1.  Writing or speech not meant to be taken
literally.
 Writers use figurative language to express
ideas in vivid and imaginative ways.

2.  Irony – a contrast between what is stated and
what is meant, or what is expected to happen
and what actually happens.
 Sarcasm (Verbal Irony) – a word or phrase is
used to suggest the opposite of its usual
meaning
 Dramatic Irony – a contradiction between
what a character thinks and what the reader
or audience know

3.  Irony continued…
 Irony of Situation – an event occurs that
contradicts the expectations of the
characters, of the reader or audience

4.  Satire – writing that ridicules or criticizes
individuals, ideas, institutions, social
conventions or other works of art or
literature.
 Allegory – story where the characters and
situation are symbolic of something else
 Understatement – a statement that lessens or
minimizes the importance of what is meant

5.  Poetic Devices
 Symbolism
 Personification
 Metaphor
 Alliteration
 Simile
 Idiom
 Hyperbole
 Rhyme