237 06 12 12 The Critical Path To I Pv6 V5

The Critical Path To IPv6

Eric Ku, EricKu@cisco.com
CSA, APAC SP CTO Office

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1

• IPv6 Status / Drivers
• Transition Strategies
• Wireline Operators IPv6
• Mobile Operators IPv6
• Q&A

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2

North America Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe
2.9 Billion by 2016 2.6 Billion by 2016 1.3 Billion by 2016
CAGR 14.1% CAGR 13.2% CAGR 10.2%

Latin America Middle East & Africa Asia Pacific
1.3 Billion by 2016 1.8 Billion by 2016 8.7 Billion by 2016
CAGR 12.2% CAGR 10.4% CAGR 14.1%

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2011–2016


Mobility: Top Driver for Cloud

Blended Work
Device Growth Traffic Growth
Life Play
• 19 Billion connected • Half U.S. information • 18X more mobile data:
devices by 2016 and workers work outside office 2012–2016
growing • 35% workers use smart • Wi-Fi access traffic
• 2 networked devices per phones surpasses wired by 2015
capita: 2015 • Mobile Web overtakes • 24% growth in business
• Connecting not just desktop usage: 2015 IP traffic
people…but Machines • 89% mobile Internet usage
(2B by 2015) occurs indoors


In Asia Pacific, there will
be over 3 billion IPv6-
capable fix and mobile
devices in 2016, up from
428 million in 2011.
In Asia Pacific, 37% of all
fixed and mobile
networked devices will be
IPv6-capable in 2016, up
from 10% in 2011.

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2010–2015

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5

IANA

APNIC RIPE ARIN LACNIC AFRINIC


• 3000+ Website
• 50+ Network
Operators
(ISPs)
• 4 Home Router
Vendors

“Major Internet service providers (ISPs), home networking
equipment manufacturers, and web companies around the world
came together to permanently enable IPv6 for their products and
services.”

http://www.worldipv6launch.org/

“…if we don’t overcome the challenges of
IPv4 we will slow down the growth of the
Internet and loose momentum as an industry
(…) IPv6 is important to all of us, to everyone
around the world, It is crucial to our ability to
tie together everyone and every device.“

"At Cisco we are commited architecturally to IPv6
across the board: All of our devices, all of our
applications and all of our services" .


False

New Business New
Packet Disruption Opportunities
Format LTE
Makes every IPv4 Smart
No new IPv4
Grid, M2M
based addresses for
device & network current services Smart
incompatible Communities
Video
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Surveillance 9

What is the current stage of your IPv6 Deployment or
Migration?

a) Currently Native v6
b) Migrating to v6
c) Planning for v6
d) Not Doing anything yet


Architecture evolution
managing through a challenging transition

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. AllCisco reserved. Inc. All rights reserved.
Presentation_ID © 2006 rights Systems, Cisco Confidential Cisco Confidential 11
11

Considering options of IPv4 exhaust
Economics in play
 Basic truth about IPv6 technology
Over the long term the cost per
Gbit/s of an IPv6 system is lower
than that of an IPv4 system with
NAT.

 The economics of supplying
profitable high bit rate services to
IP broadband users are key
IPv6 technology provides a Price per Megabyte
sustainable economical base
 IPv6 will eventually be about
services.
To start with it will be about
economics that IPv4 can’t achieve
anymore.

Global Traffic Volume

IPv4
IPv6
Dual Stack
Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks on each device

Tunneling
IPv4 over IPv6 IPv6 over IPv4
Services
Connect Islands of IPv6 or IPv4 through tunneling

IPv4 IPv6
Translation
Services Connect to the IPv6 Community

IPv4 IPv6 IPv4

Connect IPv4 to IPv4 via IPv6


The Bridge to the Future

IPv6 – from accelerated growth IPv4 for legacy)
ProsperIPv6 Only (IPv6 innovation, and innovation

– to Stack interoperable IPv6 services
Prepare Dualdeliver + tricks

– IPv4 investments and assets
PreserveCarrier Grade NAT, tunnels +tricks
IPv4
Today Future


SP Services Third-Party
& Content Services & Content

Inter Data-Center IP Core Inter Data-Center
National National
Data Center Data Center

Edge
Regional Regional
Data Data
Center Center

Access


IPv6 Architecture evolution
For Wireline Operator

16

IPv6 Deployment Strategy
IPv4 IPv6
Internet Internet

ISP ISP ISP
IPv4 core Dual stack Core dual stackCore dual stack Core

P P 6rd BR
Dual stack PE PE NAT64
NAT44
Access/Core

IPv4 over IPv6
IPv4 Access IPv4 Access IPv6 Access IPv6 Access
6RD or L2TP

Network Network Network Network

PE PE PE PE PE

CPE NAT44 CPE 6rd RG CPE CPE CPE

Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber
Network Network Network Network Network

Translator: NAT444 Automatic Tunnel: Dual Stack: IPv6 Native Automatic Tunnel: Translator: NAT64
6RD or L2TP (Dual Stack) DS-Lite or 4rd


You Have Run Out of IPv4. Choices?...

 Buy a Company to take
their IP Addresses

 IPv4 Subnet Trading
→ A contractual right to
announce addresses
are yours (for now)
→ But viability requires
widespread adoption
of Routing Security

 Additional addresses
are too expensive, now
what?...


NAT 444 Re-Enables Subscriber Growth

 Large Scale NAT
→Public IP Exhaust

 AFT NAT 444
absorption into SP’s L3
Edge
→Cost/Ops Optimize


IPv6 Is Already Running over Access

+ others

 IPv6 Over the Top (OTT)
Application Providers
Tunnel Brokers

 AFT will speed up OTT
Bypasses binding limits

 Even if you have IPv4 addresses,
there is risk in delaying IPv6
Equipment, behavior, & practices
leave you behind


Establishing an IPv6 Infrastructure

 Stand-alone IPv6 islands
are of limited value

 IPv6 Peering
Direct IPv6 peering
Tunnel IPv6 packets
thru the IPv4 cloud

 Eventually, equivalent
requirements as for IPv4
aggregation
MPLS/VPN
Business connectivity

 Must support IPv4
services

Tunneling
Dual Stack PPP

 SPs would love to have their embedded access infrastructure
support IPv6
 However legacy DSLAMs often cannot pass IPv6
 These DSLAMs can pass PPP or IPv4, so
it is possible to tunnel IPv6. This means
massive investment reused
 Tunnels can originate from RG or CPE.
When on CPE, no coordination with RG or
Access Provider required!


Connecting IPv6 Devices to the Internet

 v6 PC (native/dual stack)
→ P2P addressability
→ NAT mitigated
→ Someday reduces
application keep-alives
v6
 6rd
→ Reuse legacy
DSLAMs &
aggregation
6rd
 Stateful AFT 6→4
→ Access v4 content
from v6 only CPE
→ Incentives for content
providers to go v6


Which method is use to extend the usage of current IPv4
pool of address?

a) Carrier Grade NAT 44/444
b) 6rd
c) Dual Stack
d) DS-Lite


IPV6 Architecture evolution
For Mobile Operator

25

Mobile v4x/v6 Transition Strategy
3-Tier Evolution Outline from IPv4 to IPv6
Global VoIPv6 - VoIPv4 Interworking
- VoIPv4/IMS
- NAT64 for VoIP (SBC)

Services & Applications CS
Global VoIPv6
running over IPv6
Focus - VoIPv6 Interconnect

VoIPv6: IPv6 application introduction: Voice
- VoIPv6/IMS
- VoIPv6-TDM Interconnect

IPv6-Only Handsets
- Real IPv4x solver
- NAT64 for v4-Internet access
IPv4/IPv6 - Plan for 3G and LTE
Coexistence Infrastructure PS
Dual Stack Handsets
- Dual Stack Transport Network
- Roaming friendly
Focus

Scalable NAT44 for data services
Preserve IPv4 (scalable throughput & session count)


IPv6 Integration in 3G/LTE Networks
Design Considerations
Content providers
2G MS
RAN
Policy WAP Internet
3G MS
NodeB DMZ
Femto HNB RNC
Gn/Gp (GTP) DPI
Gn NAT
Core Network
Ga GGSN
SGSN (GTP’) Ga (GTP’)
GRX IMS Core
DNS
Ga (GTP’) RADIUS QS
IXC

Charging Roaming Signaling
DHCP Data
Billing System Gateway partners

Element Design consideration (If IPv6 is used for internet & internal Apps) Impact
eNodeB Radio layer. Can use IPv4 backhaul No
RNC Iu-CS/Iu-PS can use IPv4 backhaul No
SGSN Initiate mobile APN query & authentication Yes
HLR/HSS IPv6 capable Yes
GGSN IPv6 PDP, standards IPv6 features, prefix allocation Yes
Billing Mediation and processing of IPv6 CDR Yes
DPI, Quote Server Pre-paid implementation, IPv6 parsing & CDR capability Yes
WAP, Data Accelerator IPv6 packet compressions, cache capability Yes
Firewalls IPv6 rules capability, performance Yes
DNS © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. DNSConfidential
Presentation_ID
IPv6 Cisco capability Yes 27

NAT44
Preserve Public IPv4 via NAT44
Central Large Scale NAT44 Large Scale NAT44
IPv4 user plane with
3GPP defined tunneling: • O(10G) throughput
- GTP • O(20M) bindings
- PMIP/GRE v4 user plane:
- Native IPv4 forwarding
• Some subscriber awareness
- IPsec
to/from CGN

NAT44

private IPv4 private IPv4 NAT public IPv4

IPv4 IPv4 IPv4
Public
Private IPv4 Address
assigned to UE CGN/
eNB SGW PGW
CGv6
Public IPv4 Address/
v4 Core Network: port assigned by CGN
- native IPv4

 Limited IPv4 life extension Evolution of current NAT solutions
SP operates non overlapping private address space • ~70% of all mobile operators
UE obtains a IPv4 address from the private SP address space leverage NAT44
• Current deployments implement
CGN/CGv6 performs NAT44 with high scalability NAT44 on Enterprise-Class
Many UEs are serviced by fewer Public IP-Address on LSN Firewalls:
Dynamically reuses available pool of Public IP-address/port bindings - scale & throughput challenges


Enable IPv6 Transport: Dual Stack Network DS HS

Enable IPv6 within the Service Provider Network
IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence: Transport Network
IPv4 user plane with v4/v6 Access Network: v4/v6 Core Network:
3GPP defined tunneling: - native IPv4 and/or - native IPv4 and native IPv6
- GTP - native IPv6 - alternative:
- PMIP/GRE - v6 tunneling options, e.g. v6 tunneling options, e.g.
- IPsec 6PE, ... apply as well 6PE, Softwires, GI-6rd, ..

NAT44

private/dummy IPv4 private /dummy IPv4 NAT public IPv4

IPv6 IPv4
Public
CGN/
IPv4 IPv6 CGv6
eNB SGW PGW

IPv4

 Enable Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Transport Network
Access Network: 3GPP standards already support dual-stack (GTP/PMIP/IPsec tunneling)
Routing Protocols handle IPv4 / IPv6
 Core needs to support IPv6 transport (in parallel with IPv4): Options
Native IPv6 (in parallel to IPv4 forwarding)
IPv6-over-IPv4: Manually Configured Tunnels (IPinIP/GRE); Gateway-Initiated 6rd
IPv6-over-MPLSv4: 6PE, (6vPE)


Considerations on NAT
Where to Place the NAT Function?

Option 1: NAT on Gateway (Distributed)
Key Benefits:
• Subscriber aware NAT
- per subscriber control
NAT44 - per subscriber accounting
private IPv4 NAT public IPv4 • Large Scale (further
enhanced by distribution)
IPv4
• Highly available
IPv4
Public (incl. geo-redundancy)
eNB SGW PGW

Option 2: NAT on Router (Centralized)
Key Benefits:
• Integrated NAT for multiple
administrative domains
NAT44
(operational separation)
private IPv4 private IPv4 NAT public IPv4 • Large Scale
• Overlapping private IPv4
IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 domains (e.g. w/ VPNs)
Public

SGW PGW CGN/
eNB CGv6


Enable IPv6 Services: Dual-Stack Handset
IPv4/IPv6 services available to user
IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence: Handset
IPv4/v6 user plane with Access Network:
3GPP defined tunneling: - native IPv4 and/or
- v4v6 dual stack bearer - native IPv6 v4 user plane:
(or two bearers: v4, v6) - v6 tunneling options, e.g. Tunneling to CGN using
- GTP; PMIP/GRE; IPsec 6PE, ... apply as well GI-DS-lite

NAT44

private/dummy IPv4 private /dummy IPv4 NAT public IPv4

IPv6 IPv6 IPv4
IPv6 Public
CGN/
IPv4 IPv6 CGv6
eNB SGW PGW
v6 user plane: IPv4
Native IPv6 forwarding over IPv6
IPv6 transport service (supplied
natively or tunneled)

 IPv6 support on handset added (establishes v4/v6 bearer)
 Both IP Stacks available to the user, enable Dual-Stack IPv4/IPv6 Transport Network
3GPP standards already support dual-stack access network (GTP/PMIP/IPsec tunneling)
 User Plane traffic transport over core network:
IPv4 User Plane: Gateway Initiated DS-Lite – tunneling between PGW and CGN
IPv6 User Plane: Native IPv6 forwarding (v6 transport supplied as native or tunneled service)

v6 HS
Simplify Handset: IPv6-only handset
NAT64 to allow access to legacy IPv4 services
IPv6 user plane with Access Network: Core Network:
3GPP defined tunneling: - native IPv4 and/or - native IPv6 Large Scale NAT64
- GTP - native IPv6 - v6 tunneling options, e.g. • O(10G) throughput
- PMIP/GRE - v6 tunneling options, e.g. 6PE, Softwires, GI-6rd • O(20M) bindings
- IPsec 6PE apply as well apply as well
Medium Scale NAT64
• O(1G) throughput
NAT64
• O(1M) bindings
NAT public IPv4
• DNS64: synthesizes
IPv6 IPv6 AAAA records from A records
IPv4
• Translation Logging
Public
• Limited set of ALGs
CGN/ • Connection initiation from v6 side;
IPv4 IPv6 CGv6 stateful operation
eNB SGW PGW

IPv4 IPv6

 Handset: IPv6 only as default service
 Simplify Operations, Optimize Resource Usage
 IPv4 only kept as backup – in case IPv6 service not avalable (e.g.
Roaming scenarios)
 Stateful NAT64 as natural evolution from NAT44


Future: IPv6 only

IPv6 IPv6 IPv6

IPv6 IPv6
eNB SGW PGW

 All services delivered via v6
 IPv4 discontinued on Handset and Transport Network


With Dual Stack network implementation, will it solve the
shortage of IPv4?

a) Yes
b) No


Cisco IPv6 Services Lifecycle
• Discovery Workshop
• Network IPv6 Readiness Assessment
• Focused tech support Prepare •
•
OSS/BSS/NMS Assessment
IPv6 Readiness / Gap Assessment
• Network optimization
services • IPv6 Services Strategy recommendation
• High availability services
• Test and Validation
services Operate Plan
&Optimize
• High Level Design
• Project Plan

Implementation Design
• IPv6 FOA Integration
• HW & SW upgrade
• IPv6 Test & Validation
• Migration – IPv4 to IPv6
• Knowledge transfer
• Low Level Design
Validate • IPv6 Lab POC Test Plan

• IPv6 Lab POC Test & Validation
• E2E Solution and Scale Validation
• IPv6 Migration Planning


Cisco Powering World’s Largest SP IPv6 Deployments

Half Million IPv6 subscribers Native IPv6
Largest 6rd deployment in
world
for FTTH
Native IPv6 subscribers

Tier 1
Operator

6rd & Native IPv6 IPv6 for LTE Subscribers


Cisco Powering World’s Largest SP IPv6 Deployments France

6rd Use-Case : From/to Internet “ Free is committed to
IP-STB Freebo Freebox
DSLAM
providing the latest
x
ADSL innovations for its
IPv4 Only
customers. We have
Access/A 6rd
Gateway IPv6
chosen the Cisco ASR
gg PE
Network
Interne
t
1000 router for their
IP-STB Freebo Freebo
support of an integrated
x ADSL x
DSLAM
Edge IPv4 / IPv6 high-performance IPv6
Core Rapid Deployment or
Network
6rd technology, which
FTTH Edge
Freebo Access allows us to supply IPv6
IP-STB x FTTH IPv4
Core Internet to our users in a
IPv4 / IPv6 remarkably simple and
Access/Ag
g Network cost-efficient manner.”
Native IPv6
IPv6 Encapsulated in 6rd
Maxime Lombardini
One of the world’s largest IP video networks uses CGv6 solution CEO, Free (Illiad Group)
Sept. 2010


Key Takeaway – No one size fits all
Multiple technology adoption scenarios
IPv4 address pool IPv6 Internet
IPv6 enabled
exhausted (IPv6 only transport
endpoints
viable from a market
IPv4 enabled New end-systems deployment (handset/RG) perspective)
endpoints
IPv6 only endpoints
Dual-Stack technically viable
deployment
NAT64

6rd introduction NAT46
Large Scale NAT
(LSN) introduction

time

 Preserve IPv4, Prepare and Prosper with IPv6


Q and A
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Cisco @ Mobile Asia Expo Asia 2012 at
Shanghai 20-22 June 2012, Booth N1, A80


http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Cisco-Knowledge-Network-
4450204?trk=myg_ugrp_ovr


4.0 57.2% CAGR 2011–2016

3.5 3.57B

3.0
Number of Devices (B)

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5
372M
0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: Cisco VNI Global Forecast, 2011–2016


49% CAGR 2011–2016
8
4.03B
7
Number of Devices (B)

6

5

4
3.57B
3

2

1 662M
372M
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

IPv6-Capable Fixed Devices IPv6-Capable Mobile Devices
Source: Cisco VNI Global Forecast, 2011–2016


237 06 12 12 The Critical Path To I Pv6 V5

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