1. Chapter 3 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and
Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Population Geography
Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta

2. Key Concepts
• Census
• Demographics
• Population Dynamics
• Movement of Population
• Population Patterns
• Sustainable Development
Figure 3.1 Biometric census taking in
India, 2011
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3. Demography
• Characteristics of a
human population
– Gender, race, age, income,
disabilities, education, etc
• Census
– Vital records
– Limitations
Figure 3.2 Accuracy of
the 1990 U.S. census
Apply your knowledge: Give an example, other than the
Iraq case, of how the census is more than just counting
people.
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4. Population Distribution
Figure 3.3 World population density, 2010
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5. Population Distribution, (cont'd)
• Geographic reasons
– Environmental &
physical factors
– Political & economic
experiences
– Cultural
characteristics
• Examine at many
scales Figure 3.4 Population distribution of Egypt
– Global, national,
regional, metropolitan
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6. A New Sense of Identity, USA
[Insert Figure 3.A]
Figure 3.B Mixed-race Americans, by region
Figure 3.A Mixed-race
Americans
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7. Population Density and Composition
• Crude (arithmetic)
density
• Nutritional density
• Agricultural density
Figure 3.5 Mexico City, a classic high-density
urban settlement
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8. Health Care Density
Figure 3.6 Countries with a high proportion of old people face unique challenges. This map
shows the ratio of physicians to the population by nation.
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9. Age-Sex Pyramids
• Shape of pyramid
is dependent on
proportion of
people in each
age cohort
• Dependency ratio
Figure 3.7 Population of Germany by age
and sex, 2000
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10. Age-Sex Pyramids, (cont'd)
Figure 3.8 Population Pyramids of Core and Peripheral
Countries
Apply your knowledge: Why do researchers divide the
population of a country into youth, middle, and old-age
cohorts? What do these categories indicate about the
potential of a country's population?
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11. U.S. Population
• Baby Boom generation
– Born 1946-1964
• Demographic, political,
and economic factors
– Suburbanization
• Aging of the core
countries
Figure 3.D Improved health care leading to
• Impacts on younger longer life expectancies
Americans
– The Net Generation
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12. U.S. Population, (cont'd)
Figure 3.9 U.S. baby boomers, 1960-2040
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13. Birth (or Fertility) Rates
• Crude birthrate (CBR)
• Total fertility rate (TFR)
• Doubling time
Table 3.3 TFR provides more insight into the
potential of a population
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14. Death (or Mortality) Rates
• Crude death rate (CDR)
• Infant mortality rate
• Life expectancy
Figure 3.12 World crude death rates, 2009 &
2010
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15. Death (or Mortality) Rates, (cont'd)
Figure 3.14 World infant mortality rates 2009
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16. World Rates of Natural Increase, 2009
Figure 3.13
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17. HIV Infection, 2010
Figure 3.15
Apply your knowledge: How does the level of wealth of
a country affect its ability to respond to health issues like
HIV/AIDS, infant mortality, or life expectancy?
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18. Demographic Transition Theory
Figure 3.16 Demographic
transition model
Figure 3.17 World trends in birth and
death rates, 1775-2050
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19. Demographic Transition Theory, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Why would a country be
concerned about its population being too small? What
might a country gain by increasing or decreasing the
birthrate?
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20. Mobility and Migration
• Emigration • Voluntary migration
• Immigration – Guest workers
• International & – Undocumented
workers
internal migration
• Forced migration
– Permanent &
• Refugees
temporary
• Gross & net migration • Internally displaced
persons (IDPs)
• Push and pull factors
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21. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.18 Global voluntary migration, 2005
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22. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
• Great Recession and
undocumented
workers
• Transnational
migrants
• Eco-migration
Figure 3.19 Controversy surrounds
immigration over the U.S./Mexico border. The
Samaritans' mission is to end immigration
related death and suffering.
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23. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.E Internally displaced persons, 2007
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24. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.21 Iraqi diaspora before 2003
and since
Figure 3.22 Palestinian refugees
in the Middle East
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25. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.23 Changing demographic center of
the U.S. 1790-2010
Figure 3.24 U.S. Rustbelt -- where population
was impacted by the movement of
corporations
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26. Population Debates and Policies
• Population and
Resources
– Malthus
– Neo-Malthusians
• Population policy
Figure 3.27 World population
projections
Figure 3.29 Educating girls in
Afghanistan
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27. Population Issues
• Sustainable
Development
• Gender Issues
• Neoliberalism
Apply your knowledge: What do you consider to be
the most pressing issue with respect to global
population growth? Why?
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28. Future Geographies
• 2011 population:
nearly 7 billion
• Projected to
increase
– 9.3 billion by 2050
– Core vs. periphery
growth
• What will happen in
the future?
Figure 3.31 Shanghai, China: one of
– How will urban the world's largest cities at 14 million
systems keep up?
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29. End of Chapter 3
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