, Indian workers to Fiji, Peru, California Steamship travel, need for industrial labor force, opening of national borders= people to America Europeans: jobseeks

11. The Great Transatlantic Migrations European villages migrated in chains following relatives or neighbors Ethnic enclaves replicated familiar ways in new setting Wage-labor immigration was predominantly male 1/3 immigrants returned unable to find work US: sheer volume of immigration & diversity of sources 3/5 of all European immigrants went to US US developed the most vocal & powerful anit-immigrant movement in New World Anglo-Prostestant society feared dark skinned non- English Catholic & Jewish immigrants