Modul ini memberikan ringkasan singkat tentang keperluan asas manusia, haiwan, dan tumbuhan serta proses hidup manusia dan haiwan seperti bernafas, berkumuh, membiak, dan kitar hidup beberapa haiwan."

1. MODUL SAINS UPSR
MODUL SAINS
TEKNIK MENJAWAB
SOALAN UPSR
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ANSWERING TECHNIQUE FOR SCIENCE SECTION A
Type of Questions
Jenis soalan
Section A questions can be divided into two groups as followed ;
Soalan bahagian A boleh dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan seperti berikut:
A. Multiple choice questions
Soalan aneka pilihan.
B. Combination of multiple choice questions
Soalan aneka pilihan gabungan
Section A questions can be divided into 10 items ;
Soalan Bahagian A boleh dibahagikan kepada 10 item:
(a) Fact / Fakta
(b) Terminology / Istilah
(c) Method / Kaedah
(d) Sequence / Urutan
(e) Classifying / Mengelas
f) Principle / Prinsip
(g) Interpreting / Mentafsir
(h) Extrapolation / Ekstrapolasi
(i) Translation / Terjemahan
(j) Application / Aplikasi
Questions in Section A can be groups as followed;
Soalan Bahagian A boleh dikumpulkan seperti berikut:
Knowledge elements
Elemen Pengetahuan
Fact, Terminology, Sequence, Method, Classifying and Principle.
Fakta, Istilah, Urutan , Kaedah, Mengelas dan Prinsip
Understanding elements
Elemen Pemahaman
Translation, Interpreting, Extrapolation and Application
Terjemahan, Tafsiran, Ekstrapolasi dan Aplikasi
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3. MODUL SAINS UPSR
ANSWERING TECHNIQUE FOR SECTION B
TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN BAHAGIAN B
Bahagian B berbeza dengan bahagian A. Bahagian A menguji pengetahuan manakala dalam
bahagian B calon diuji Kemahiran Proses Sains [KPS]. Oleh kerana itulah, terdapat soalan-
soalan semacam bukan dalam topik yang diajar. KPS ini mempunyai cara dan kaedah
menjawabnya yang tersendiri. Oleh itu murid perlu memahami cara untuk menjawabnya. Berikut
diterangkan secara ringkas cara / kaedah untuk menjawab.
PEMERHATIAN ( Observation ):
• MELIHAT / PEMERHATIAN menggunakan 5 deria – perubahan atau perbezaan yang
berlaku selepas eksperimen dijalankan.
• MENYATAKAN ( MENULIS ) HASIL PEMERHATIAN
Pemerhatian boleh dalam bentuk perubahan / perbezaan dari segi:
• Saiz ( size ) • kuantiti ( quantity )
• bilangan ( number ) • jisim (
• warna ( colour ) • berat ( mass / weight )
• ketinggian ( height ) • keadaan ( condition )
*Pemerhatian = hasil / keputusan eksperimen (ujikaji)
What is your observation?
What can you say about this fair test?
Lembu P Lembu Q
Pemerhatian: Lembu Q lebih besar daripada Lembu P ( Saiz lembu )
( Obsevation ) ( berat lembu ditolak = tiada dinyatakan besar dalam rajah )
Cow Q is bigger than Cow P // Cow P small, Cow Q big
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INFERENS:
Menyatakan sebab / memberi alasan kepada pemerhatian yang berlaku.
... Jadikan pemerhatian sebagai soalan dan cari jawapannya….
…… jawapan kepada soalan itu ialah inferens !
Give one inference from this fair test?
Give one reason about the observation
Lembu P Lembu Q
Jika pemerhatian: ( KENAPA ?)Lembu Q Lebih besar daripada Lembu P
Inferes : kerana Lembu Q makan lebih banyak daripada Lembu P
( secara mudah : Pemerhatian = akibat ( yang dilihat ) / Inferens = sebabnya )
Observation: ( Why ?) Cow Q is bigger than Cow P // Cow P small, Cow Q big
Inferens : Cow Q eat more than cow P // Cow P eat less, Cow Q eat more
PEMBOLEH UBAH ( VARIABLE ):
Terdapat 3 pembolehubah:-
Malar ( Fixed Variable / constant variable / control variable)
Yang sama, serupa, tetap atau tidak berubah
Manipulasi (PM) ( To Change // manipulate variable)
Yang diubah ( oleh manusia ) sebelum eksperimen dijalankan
bergerakbalas (PB) ( To Observe / to measure // responding variable )
Yang berubah selepas eksperimen dijalankan ( berubah sendiri )
From the experiment, state the thing :
3 langkah mencari pembolehubah PM/PB dalam soalan:
Langkah1 – cari 2 maklumat yang berbeza
Langkah2 – tentukan yang berubah ( sendiri dan yang diubah ( oleh manusia)
Langkah3 – Oleh itu yang diubah = PM dan yang berubah = PB
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5. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Cari PM / PB berdasarkan jadual :
PM ( TC ) PB ( TO ) PM ( TC )
PB ( TO )
Pembolehubah ( variable ) mesti ditulis dalam bentuk gabungan antara:
Parameter dan objek
Parameter Objek
• Saiz
• bilangan
• warna
• ketinggian Saiz pokok
• kuantiti Baja Bilangan pokok
• jisim Air Kuantiti baja
• berat Pokok Berat baja
• keadaan
Parameter Object
• size
• number
• colour
Number of plant
• height Of
fertilizer Quantity of water
• quantity Air Mass of fertilizer
• mass / weight plant
• condition
HIPOTESIS / HUBUNGAN / KESIMPULAN
( HYPOTHESIS / RELATIONSHIP / CONCLUSION )
a. Draw one conclusion from the investigation above
b. What you can conclude from the investigation above ?
c. What is the relationship can you makes from this fair test ?
If To Change ( less / more ), than To Observe ( Less / More ) OR
The More / Less To Change, The More / Less To Observe
Semakin (pola) PM , Semakin ( pola ) PB Atau
Jika PM ( pola ), Maka PB ( pola )
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Quantity of Cylinder 2 3 5
Number of wood when the structure collapse 1 5 3
= The More quantity of cylinder, the more number of wood when the structure collapse
= If quantity of cylinder increase, number of wood when the structure collapse increase
= semakin bertambah quantity of cylinder semakin bertambah number of wood when the
structure collapse
= jika quantity of cylinder bertambah, maka number of wood when the structure collapse
bertambah
TAJUK / TUJUAN EKSPERIMEN ( PENYIASATAN )
( AIM / PURPOSE OF THE EKSPERIMENT )
What is the purpose of this experiment ?
What is the aim of this experiment ?
To investigate the relationship between To Change and To Observe .
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara PM dengan PB .
Quantity of Cylinder 2 3 5
Number of wood when the structure collapse 1 5 3
= To investigate the relationship between Quantity of Cylinder and Number of wood when
the structure collapse
= Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara Quantity of Cylinder dengan Number of wood when the
structure collapse
POLA / CORAK: ( PATTERN / TREND )
Menyatakan bentuk kenaikan / penurunan sesuatu nilai.
Hanya terdapat 3 pilihan / cara jawapan untuk pola / corak, iaitu;
• (semakin) menaik / meningkat / bertambah ( Increase // Increasing // Ascending )
• (semakin) menurun / berkurang / sedikit ( Decrease // Decreasing // descending )
• Tetap / sama / tidak berubah / mendatar ( same // not change )
TETAPI terdapat juga soalan yang memerlukan gabungan 2 atau lebih pola / corak dalam satu
jawapan.
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State the pattern of the number of the wood?
25 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Menaik / increase
54 45 33 25 23 20 15 14 12 Menurun / Decrease
25 28 32 40 45 55 60 60 60 Menaik, sama / increase, same
Menaik, sama, menurun //
5 15 25 35 45 45 45 40 35
increase, same, decrease
RAMALAN ( PREDICT ):
Menyatakan nilai yang sepatutnya berdasar nilai yang telah diberi. Kerja – kerja pengiraan perlu
dibuat untuk mendapatkan nilai tersebut.
Predict the time taken when the quantity of boxes is 4 ?
Contoh:
Jumlah baja (g) 10 20 30 40
Tinggi pokok kacang (cm) 24 28 32 36
Berapa tinggi pokok kacang jika 45g baja diberikan.
+10 +10 +10 +5
Pengiraan:
Jumlah baja (g) 10 20 30 40 45 50
Tinggi pokok kacang (cm) 24 28 32 36 sepatutnya
38 40
+4 +4 +4 +2
Jumlah baja meningkat sebanyak 10 jika 45 meningkat 5 ( separuh ), maka tinggi pokok naik 4
dan jika 45 (juga terpaksa naik separuh iaitu 2) maka tingginya ialah 38 dan BUKAN 40 !
TETAPI terdapat juga soalan yang bertanyakan tentang ramalkan apakah yang akan berlaku
jika…
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MODUL SAINS
TAHUN 4
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BASIC NEEDS
KEPERLUAN ASAS
BASIC NEEDS OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS
KEPERLUAN ASAS MANUSIA DAN HAIWAN
1. The basic needs of humans and animals are food, water, air and shelter.
Keperluan asas manusia dan haiwan ialah makanan, air, udara dan tempat berlindung.
2. Humans and animals need food and water to grow, get energy and stay healthy.
Manusia dan haiwan memerlukan makanan dan air untuk membesar, untuk mendapatkan
tenaga dan kekal sihat.
3. Humans and animals need air to breathe.
Manusia dan haiwan memerlukan udara untuk bernafas.
4. Humans and animals need shelter to protect themselves from danger, the sun and the
rain.
Manusia dan haiwan memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk melindungi diri daripada
bahaya, matahari dan hujan.
BASIC NEEDS OF PLANTS
KEPERLUAN ASAS UNTUK TUMBUHAN
1. The basic needs of plants are water, air and sunlight.
Keperluan asas tumbuhan ialah air, udara dan cahaya matahari.
LIFE PROCESSES
PROSES HIDUP
HUMANS BREATHE
MANUSIA BERNAFAS
1. Humans breathe. Humans use their lungs to breathe.
Manusia bernafas. Manusia bernafas menggunakan paru-paru.
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10. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2. When we breathe we inhale (take in) and exhale (let out) air.
Apabila kita bernafas kita akan menyedut dan menghembuskan udara.
3. The air that flows into the lungs contains more oxygen.
Udara yang memasuki paru-paru mengandungi lebih oksigen.
4. The air that flows out contains more carbon dioxide.
Udara yang dihembus keluar mengandungi lebih karbon dioksida.
nose
windpipe
lungs
The human breathing organs
Organ pernafasan manusia
HUMANS EXCRETE AND DEFECATE
MANUSIA BERKUMUH DAN BERNYAHTINJA
1. Humans excrete and defecate to get rid of waste materials from their bodies.
Manusia berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangan dari badan.
2. Humans excrete urine, sweat and water from their bodies.
Manusia mengumuhkan air kencing, peluh dan air dari badan.
3. The excretory organ of humans are the kidneys, skin and lungs.
Organ perkumuhan manusia adalah ginjal, kulit dan paru-paru.
RESPONSE TO STIMULI
BERGERAK BALAS TERHADAP RANGSANGAN
1. Humans respond to stimuli to protect themselves from danger and for survival.
Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan untuk melindungi diri mereka daripada
bahaya dan kemandirian.
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HUMANS REPRODUCE
MANUSIA MEMBIAK
1. Humans reproduce by giving birth.
Manusia membiak dengan melahirkan anak.
2. Humans need to reproduce to ensure to continuity of humans species on Earth.
Manusia perlu membiak untuk memastikan spesies manusia terus wujud di Bumi ini.
AVOID BAD HABITS
MENJAUHKAN TABIAT BURUK
1. Smoking, taking drugs and drinking alcohol can be harmful to the life processes of
humans.
Merokok, mengambil dadah dan minum arak boleh membahayakan proses hidup
manusia.
ANIMALS EXCRETE AND DEFECATE
HAIWAN BERKUMUH DAN BERNYAHTINJA
1. Animals also excrete and defecate to get rid of waste products from their bodies
Haiwan juga berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada
badan.
2. If they do not excrete or defecate they will fall sick.
Jika haiwan-haiwan tidak berkumuh atau bernyahtinja, haiwan-haiwan itu akan jatuh
sakit.
ANIMALS BREATHE
HAIWAN BERNAFAS
1. All animals breathe. They breathe to live.
Semua haiwan bernafas. Mereka bernafas untuk hidup.
2. Animals breathe through their breathing structures. Examples: lungs, gills, trachea
structure, dan moist skin.
Haiwan bernafas melalui struktur pernafasan masing-masing. Contohnya: paru-paru,
insang struktur trakea dan kulit lembap.
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ANIMAL REPRODUCE
HAIWAN MEMBIAK
1. Animals also reproduce.
Haiwan juga membiak.
2. Some animals give birth and also some lay eggs.
Sesetengah haiwan melahirkan anak dan sesetengah haiwan bertelur.
A COMPLETE CHANGE
PERUBAHAN YANG LENGKAP
1. A life cycle shows the series of stages tahat an animal undergoes as it grows.
Kitar hidup menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang dilalui oleh haiwan semasa haiwan
itu membesar.
The life cycle of frog
Kitar hidup katak
The life cycle of butterfly
Kitar hidup rama-rama
2. Some young animals do not look like their parents. Some young animals look like their
parents.
Sesetengah anak haiwan tidak kelihatan seperti induknya. Sesetengah anak haiwan
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kelihatan seperti induknya.
PLANTS RESPOND TO STIMULI
TUMBUHAN BERGERAK BALAS TERHADAP RANGSANGAN
1. Plants respond to stimuli such as sunlight, water, touch and gravity.
Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan seperti cahaya matahari, air, sentuhan dan
gravity.
2. Plants respond to stimuli to protect themselves from danger or for survival.
Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan untuk melindungi diri daripada bahaya atau
untuk kemandirian.
3. The roots respond to water and gravitiy.
Akar bergerak balas terhadap air dan gravity.
4. The shoots respond to sunlight.
Pucuk bergerak balas terhadap cahaya matahari.
PLANTS REPRODUCE
TUMBUHAN MEMBIAK
1. Plants reproduce to ensure the survival of their species.
Tumbuhan membiak untuk memastikan kemandirian spesiesnya.
2. Plants reproduce in many different ways.
Tumbuhan membiak dalam pelbagai cara.
• through seeds - a papaya plant
melalui biji benih - pokok betik
• through spores - ferns, mushroom
melalui spora - paku pakis, cendawan
• through suckers - banana tree
melalui sulur/ anak pokok - pokok pisang
• through stem-cutting - tapioca, hibiscus plants
melalui keratan batang - pokok ubi kayu, pokok bunga raya
• through leaves - bryophyllum, begonia
melalui daun
• through underground stems - ginger plant
melalui batang bawah tanah - pokok halia
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QUESTIONS ABOUT THE BASIC NEEDS OF LIVING THINGS
SECTION A
BAHAGIAN A
UNIT 1
1. Which of the following are the basic needs of plants?
Antara keperluan asas yang berikut, manakah keperluan asas bagi tumbuhan?
I. Air II. Sunlight
Udara Cahaya matahari
III. Water IV. Food
Air Makanan
A. I and III only C. I,IIIand IV only
I dan III saja I,III dan IV saja
B. I,II,and III only D. I,II,III and IV
I,II dan III saja I,II,III dan IV
2. Humans need shelter to....
Manusia memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk.....
A. stay alive C. grow healthily
kekal hidup membesar dengan sihat
B. keep the air in D. protect them from bad weather
menyimpan udara melindungi diri daripada cuaca buruk
3. The diagram below shows an investigation
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan
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What conclusion can be drawn from the investigation?
Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini?
A. Plants need water to live
Tumbuhan memerlukan air untuk hidup
B. Plants need air to live
Tumbuhan memerlukan udara untuk hidup
C. Plants need food to live
Tumbuhan memerlukan makanan untuk hidup
D. Plants need sunlight to live
Tumbuhan memerlukan cahaya matahari untuk hidup
4. Which of the following is not a basic need of animals?
Antara yang berikut manakah yang bukan keperluan asas haiwan?
A. Space B. Food C. Water D. Air
Ruang Makanan Air Udara
5. Plants absorb water through their.......
Tumbuhan menyerap air melalui........
A. Stems B. Leaves C. Roots D. Branches
Batang Daun Akar Ranting
UNIT 2
1. Look at the information below.
Perhatikan maklumat di bawah.
“Breathing involves inhalation and exhalation.”
“Pernafasan melibatkan menarik nafas dan menghembus nafas”.
What happen during inhalation?
Apakah yang berlaku semasa menarik nafas?
I The lungs expand.
Peparu mengembang.
II The lung contract.
Peparu mengecut.
III Air is forced out of the lungs.
Udara dikeluarkan dari peparu.
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IV Air flows in from outside through the nose.
Udara mengalir dari luar melalui hidung.
A I and III C I and IV
I danIII I dan IV
B II andIII D II and IV
II dan III II dan IV
2. What is the meaning of excretion?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan perkumuhan?
A. The life process to produce offspring.
Proses hidup bagi menghasilkan anak.
B. Something that causes response in humans.
Sesuatu yang menyebabkan manusia bergerakbalas.
C. The process to get rid of urine, sweat and water from the bodies.
Proses penyingkiran air kencing, peluh dan air daripada tubuh.
D. The action to take in air during breathing.
Tindakan menyedut udara masuk ketika bernafas.
3. Smoking is harmful to the body because it can cause
Merokok membahayakan kesihatan kerana ia boleh menyebabkan
I. Lung cancer II. Heart attack III. Diabetic
Kanser paru-paru Serangan jantung Kencing manis
A. I only C. II and III only
I sahaja II dan III sahaja
B. I and II only D. I , II and III
I dan II sahaja I , II dan III
4 . Which of the following animals has the same breathing structure as the grasshopper?
Antara haiwan yang berikut, manakah yang mempunyai struktur pernafasan yang
sama seperti belalang?
A. Duck B. Tadpole C. Turtle D. Cockroach
Itik Berudu Penyu Lipas
5. The diagram shows a plant.
Rajah menunjukkan sejenis tumbuhan.
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The plant reproduces through....
Tumbuhan ini membiak melalui....
A. Leaves B. Spores C. Seeds D. Stem cutting
Daun Spora Biji benih Keratan batang
SECTION B
BAHAGIAN B
1. The table below shows an investigation that is carried out on two plants M and N.
Both plant M and N are of the same type. Both plants are observed after a week.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang dijalankan ke atas dua
tumbuhan M dan N.
Kedua-dua tumbuhan M dan N adalah dari jenis yang sama. Kedua-dua
tumbuhan perhatikan selepas dua minggu.
Plant Presence or absence of water
Tumbuhan Kehadiran atau ketiadaan air
No water
M
Tiada air
Water
N
Air
a) What is the purpose of the investigation ?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
b) State what happen to ?
Nyatakan apa yang terjadi kepada?
i. Plant M : …………………………………………………………..
Tumbuhan M: ..................................................................................
ii. Plant N : …………………………………………………………..
Tumbuhan N: .................................................................................
c) State what to change in the above investigation.
Nyatakan apa yang berubah pada penyiasatan di atas.
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………………………………………………………………………………
d) What can you conclude from the investigation above ?
Apakah kesimpulan anda daripada penyiasatan di atas?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
2. Diagram 1 shows an experiment carried out by a group of students.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperiment yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan pelajar.
Mouse
P Mouse Q
Tikus P Tikus Q
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini ?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) In this experiment, ....
Dalam eksperimen ini,....
i. what is changed ( manipulated variable)?
apakah yang diubah ( pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan) ?
...........................................................................................................................
ii. what is kept the same ( constant variable)?
apakah yang ditetapkan ( pemboleh ubah dimalarkan) ?
...........................................................................................................................
c) What do you think will happen to the mouse Q after five days?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada tikus Q selepas lima hari?
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............................................................................................................................
d) Give one reason (inference) based on your answer in (c).
Beri satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c).
............................................................................................................................
ANIMALS PROTECT THEMSELVES
Protect from danger
1. Animals need to protect themselves from enemis.
Haiwan perlu melindungi diri daripada musuh masing-masing.
2. They have specific characteristic and behaviour to protect themselves rfom
their enemies.
Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri dan kelakuan khusus untuk melindungi diri
daripada musuh.
Living in extreme weather
1. Some animals live in habitats with extreme weather, either very cold or very hot weather.
Sesetengah haiwan hidup di dalam habitat yang mempunyai cuaca yang melampau,
sama ada sangat sangat sejuk atau sangat panas.
2. So, these animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather.
Jadi, haiwan-haiwan ini mempunyai cirri-ciri dan kelakuan khas untuk melindun gi
daripada cuaca yang melampau.
PLANTS PROTECTION
1. Plants have specific characteristics which protect them from their enemies and weather.
Tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas yang melindunginya daripada musuh dan cuaca.
2. Plants have thorns, latex, fine hairs and poisonous substance to protect from the enemies.
Tumbuhan mempunyai getah, bulu halus, duri dan bahan beracun untuk melindungi diri
daripada musuh.
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3. Plants drop their leaves, has waxy leaves, rolling the leaves, leaves and stems that store
water, roots that grow deeply, divides leaves, buttress roots and sheeding leaves to protect
from the cold and hot weather.
Tumbuhan mengugurkan daun, mempunyai daun berlilin, menggulungkan daun, daun
dan batang yang mengandungi air, akar yang tumbuh panjang ke dalam tanah, daun
yang berbelah-belah, akar banir dan menggugurkan daun untuk melindungi diri
daripada cuaca sejuk dan panas.
Questions about the protections
Section A
1. The information below shows how animals S and T protect themselves from danger.
Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan bagaimana haiwan S dan T melindungi daripada
bahaya
S - Rolls its body
Menggulungkan badannya
T - Produces a bad smell
Mengeluarkan bau busuk
What are animals S and T ?
Apakah haiwan S dan T ?
S T
A Pangolin Lizard
Tenggiling Cicak
B Porcupine Chameleon
Landak Sumpah-sumpah
Tortoise Beetle
C
Kura-kura Kumbang
Scorpion Snail
D Kala jengking Siput
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2. Which of the following animals have thick layers of fat under their skin to enable them to
live in cold weather ?
Antara berikut, haiwan yang manakah mempunyai lapisan lemak yang tebal di bawah
kulit untuk membolehkannya hidup dalam cuaca yang sejuk.
I Camel ll Eagle
Unta Helang
III Penguin IV Polar bear
Penguin Beruang kutub
A I and III C II and III
I dan III II dan III
B II and IV D III and IV
II dan IV III dan IV
3. Diagram 1 shows plant P
Rajah 1 menunjukkan tumbuhan P
Diagram 1
Which of the following specific characteristics allow plant P to survive in areas where
there are strong winds?
Antara ciri-ciri khas berikut, yang manakah membolehkan tumbuhan P hidup di kawasan
yang berangin kencang ?
A Having buttress roots C Having flexible stems
Mempunyai akar banir Mempunyai batang yang mudah
melentur
B Having splited leaves D Having needle-shaped leaves
Mempunyai daun berpecah-pecah Mempunayai daun berbentuk jarum
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4. Which of the following characteristics protect a plant from being eaten by animal
Antara ciri yang berikut, manakah yang melindungi tumbuhan daripada dimakan
oleh haiwan ?
P - Has a bad smell
Berbau busuk
Q - Produces sticky latex
Mengeluarkan getah yang melekit
R - Has divided leaves
Mempunyai daun yang berbelah-belah
A P and Q C Q and R
P dan Q Q dan R
B P and R D P, Q and R
P dan R P, Q dan R
5. Which of the following is not the characteristics of animals that live in very hot weather
to lose heat from their bodies ?
Antara yang berikut yang manakah bukan ciri haiwan yang hidup di cuaca yang sangat
panas untuk menghilangkan haba daripada tubuhnya?
A Having long ears
Mempunyai telinga yang panjang
B Having a thick layer of fat
Mempunyai lapisan lemak yang tebal
C Looking for at night
Mencari makanan pada waktu malam
D Staying in the shade during the day
Berlindung di bawah bayang-bayang semasa siang hari.
22

23. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Section B
1. Figure 1 shows an investigation on three potted plants. The plants are left in the Sun and
not watered for two weeks.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu penyiasatan terhadap tiga tumbuhan di dalam pasu.
Tumbuhan dibiarkan di bawah Matahari dan tidak disiram selama dua minggu.
Figure 1 / Rajah 1
The results of the investigation after two weeks are shown in Table 1.
Keputusan penyiasatan selepas dua minggu ditunjukkan di dalan Jadual 2.
Plant Wilted Growing healthy
Tumbuhan Layu Tumbuh dengan subur
Balsam plant / Pokok Keembung
/
Chilli plant / Pokok cili
/
Cactus / Kaktus
/
23

24. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Table 2 / Jadual 2
(a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation ?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini ?
.........................................................................................................................
(b) In this investigation, state
Dalam penyiasatan ini, nyatakan
i. What is change (manipulated variable)
pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
…………………………………………………………………………..
ii. What is observed (responding variable)
pembolehubah bergerak balas
................................................................................................................
(c) Which plant do you think can survive in a dry region ?
Tumbuhan yang manakah pada fikiran kamu boleh hidup di kawasan kering?
…………………………………………………………...…………………………..
(d) Give one reason (inferens) for you answer in (c)
Berikan satu inferens bagi jawapan kamu di (c)
....................................................................................................................................
2. Diagram 1 shows a type of plant and animal.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sejenis tumbuhan dan haiwan.
24

25. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) State the region where the plant and the animal live.
Nyatakan kawasan di mana tumbuhan dan haiwan itu hidup
……………………………………………………………………………
(b) What is the specific characteristic of the plant and the animal which enables them
to survive in their habitat?
Apakah cirri khas tumbuhan dan haiwan itu yang mmembolehkannya hidup di
habitatnya ?
i. K : …………………………………………………………………
ii. L : …………………………………………………………………
`
(c) State the function of the specific characteristic of the plant and the animal that you
have started in (b).
Nyatakan fungsi ciri khas tumbuhn dan haiwan yang kamu nyatakan di (b).
………………………………………………………………………………
MEASUREMENT
Measuring length
1. Length is the distance between two points or two place
Panjang ialah jarak di antara dua titik atau tempat.
2. In olden days, humans used their limbs to measure length.
Pada zaman dahulu, manusia menggunakan anggota badan untuk mengukur
Panjang.
3. Nowdays, ruler and measuring tapes are used as the standard tools to measure length
Kini, pembaris dan pita pengukur digunakan sebagai alat pengukur piawai untuk
mengukur panjang pembaris.
25

26. MODUL SAINS UPSR
4. Metric units are used to measure length. The milimetre (mm) and centimeter (cm) are
used to measure short lengths. The metre (m) and kilometer (km) are used to measure
long length.
Unit metric digunakan untuk mengukur panjang. Milimeter (mm) dan sentimeter (cm)
digunakan untuk mengukur jaraka yang pendek. Meter (m) dan kilometer (km)
digunakan untuk mengukur jarak yang panjang.
5. The circumference or an object or a curve line can be measured by using a ruler and a
thread.
Ukur lilit sesuatu objek atau garis lengkung boleh diukur menggunakan pembaris dan
benang.
Area / luas
1. The area of a surface is the size of the surface
Luas sesuatu permukaan ialah saiz permukaan itu.
2. The area of a square or a rectangle can be obtained by calculating, using the following
formula.
Luas segi empat sama atau segi empat tepat boleh diperolehi dengan penghitungan,
menggunakan formula yang berikut.
Area = Length x Width
Luas = Panjang x lebar
3. The area of small surface is measured in square milimetres (mm) or square centimeters
(cm).
Luas permukaan yang kecil diukur dalam millimeter persegi (mm) atau sentimeter
persegi (cm).
4. The area of large surface is measure in square metres (m) or square kilometers
(km)
Luas permukaan yang besar diukur dalam meter persegi (m) atau kilometer persegi (km)
Volume / isipadu
1. The volume of an object is the size of the space in object .
Isi padu sesuatu objek ialah saiz ruang dalam objek itu.
2. The volume of a cube or cuboid can be obtained by calculation, using the following
formula:
Isipadu kubus atau kuboid boleh diperolehi dengan penghitungan menggunakan formula
yang berikut:
26

27. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Volume = Length x width x height
Isipadu = Panjang x lebar x tinggi
3. Volume is measured in cubic milimeteres (mm), cubic centimeters (cm) or cubic metres
(m).
Isipadu diukur dalam millimeter padu (mm), sentimeter padu (cm), atau meter padu (m)
Volume of a liquid
1. The volume of a liquid can be measured by using a standard object such as a beaker or a
measuring cylinder
Isipadu cecair boleh diukur dengan menggunakan objek piawai seperti bikar atau
silinder penyukat.
2. The volume of a liquid can be measured in cubic centimeters (cm). milimetres (ml) or
litres (l).
Isipadu cecair diukur dalam sentimeter padu (cm), millimeter (ml) atau liter (l).
Measuring mass
1. All things have mass.
Semua benda mempunyai jisim.
2. Mass can be measured by using a lever balance, beam balance or electronic
balance.
Jisim boleh diukur dengan menggunakan neraca tuas, neraca palang atau neraca
elektronik.
3. The standard units of mass in te metric system are the milligram (mg), gram (g) and
kilogram (kg).
Unit piawai bagi jisim dalam system metric ialah milligram (mg), gram (g) dan kilogram
(kg).
Taking time
1. Time is an interval between two events.
Masa ialah selang di antara dua peristiwa.
2. Time can be measured based on process that repeat uniformly.
Masa boleh diukur berdasarkan proses yang berulang secara seragam.
3. In the past, people had invented tools to measured time.
Pada zaman dahulu, manusia telah mencipta alat untuk mengukur masa.
27

28. MODUL SAINS UPSR
4. Nowdays, standard tools such as the stopwatch, digital watch and digital clock are used to
measure time.
Kini alat piawai seperti jam randik, jam tangan digital dan jam berdigit digunakan untuk
mengukur masa.
5. The standard units of time are the scond, minute and hour.
Unit piawai bagi masa ialah saat, minit dan jam.
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MEASUREMENT
Section A
1. What is the suitable measuring unit used for measuring the distance from Melaka to Johor
Bahru ?
Apakah yang sesuai digunakan untuk mengukur jarak dari Melaka ke Johor Bahru ?
A Milimetre C Centimetre
Milimeter Sentimeter
B Metre D Kilometre
Meter Kilometer
2. What is meant by area ?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan luas ?
A Size of space C Size of surface
Saiz suatu ruang Saiz suatu permukaan
B Distance between two point D Height of an object
Jarak di antara dua titik Ketinggian suatu objek
3. Which of the following empty boxes can keep the most number of marbles ?
Antara kotak kosong berikut, yang manakah boleh menampung bilangan guli yang
palaing banyak ?
28

29. MODUL SAINS UPSR
4. The diagram shows the mass of three objects, P, Q and R
Rajah menunjukkan jisim tiga objek, P, Q dan R
Which of the following shows the
correct relationship between the
mass of P,Q and R ?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan betul antara jisim P,Q dan R ?
Section B
1. A group of pupils from 5 Bestari carried out an investigation about the time taken of
pendulum to swing with the different length of string in 20 second.
Sekumpulan murid dari 5 Bestari menjalankan suatu penyiasatan tentang masa yang
diambil untuk bandul berayun dengan benang yang panjang berbeza dalam 20 saat.
29

30. MODUL SAINS UPSR
(a) What is the aim of this investigation
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?
..............................................................................................................................
(b) State :
Nyatakan:
(i) What is change (manipulated variable)?
Apakah yang diubah (pembolehubah dimanipulasi) ?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) What is observe (responding variable) ?
Apakah yang diukur (pembolehubah bergerak balas) ?
..............................................................................................................................
(c) What is the trend of the pendulum swing ?
Apakah corak ayunan bandul ?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Predict how many times the pendulum will swing if 20 cm of string is used?
Ramalkan berapa kali ayunan bandul jika 20 cm benang digunakan?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. In investigation, water is allowed to drip from a can with a hole as shown in Diagram 2.
The volume of dripping water is collected in a measuring cylinder and measured every 5
minutes. Table 2 shows the result of the investigation.
Dalam satu penyiasatan, air dibiarkan menitis dari tin yang berlubang satu seperti
ditunjukkan pada Rajah 2. Isipadu air yang meneitis dikumpulkan di dalam selinder
penyukat dan disukat setiap 5 minit. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi penyiasatan
itu
30

31. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Diagram 2/Rajah 2
Time(minute)/Masa (minit) 0 5 10 15 20
Volume (cm)/Isipadu (cm) 0 10 20 30 40
Table 2/Jadual 2
(a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini ?
.........................................................................................................................
(b) What is the trend of change in the volume of water collected?
Apakah corak perubahan isipadu air yang terkumpul?
……………………………………………………………………………….
(c) In this investigation, state
Dalam penyiasatan ini, nyatakan
(i) what is change (manipulated variable)
Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) what is observed (responding variable)
Pembolehubah yang bergerak balas
………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Predict the volume of water collected in the measuring cylinder after 30 minutes.
Ramalkan isipadu air yang terkumpul di dalam selinder penyukat selepas 30
minit.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1. Objects can be classified according to the materials they are made off.
Objek boleh dikelaskan mengikut bahan yang digunakan.
31

32. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2. Metal, paper, clay, plastics, rubber, leather are the examples of materials.
Logam, kertas, tanah liat, plastic, getah, kulit adalah contoh bahan.
3. Properties of materials:-
Sifat-sifat bahan:-
 Absorb water./ Menyerap air.
 Allow light to pass through. / Membenarkan cahaya menembusi
 Float and sink. / Timbul dan tenggelam
 Can be stretched. / Boleh diregang.
 Conduct heat and electricity / Konduktor haba dan elektrik
4. Metals that conduct heat are called heat conductor and also conductor of electricity.
Logam yang mengalirkan haba juga dipanggil konduktor haba juga konduktor elektrik.
5. Materials that do not conduct electricity are called insulator.
Bahan yang tidak boleh mengalirkan arus elektrik dipanggil penebat.
6. Materials that do not conduct heat are called heat insulator.
Bahan yang tidak mengalirkan haba di panggil konduktor haba.
7. A transparent material allows light to pass through.
Bahan lut sinar adalah bahan yang boleh ditembusi cahaya sepenuhnya.
8. A translucent material allows some light to pass through.
Bahan lut cahaya membenarkan sebahagian cahaya menmbusinya.
9. An opaque material does not allow any light to pass through.
bahan legap menghalang cahaya daripada ditembusi.
10. Natural materials are found in nature (leather, rubber, wood, fur, metal,cotton, silk).
Bahan semulajadi boleh ditemui dari alam (kulit, getah, kayu, bulu, logam, kapas,
sutera).
11. Man made materials are made by human (plastic and synthetic cloth).
Bahan buatan adalah dibuat oleh manusia (plastic dan kain sintatik).
12. Natural and man made materials are limited so we have to reuse, reduce and recycle the
materials to save our environment.
Bahan semulajadi dan buatan adalah terhad , jadi kita perlu menggunakan semula,
mengurangkan penggunaan dan kitar semual bahan untuk menyelamatkan persekitaran
kita.
13. Object made of iron can be rust if exposed to the water and air.
Objek besi boleh berkarat jika terdedah kepada air dan udara.
32

33. MODUL SAINS UPSR
14. The ways to prevent rusting are greasing, painting, tin plating and plastic coating.
Cara mengelakkan pengaratan adalah dengan cara melumur minyak, mengecat, sadur
timah dan sadur plastic.
QUESTIONS ABOUT PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
SECTION A
1. Which of the objects below floats on water?
Manakah antara objek di bawah terapung di atas air ?
A Cork C Glass marble
Gabus guli kaca
B Coin D Ring
Duit syiling gelang
2. Diagram 1 shows a mop.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebatang mop.
Diagram 1
What is the property of X?
Apakah sifat bagi X ?
A It conducts heat. B It floats on water.
Konduktor haba Boleh terapung di atas air
C It absorbs water. D It can be stretched easily.
Boleh menyerap air boleh diregang
3. Which one of the following statements is true?
Manakah pernyataan yang benar ?
A A block of wood conducts electrical energy.
Sepotong kayu mengalir tenaga elektrik.
B A plastic ruler conducts heat.
Pembaris plastik mengalirkan haba.
C A rubber band can be stretched.
33

34. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Getah boleh diregang.
D A piece of leather allows light to pass through it.
Sekeping kulit boleh membenar cahaya menembusinya.
4. What is meant by an insulator?
Apakah maksud penebat?
A An object that floats on water.
Objek yang boleh terapung di atas air.
B An object that can be stretched.
Objek yang boleh diregang.
C An object that does not allow light to pass through it.
Objek yang tidak membenarkan cahaya menembusinya.
D An object that does not conduct electrical energy.
Objek yang tidak boleh mengalirkan tenaga elektrik.
5. Diagram 2 shows an electric plug.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan plug elektrik.
Diagram 2
Which of the following is a property of X?
Apakah antara berikut adalah sifat X?
I Conductor of electrical energy II Conductor of heat
Konduktor elektrik Konduktor haba
III Can be stretched IV Absorbs water
Boleh diregang Menyerap air
A I and II only B I, II, and III only
C II, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV
Section B
1 The bar chart in Diagram 1 shows information gathered by a student on objects used in
the kitchen.
Carta bar di bawah menunjukkan maklumat yang dikumpul oleh murid-murid ke atas
objek yang digunakan di dapur.
34

35. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Diagram 1
(a) What conclusion can be made from the bar chart?
Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada carta bar?
____________________________________________________________________
(b) Suggest one object in the kitchen that is made from…
Cadangkan satu objek di dapur yang diperbuat aripada……..
i. glass.
kaca
____________________________________________________________________
ii. plastic.
plastik
_____________________________________________________________________
(c) Give one reason why cloth objects were not common in the kitchen.
Beri satu sebab mengapa kain tidak biasa di dapur.
____________________________________________________________________
2 Diagram 2 shows an experiment carried out by a group of pupils.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid.
35

36. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Diagram 2
(a) What is the aim of the experiment?
Apakah tujuan eksperimen ini?
____________________________________________________________________
(b) In the experiment, …
Dalam eksperimen ini……
i. what is being changed?: _______________________________________________
Apa yang diubah?
ii. what is observed?: ___________________________________________________
Apa yang diperhatikan?
(c) Name the type of material used in…
Namakan jenis bahan yang digunakan untuk…………
i. P: ________________________________________________________________
ii. Q: _______________________________________________________________
iii. R: ________________________________________________________________
SOLAR SYSTEM
1. The main constituents of the Solar System are the Sun and the planets.
Ahli dalam Sistem Solar adalah matahari dan planet.
2. The sequence of planets starting from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Urutan planet bermula daripada matahari adalah Utarid, Zuhrah, Bumi, Marikh, Musytari,
Zuhal, Uranus, Neptune dan Pluto.
3. The planets differ in size and distance from the sun.
Planet berbeza dari segi saiz dan jarak dari matahari.
4. The planets have very different conditions on their surface.
36

37. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Planet mempunyai keadaan permukaan yang berbeza.
5. The sun is in the centre of Solar system.
Matahari adalah pusat dalam Sistem solar.
6. The sun is very big compared to the planets.
Matahari sangat besar jika dibandingkan dengan planet.
7. All planets move round the sun.
Semua planet beredar mengelilingi matahari.
8. The ratio of the size of the moon to earth and to the sun is 1:4:400.
Nisbah saiz bulan dengan bumi dan matahari adalah 1:4:400.
9. The distance from earthto the sun is 400 times the distance from the moon to earth.
Jarak dari bumi ke matahari ialah 400 kali jarak daripada bulan ke bumi.
10. Earth has water, air and suitable temperature to support life.
Bumi mengandungi air, udara dan suhu yang sesuai untuk menampung hidupan.
11. If earth is too near to the sun, it will be to hot to support life.
Jika bumi terlalu dekat dengan matahari, ia akan menjadi terlalu panas untuk menampung
hidupan.
12. If earth is to near to the sun., it will be to cold to support life.
Jika bumi terlalu jauh dengan matahari, ia akan menjadi terlalu sejuk untuk menampung
hidupan.
13. Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has life on it.
Hanya bumi dalam system solar ini yang mengandungi hidupan.
QUESTION ABOUT THE MOON EARTH AND SUN
Section A
1 . Which of the following statements is not true about the Solar System?
A The Solar System consists only of planets.
B The Sun is the central of the Solar System.
C All planets in the Solar System move around the Sun.
D All planets in the Solar System receive light and heat from the Sun.
2 . The following are four planets in the Solar System.
37

38. MODUL SAINS UPSR
K – NEPTUNE
L – VENUS
M– JUPITER
N – SATURN
The order of the planets from the Sun is as follows.
A K, M, L, N
B L, M, N, K
C M, L, N, K
D M, K, L, N
3 . Diagram 1 shows the position of planet P, the Earth and planet Q from the Sun.
Diagram 1
What are planet P and Q?
P Q
A Mars Saturn
B Pluto Mercury
C Uranus Mars
D Venus Mars
4. Diagram 6 shows the position of planet Earth in the Solar System.
Diagram 6
38

39. MODUL SAINS UPSR
What will happen if the Earth is placed at X?
I The Earth will receive more light and heat from the Sun.
II The Earth will be very cold.
III All living things will die.
A I and II only B I and III only
C II and III only D I, II and III
5 . What is the natural satellite orbiting round the Earth?
A The Sun B The Moon
C The asteroid D The meteoroid
Section B
1 The following table shows data gathered by a group of pupils.
Planet Distance from the Sun Time taken to make one
(million km) complete movement around
the Sun (year)
P 150 1
Q 780 12
R 1430 30
S 2870 84
T 4500 165
(a) What is the trend for the time taken to make one complete movement around the
Sun?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) State the relationship between the distance from the Sun and the time taken to make one
complete movement around the Sun.
_________________________________________________________________
39

40. MODUL SAINS UPSR
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Planet X takes 2 years to make one complete movement around the Sun. Predict the
position of planet X.
_________________________________________________________________
LIVING THINGS EXIST ONLY
ON PLANET P.
(d) Give two reasons that can be made from the above statement.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
Technology around us
Human limitations
1. Humans can do various things by using their brains, parts of their bodies and sensory
organs.
Manusia dapat melakukan pelbagai perkara dengan menggunakan otak, anggota
badan dan organ deria.
2. However, the ability of humans to do things is limited.
Walau bagaimanapun keupayaan manusia untuk melakukan sesuatu perkara adalah
terhad.
3. Huamans have invented various devices to overcome their limititations.
Manusia telah mencipta perlbagai alat untuk mengatasi had keupayaaan.
Development of technology
1. Development of technology has change the lives of humans in the field of
communication, transportation, agriculture and constrution.
Perkembangan teknologi telah mengubah kehidupan manusia dalam bidang
komunikasi, pengangkutan, pertanian dan pembinaan.
40

41. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Solving problems
1. Technology is used to invent machines to help us in our daily work.
Technology digunakan untuk mereka cipta mesin-mesin bagi membantu manusia
dalam kerja harian.
Advantanges and disadvantages
1. Technology gives us many advantages. For example, machines help to increase
productivity in agriculture.
Teknologi memberi kita banyak kebaikan. Sebagai contoh, mesin membantu
meningkatkan pengeluaran hasil pertanian.
2. Technology also brings disadvantages. For example, factories release toxic gases
and waste products that cause air and water pollution
Teknologi juga membantu keburukan. Sebagai contoh, kilang-kilang melepaskan gas
bertoksik dan sisa buangan yang menyebabkan pencemaran udara dan air.
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TEACHNOLOGY
SECTION A
1 Which of the following devices can be used to overcome the limitation of humans?
I Rocket
II Telephone
III Elevator
A I and II only C I and III only
B II and III only D I, II and III
2 Diagram 1 shows a device used to overcome human limitation.
41

42. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Diagram 1
This device is used in…
A transportation. C communication.
B agriculture. D medical.
3 Diagram 4 shows different types of air transportation.
Diagram 4
Which of the following is the correct order in the development of air transportation?
AP→ Q→ R→ S
BQ→ P→ S→ R
CR→ P→ S→ Q
DS→ P→ Q→ R
4 Which of the following is true about the advantages of development of technology?
I Make human more comfortable
II Make the work easier and faster
III Improve the health standards of humans
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
42

43. MODUL SAINS UPSR
5 In ancient time, the cave people draw on the cave walls. This shows the way they…
I save the information.
II produce arts.
III communicate with other people.
IV decorate their homes.
A II and III only
B III and IV only
C I, II and III only
D I, II, III and IV
SECTION B
1 A teacher carried out an experiment to test the limitation of humans in remembering
objects. He uses five students in his experiment. Each student is given two minutes to
remember 20 objects. After that, the objects are covered up with a cloth. Each student has
to list the names of the objects. Table 1 shows the results of the experiment.
Student L M N O P
Total objects can be 5 8 12 7 10
remembered
Table 1
(a) What can you say about the result above?
_________________________________________________________________
(b) In the experiment, ...
i. what is being changed?: ___________________________________________
ii. what is measured?: _______________________________________________
(c) i. Which organ is involved in this experiment?
_________________________________________________________________
ii. What is the device that can help humans to overcome the limitation of the
organ mentioned above?
(d) What conclusion can you make from this experiment?
_________________________________________________________________
43

44. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2 Table 2 shows the time taken to travel across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe to America
using different types of transport.
Year Types of transportation Time taken to travel
1852 Sailing boat 11 days
1938 Steamship 5 days
1985 Cruiser 26 hours
Table 2
(a) State two statements that you can make from this table.
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
(b) What is the benefit we can get from the invention of the aeroplane engine?
_________________________________________________________________
(c) State one latest technology that allow people to go deep in the sea.
_________________________________________________________________
44

45. MODUL SAINS UPSR
MODUL SAINS
TAHUN 5
Microorganisam
1. Microorganism are tiny living things.
Microorganism bermaksud hidupan seni (kecil).
45

46. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2. Microorganisms are small that we cannot see them with the naked eyes. We need to use a
microscope to see microorganism.
Microorganisma adalah sangat kecil sehingga tidak dapat dilihat oleh mata kasar. Kita
perlu menggunakan mikroskop untuk melihat mikroorganisma.
Types of microorganism
There are four main types of microorganism.
Terdapat empat jenis microorganisma yang utama.
(a) bacteria
Bacteria
(b) virus
Virus
(c) fungi
Fungi
(d) Protozoa
Protozoa
Bacteria
1. Bacteria are very tiny.
Bakteria ialah organisma yang sangat kecil.
2. They exist in various forms.
Bakteria wujud dalam pelbagai bentuk.
3. Bacteria can be found in the air, in water, in soil and on the surfaces that you touch. They
live in your body too.
Bakteria terdapat di udara, di dalam air, di dalam tanah serta di permukaan yang kamu
sentuh. Bakteria hidup di dalam tubuh kamu juga.
Virus
1. Viruses are the smallest microorganism.
Virus ialah microorganisma yang paling kecil.
Protozoa
1. Protozoa are larger than viruses and bacteria
Protozoa lebih besar daripada virus dan bacteria
46

47. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2. They are aquatic organisms.
Protozoa ialah organisma akuatik
Fungi
1. Fungi are the largest of the four types of microorganism
Fungi adalah yang paling besar antara keempat-empat microorganisma
2. Fungi reproduce from spores
Fungi membiak daripada spora
3. Mushrooms, moulds and yeast are examples of fungi
Cendawan, kulapuk dan yis adalah contoh-contoh fungi
Characteristic of microorganism
Ciri-ciri microorganisma
1. Microorganisms breathe to survive.
Microorganisma bernafas untuk terus hidup
2. Microorganisms grow when conditions are suitable
Microorganisma bertumbuh apabila keadaan sesuai.
3. Microorganisms move in their own ways
Microorganisma bergerak dengan caranya yang tersendiri.
Friends or foes
1. Some microorganisms are useful but some are harmful
Sesetengah microrganisma adalah berguna dan sesetengahnya berbahaya.
2. Useful microorganisms can be used in making food.
Mikroorganisma yang berguna boleh digunakan untuk membuat makanan
3. Harmful microorganisms may cause diseases.
Microorganisma yang berbahaya boleh menyebabkan penyakit.
4. Diseases caused by microorganisms can spread from one person to another.
Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh microorganisma boleh merebak daripada seorang
kepada seorang yang lain.
5. They are called contagious diseases.
Ia disebut penyakit berjangkit.
6. A contagious disease can spread through the air, water, food, contact and animals.
Penyakit berjangkit boleh merebak melalui udara, air, makanan, sentuhan dan haiwan.
47

48. MODUL SAINS UPSR
7. Diseases caused by harmful microorganisms can be prevented by :
Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh microorganisma yang berbahaya boleh dicegah dengan
cara :
(a) washing hands before handling food or after using the toilet
Membasuh tangan sebelum mengendalikan makanan atau selepas menggunakan
tandas
(b) boiling water or food to kill microorganisms
Memasak air atau makanan untuk membunuh microorganisma
(c) covering the mouth or nose when coughing or sneezing
menutup mulut dan hidung ketika batuk atau bersin
(d) covering wounds
Membalut luka
(e) quarantine
Kuarantin
QUESTIONS ABOUT MICROORGANISM
SECTION A
1 Microorganism is a...
A living thing that has wings
B living thing that lives in water
C small living thing that can be seen with the naked eye
D very tiny living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye
2 Aisyah makes dough by mixing the following ingredients:
Flour, warm water, dried yeast, sugar
After 20 minutes, the dough rises. This because…
A the yeast dies
B the yeast grows.
C the yeast moves.
D the yeast breathes.
3 Which of the following statements is not true about microorganisms?
A Microorganisms are living things.
B Microorganisms breathes and grows.
C Microorganisms cannot be seen with naked eyes.
D Microorganisms cannot move from place to place.
48

49. MODUL SAINS UPSR
4 Which of the following pairs is correct?
Disease Caused by
A Flu Virus
B Mumps Fungi
C Scabies Bacteria
D measles Protozoa
5 Which of the following ways can prevent diseases caused by microorganisms from
spreading?
I Cover up open wounds
II Cover the mouth when coughing
III Wash hands after using the toilet
IV Wash hands before handling foodstuff
A I, II and III only
B I, III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
SECTION B
1.
49

50. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Figure 1
P, Q and R are three similar bowls of rice. Each was sprinkled with different amounts of water as
shown in Figure 1. Table 1 below shows the results of the investigation.
Amount of water Time taken to be
Rice
sprinkled mouldy
P 5 4 days
Q 15 3 days
R 25 2 days
Table 1
(a) What is the aim of this investigation ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the following variables ;
1. Manipulate variable :……………………………………………..………………
2. Responding variable :…………………………………………..…………………
(c) State two controlled variables ;
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) What is the conclusion from this investigation ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES
KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES
50

51. MODUL SAINS UPSR
SURVIVAL OF ANIMAL SPECIES
KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES HAIWAN
1. Species means similar types of living things that can breed among themselves.
Spesies ialah hidupan yang sama jenis dan boleh membiak antara satu dengan yang lain.
2. Survival of species means the ability of living things to continue to live in spite of
difficulty or danger.
Kemandirian spesies bermaksud keupayaan hidupan untuk meneruskan hidup dalam
keadaan susah ataupun bahaya.
3. Animals have to reproduce to ensure survival of their species.
Haiwan perlu membiak untuk memastikan kemandirian spesiesnya.
4. For this reason, some animals need to take care of their eggs and young.
Untuk tujuan ini, sesetengah haiwan perlu menjaga telur dan anaknya.
5. Some examples of animals that take care of their eggs and young are shown in the table
below
Beberapa contoh haiwan yang menjaga telur dan anaknya ditunjukkan seperti didalam
jadual di bawah.
Bil Haiwan Take care of their eggs or their young
Animals Cara menjaga anak dan telur
1 A spider A spider carries its eggs in a sac
Labah-labah Labah-labah membawa telurnya di dalam uncang
51

52. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2 A kanggaroo A kanggaroo carries its young in its pouch
Kanggaru Kanggaru membawa anaknya di dalam kantung
3 Cows Cows stay in herds to protect their calves
Lembu Lembu hidup didalam kawanan yang besar untuk
melindungi anaknya
4 A bird A bird feeds its young
Burung Burung memberi makan kepada anaknya
5 A snake A snake coils itself around its eggs
Ular Ular melingkari telurnya
6 A cat A cat nurses its young
Kucing Kucing menyusukan anaknya
6. Some animals do not take care of their eggs and young.
Sesetengah haiwan tidak menjaga terlur dan anaknya
7. These animals have their own ways of ensuring their young are able to grow into adults.
Haiwan-haiwan ini mempunyai cara yang tersendiri untuk memastikan anaknya dapat
membesar sehingga dewasa.
a) A butterfly lays its eggs on the lower surface of a leaf.
Rama-rama bertelur di permukaan bawah daun.
b) A turtle buries its eggs in the sand
Penyu menimbus telurnya di dalam pasir.
PLANT SURVIVAL
KEMANDIRIAN TUMBUHAN
1. The seeds or fruits of plants need to be dispersed to ensure the survival of their species.
Biji benih atau buah tumbuhan perlu dipencarkan untuk memastikan kemandirian
spesiesnya.
2. Seeds or fruits are dispersed in the following ways.
Biji benih atau buah dipencarkan dengan cara yang berikut:
52

53. MODUL SAINS UPSR
a) By water - coconut
Melalui air – buah kelapa
b) By animals -papaya
Melalui haiwan -betik
c) By the wind - angsana
Melalui angin - angsana
d) By explosive mechanism – balsam seeds
Melalui mekanisme letupan- buah keembong
3. The characteristics of fruits dispersed by
Ciri-ciri buah yang dipencarkan oleh
Dispersal Characteristics fruits
Wind Small, light, and have wing- like structure Petrea, meranti, angsana
Angin Kecil, ringan dan mempunyai struktur seperti
sayap
Small, light and have fine hairs Klematis, kapas, lalang
Kecil, ringan dan banyak bulu halus
Animals Bright colours Rambutan, betik, manggis
Haiwan Warna yangn cerah
Nice smells Namgka, durian, mangga
Bau yang enak
Hard seeds Jambu batu, cili
Biji benih kulit keras
Hooks or spines Semalu , kemuncup
Bercangkuk atau berduri
Water Light, waxy skins, air space Buah bakau, kelapa, teratai
Air Ringan, kulit berlilin, mempunyai rongga
udara
Explosive Hard skin, Buah getah, buah jarak,
mechanism Kulit keras keembong
Mekanisma The skin of the fruits are dry when mature
letupan Kulit buahnya kering apabila matang
QUESTION SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES
SOALAN KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES
Section A
Bahagian A
53

54. MODUL SAINS UPSR
1. Which of the following animals takes care of its young?
Antara haiwan yang berikut, manakah yang menjaga anaknya?
A. Frog C. Snake
Katak Ular
B. Tiger D. Nyamuk
Harimau Mosquito
2. The following information states the characteristics of a seed.
Maklumat berikut menyatakan tentang ciri-ciri sejenis biji benih.
I am small and light
Saya kecil dan ringan
I have wings too
Saya juga mempunyai kepak
I can disperse far away from my parents
Saya boleh disebar jauh daripada induk
After I fall, I will germinate
Selepas saya jatuh, saya akan bercambah
What is the dispersion agent for the seed?
Apakah agen penyebaran biji benih itu?
A Water C Animal
Air Haiwan
B Wind D Explosive mechanism
Angin Mekanisma letupan
3. Pictures S, T, U and V shows activities of an animal.
Gambar S, T, U dan V menunjukkan aktiviti satu haiwan.
54

55. MODUL SAINS UPSR
What is shown by the activities?
Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh aktiviti itu?
A. Competition C. Conservation
persaingan Pemuliharaan
B. Preservation D. Survival of the species
pemeliharaan Kemandirian spesies
4. The picture shows two groups of fruit.
Gambar menunjukkan dua kumpulan buah.
How are the seeds of the different groups of fruit dispersed?
Bagaimanakah biji benih bagi kumpulan buah yang berbeza itu disebarkan?
Group P Group Q
Kumpulan P Kumpulan Q
A. Explosive mechanism Animals
Mekanisma letupan Haiwan
B. Animals Explosive mechanism
Haiwan Mekanisma letupan
C. Wind Explosive mechanism
Angin Mekanisma letupan
55

56. MODUL SAINS UPSR
D. Water Wind
Air Angin
5. P, Q, R, and S are four types of fruit.
P, Q, R, dan S adalah empat jenis buah.
Which of following give possible ways for the fruits to disperse the seeds?
Antara berikut manakah cara penyebaran yang betul bagi biji benih buah-buah itu?
Fruits Ways of Dispersion
Buah Cara penyebaran
P Explosive mechanism
Mekanisme letupan
Q Animal
Haiwan
R Wind
Angin
S Water I. P
Air
II. Q
III. R
IV. S
A I and II only C II, III, and IV only
I dan II sahaja II, III, dan IV sahaja
B I, III, and IV only D I, II, III, and IV
I, III, dan IV sahaja I, II, III, dan IV
SECTION B
56

57. MODUL SAINS UPSR
1. Table 1 shows the percentage of the offspring of the two animals that can live until
adulthood.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan peratus bagi anak kedua-dua haiwan ini yang dapat hidup
sehingga dewasa.
Type of animals Turtle Chicken
Jenis haiwan penyu ayam
The percentage of offspring
that can live until adulthood
Peratus bagi anak haiwan 10% 95%
yang dapat hidup sehingga
dewasa.
Table 1
Jadual 1
a. Based on the information in the table above, state the animals that
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam jadual di atas, nyatakan haiwan yang
i.Take care of its offspring : ________________________________
Menjaga anaknya
ii.Does not take care of its offspring :_________________________
Tidak menjaga anaknya
b. State a relationship between whether or not an animal takes care of its offspring and
the number of offsprings it produces.
Nyatakan hubungan antara sama ada haiwan yang menjaga anaknya atau tidak
dengan peratus anak haiwan yang dapat hidup hingga dewasa.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c. What is observed in this investigation ?
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan dalam penyiasatan ini ?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d. How does animal X maintain the survival of its species?
Bagaimanakah haiwan X mengekalkan kemandirian spesiesnya ?
e. Give another two animals do not take care their eggs?
57

58. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Berikan dua contoh haiwan lain yang tidak menjaga telur ?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. The table below shows the number of turtles that lay eggs on an island.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bilangan penyu yang bertelur di sebuah pulau.
Year Number of turtles that lay eggs
Tahun Bilangan penyu yang bertelur
2002 2
2006 5
2010 7
(a) State one reason (inference) based on this information.
Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan maklumat-maklumat ini.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
(b) Write one reason on the number of turtles that lay eggs to support the answer in 1(a)
Tuliskan satu pemerhatian tentang bilangan penyu yang bertelur untuk menyokong
jawapan dalam 1 (a).
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
(c) State what is changed (manipulated variable).
Nyatakan pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan.
____________________________________________________________________
(d) Predict what will happen if the island is developed into a holiday resort.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku jika pulau itu dibangunkan menjadi tempat
peranginan.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS
RANTAI MAKANAN DAN SIRATAN MAKANAN
58

59. MODUL SAINS UPSR
FOOD CHAINS
RANTAI MAKANAN
1. All living things need food to live
Semua hidupan memerlukan makanan untuk hidup
2. Green plants can make their own food but animals cannot make their own food
Tumbuan hijau membuat makanannya sendiri tetapi haiwan tidak boleh membuat
makanannya sendiri.
3. Animals can group into three groups
Haiwan boleh dikelaskan di dalam tiga kumpulan
a. Herbivores – animals that eat plants only – cow
Herbivor – haiwan yang makan tumbuhan sahaja – lembu
b. Carnivores – animals that eat other animals only – tiger
Karnivor – haiwan yang makan haiwan sahaja – harimau
c. Omnivores – animals that eat both plants and other animals. - chicken
Omnivor -haiwan yang makan tumbuhan dan haiwan lain – ayam
4. This give rise to food relationship between the living thing examples paddy is eaten by
grasshoppers or frog are eaten by snakes
Hal ini menyebabkan wujudnya hubungan makanan antara hidupan seperti padi
dimakan oleh belalang atau katak dimakan oleh ular
PADDY GRASSHOPPER FROG SNAKE
PADI BELALANG KATAK ULAR
5. All food chains begins with green plants and that call producers
Semua rantai makanan bermula dengan tumbuhan yang dikenali sebagai pengeluar.
6. Animals depend on plants or other animals for food are called consumers
Haiwan yang bergantung kepada tumbuhan atau haiwan lain sebagai makanan dikenali
sebagai pengguna
FOOD WEB
SIRATAN MAKANAN
1. A type of food can be found in several food chains
Satu jenis makanan boleh terlibat dalam beberapa rantai makanan
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60. MODUL SAINS UPSR
2. The two or more food chains can be combined to form the following food web
Dua atau lebih rantai makanan boleh digabungkan menjadi satu siratan makanan.
grasshopper
belalang
Paddy plant sparrow frog
Pokok padi burung pipit katak
Rat eagle
Tikus burung helang
Example of food web
Contoh satu siratan makanan
3. The food chains founds in the above food web are as shown below
Rantai-rantai makanan yang terdapat dalam siratan makanan di atas ialah :
i. Paddy plant grasshopper frog eagle
Pokok padi belalang katak helang
ii. Paddy plant sparrow frog eagle
Pokok padi burung pipit katak helang
iii. Paddy plant rat frog eagle
Pokok padi tikus katak helang
4. Food web are important to sustain the balance of nature
Siratan makanan adalah penting bagi mengekalkan keseimbangan alam sekitar.
5. The balance of nature is ensured if the population of the different species of living things
in nature are controlled.
Keseimbangan alam sekitar terjamin jika populasi sesuatu spesies dalam alam sekitar
terkawal.
6. Food webs control the populations of species in an area.
Siratan makanan dapat memastikan tidak terlalu banyak atau terlalu sedikit sesuatu
jenis hidupan di suatu kawasan.
7. A change in the population of a certain species will affect populations of other species.
Perubahan dalam populasi sesuatu spesies akan mempegaruhi populasi spesies lain.
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61. MODUL SAINS UPSR
8. If as species becomes extinct, all other animals that depend on the species for food may
also become extinct or move to another place.
Jika sesuatu jenis hidupan pupus, hidupan lain yang bergantung padanya sebagai
sumber makanan mungkin pupus atau berpindah ke kawasan lain.
QUESTION ABOUT THE FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
SOALAN RANTAI MAKANAN DAN SIRATAN MAKANAN
BAHAGIAN A
1. The picture show four types of living things in a habitat.
Gambar menunjukkan empat jenis hidupan dalam suatu habitat.
When all the paddy plants are destroyed by the grasshoppers, the following events
will happen.
Bila pokok padi dimusnahkan oleh belalang , peristiwa berikut akan berlaku
J- Food supply for humans will be reduced
J- Sumber makanan manusia akan berkurang
K- Carnivores will die
K- Karnivor akan mati
L- Herbivores will die
L- Herbivor akan mati
M- Source of food for animals will be reduced
M- Sumber makanan bagi haiwan akan berkurang
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the events?
Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan urutan yang betul bagi peristiwa itu?
A J, K, L, M C M, J, L, K
B L, K, M, J D M, L, K, J
2. The pictures show five types of animals in an oil palm estate
Gambar menunjukkan lima jenis haiwan dalam ladang kelapa sawit.
61

62. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Rat destroyed the oil palm fruit in the estate. Owls were reared to decrease the number of
rats. Which other animals will also decrease?
Tikus telah merosakkan buah kelapa sawit di lading itu. Burung hantu dibela untuk
mengurangkan bilangan tikus. Haiwan lain yang manakah akan turut berkurang?
A Mosquitos and snakes C Snakes and sparrows
Nyamuk dan ular Ular dan burung pipit
B Mosquitos and grasshoppers D Grasshoppers and sparrow
Nyamuk dan belalang sparrows Belalang dan burung pipit
3. In a particular habitat, a variety of living things are found. The bar chart in Diagram 3
shows the number of three types of living things in the habitat.
Dalam suatu habitat,terdapat pelbagai jenis hidupan.Carta palang dalam Rajah 3
menunjukkan bilangan tiga jenis hidupan di habitat itu.
Number
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Paddy Rat Eagle Living
plant ththin
Diagram 3 gs
All the rats are eliminated. Which of the following bar charts do you expect would shows the
changes in number of paddy lants and eagles?
Semua tikus telah di hapuskan. Antara carta palang berikut, yang manakah kamu jangka boleh
menunjukkan perubahan ke atas bilangan pokok padi dan helang.
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63. MODUL SAINS UPSR
Number Number
A 8 C 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
Paddy Eagle Living Paddy Eagle Living
plant things plant things
Number Number
B 8 D 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
Paddy Eagle Living Paddy Eagle Living
plant things plant things
4. Diagram 4 shows a food chain.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu rantai makanan.
63