Digital Data Conversion Guide

INDE
X●
1. CONCEPTS
●
2. DIGITAL TEXT
●
3. DIGITAL IMAGE AND PHOTOGRAPHY
●
4. DIGITAL SOUND
●
5. DIGITAL VIDEO
●
6. DIGITAL DATA CONVERSION
●
7. MORE CONCEPTS
●
8. WEB PROGRAMS USED FOR DIGITAL DATA
CONVERSION
●
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

● MULTIMEDIA
“Multimedia” refers to any
system or content (physical or
digital) whose aim is to store,
transmit or comunicate
information.

● FILE FORMAT
A file format is a standard
way that information is
encoded for storage in a
computer file. It specifies
how bits are used to encode
information in a digital
storage medium.

●
DIGITAL INFORMATIONDIGITAL INFORMATION
Digital information is data stored in
computers and in other digital media
devices.
(This usually implies the digital
codification of the information, turning it
into simplyfied messages that the
machinges can work with).

●
ANALOG IMFORMATIONANALOG IMFORMATION
Information that is continuous,
that is, any piece of information
that can take on any of an infinite
set of values, is said to be
analog. For example, the time,
the temperature, the speed of
your car.

Examples of digital informationExamples of digital information
and analog informationand analog information
● DIGITAL
- CD Audio
- Computer's binary
system
- Voltage
● ANALOG
- Time
- Temperature
- Speed
- Preassure

Character fonts
A character font is a set of printable or displayable
text characters in a specific style and size. The
type design for a set of fonts is the typeface and
variations of this design form the typeface family.

● DOC
In computing, DOC or
doc (an abbreviation
of 'document') is a
filename extension for
word processing
documents, most
commonly in the
proprietary Microsoft
Word Binary File
Format.

●
DOCXDOCX
DOCX is a file extension
brought into use by
Microsoft beginning with
Microsoft Word 2007
documents. A file
extension is a suffix to a
computer file name
Newer Word documents
that use an OpenXML file
format have the .DOCX
file extension

HTML
HyperText Markup Language, commonly referred
to as HTML, is the standard markup language
used to create web pages.[1] It is written in the
form of HTML elements consisting of tags
enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>)

PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF)
is a file format used to present
documents in a manner
independent of application
software, hardware, and operating
systems.
Each PDF file encapsulates a
complete description of a fixed-
layout flat document, including the
text, fonts, graphics, and other
information needed to display.

DRM
Digital rights management (DRM) is a class of
technologies that are used by hardware and software
manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders, and
individuals with the intent to control the use of digital
content and devices after sale.
DRM is a set of access control technologies

EPUBEPUB
EPUB (short for electronic publication; sometimes
styled ePub) is a free and open e-book standard
by the International Digital Publishing Forum
(IDPF). Files have the extension .epub.
EPUB is designed for reflowable content,
meaning that an EPUB reader can optimize text
for a particular display device

AZW
Is an electronic book file format developed by
Amazon which can be used by all the Amazon
devices.
Under this name you can also find two different
versions : KF7 & KF8.

3. DIGITAL IMAGE &
PHOTOGRAPHY

● PIXEL
In digital imaging, a pixel
or picture element is a
physical point in a raster
image, or the smallest
addressable element in
an all points.Each pixel
can only be one color at a
time.

IMAGE SIZES
The size of any image is
given or measured in
pixels, showing us he
proportion between the
widht and the height.
The size of an image might
be, for example, 4000x3000
pixels. The math is that this
is 4000x3000 = 12
megapixels.

● RESOLUTION
Image resolution is the detail an image
holds. The term applies to raster digital
images, film images, and other types
of images. Higher resolution means
more image detail-

● IMAGE'S ASPECT RATIO
The aspect ratio of an image describes the
proportional relationship between its width and its
height. It is commonly expressed as two numbers
separated by a colon, as in 16:9.

● BRIGHTNESS
Image brightness (or
luminous brightness) is
a measure of intensity
after the image has
been acquired with a
digital camera or
digitized by an analog-
to-digital converter
● SATURATION
Saturation is
defined as the
separation or
intensity of an
image's colors.

●
HUEHUE
Hue is theHue is the
wavelength withinwavelength within
the visible-lightthe visible-light
spectrum at whichspectrum at which
the energy outputthe energy output
from a source isfrom a source is
greatestgreatest
● CONTRAST
Contrast is defined as the
separation between the
darkest and brightest
areas of the image.
Increase contrast and you
increase the separation
between dark and bright,
making shadows darker
and highlights brighter

● JPG
In computing, JPEG
(seen most often with the
.jpg or .jpeg filename
extension) is a
commonly used method
of lossy compression for
digital images,
particularly for those
images produced by
digital photography

● BMP
The BMP file graphics
format is an image file
format used to store
bitmap digital images,
independently of the
display device.

● RAW
A camera raw image file contains
minimally processed data from the
image sensor of either a digital
camera, image scanner, or motion
picture film scanner

● FREQUENCY
- Frequency is the property of sound that most
determines pitch.
- The frequencies an ear can hear are limited to a
specific range of frequencies. The audible
frequency range for humans is typically given as
being about 20 Hz .

● DECIBEL
A unit used to express the
intensity of a sound wave,
equal to 20 times the
common logarithm of the
ratio of the pressure
produced by the sound
wave to a reference
pressure

Sample rate
Sample rate is the number of samples of
audio carried per second, measured in Hz or
kHz (one kHz being 1 000 Hz). For example,
44 100 samples per second can be
expressed as either 44 100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz.

Bitrate of sound
Bitrate, as the name implies, describes the rate at
which bits are transferred from one location to
another. In other words, it measures how much
data is transmitted in a given amount of time.
Bitrate is commonly measured in bits per second
(bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), or megabits per
second (Mbps)

WAV
Waveform Audio File Format
(WAVE) or more commonly
known as WAV due to its
filename extension Audio for
Windows .Is a Microsoft and
IBM audio file format standard
for storing an audio bitstream
on PCs. It is an application of
the Resource Interchange File
Format (RIFF) bitstream format
method for storing data in
"chunks",

MP3
● Is an audio coding format
for digital audio which
uses a form of lossy data
compression.
● The use of lossy
compression is designed
to greatly reduce the
amount of data required
to represent the audio.

WMA
● Windows Media Audio (WMA)
is an audio data compression
technology developed by
Microsoft.
● WMA consists of four distinct
codecs. The original WMA
codec, known simply as
WMA, was conceived as a
competitor to the popular
MP3 and RealAudio codecs.

● FRAME
A film frame or video
frame is one of the
many still images
which compose the
complete moving
picture
● FRAME RATE
Frame rate, also known as
frame frequency, is the
frequency at which an
imaging device produces
unique consecutive
images.

VIDEO SIZE (DIMENSIONS)
● The width and height of videos are usually
measured in pixels and are collectively termed
as the "dimensions" of the video. Thus, if a
video is 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels in height,
it is said to have dimensions of 320 x 240 pixels.

ASPECT RATIO
● The aspect ratio of a video
is the ratio of the video's
width to the video's height.
A video with dimensions of
320 x 240 pixels has an
aspect ratio of 4:3. That is,
the width is 1.33 times as
large as the height. Video
that is 640 x 480 also has
an aspect ratio of 4:3.
● Two video clips can have
totally different sizes but
the same aspect ratio.

● VIDEO BITRATE
Could be defined as the amount of
information that can be read and
reproduced by a video file per second.

● AVI
Audio Video Interleaved
is a multimedia container
format introduced by
Microsoft in November
1992 as part of its Video
for Windows software.
AVI files can contain both
audio and video data in a
file container.
●
DIVXDIVX
DivX is a brand of video
codec products developed
by DivX, LLC. The DivX
codec is notable for its
ability to compress lengthy
video segments into small
sizes while maintaining
relatively high visual
quality.

● XDIV:
Xvid (formerly "XviD") is a
video codec library
following the MPEG-4 video
coding standard,
specifically MPEG-4 Part 2
Advanced Simple Profile
(ASP). It uses ASP features
such as b-frames,
● PAL:
phase alternation line:
a colour-television
broadcasting system
used generally in
Europe

● NTSC
NTSC (commonly used in the
United States and Canada)
delivers a frame rate of 30
fps the color information can
possibly be lost and the
picture may appear in black
and white.between PAL and
NTCS
● MPG or MPEG:MPG is a file
extension for an MPEG
animation in the MPEG-1
OR MPEG-2 codec. MPEG-
1 was designed for coding
progressive video at bit rates
of about 1.5 million bits per
second. It was designed
specifically for Video-CD and
CD-i media. MPEG-1 audio
layer-3 (MP3) has also
evolved from early MPEG
work.

MOV
MOV, an MPEG-4 video
container, is a common
multimedia format often
used in Apple's Quicktime
for saving movies and
other video files, using a
proprietary compression
algorithm developed by
Apple Computer,
compatible with both
Macintosh and Windows
platforms.

WMV
● Windows Media Video
(WMV) is a file type which
can contain video in one of
several video compression
formats developed by
Microsoft. The original video
compression format used in
the file, also known as
WMV, was originally
designed for Internet
streaming applications, as a
competitor to RealVideo.

¿Can a digital text, audio, video or image be
read or edited by any informatic device or
program?
● No, because the element that
we want to edit has to be
compatible with the chosen
program.
● For example, an audio file
can't be read by a photo editor
program.

¿Do we need to convert WAV to MP3, RAW
to JPG, WMV to MPG or EPUB to PDF, for
instance?
● Yes, because MP3, JPG, MPG
and PDF formats are multi-
platform, which means that
they can be read by most of
informatic programs.
● However, the other formats are
designed for specific programs.

WEB PROGRAMS FOR DIGITAL
FORMATS CONVERSION
● DIGITAL TEXT
● DIGITAL IMAGE
● DIGITAL VIDEO
● DIGITAL AUDIO
● http://www.online-convert.
● http://www.convertpdftowo
● http://conversor-de-image
● http://clipconverter.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY
● http://en.wikipedia.org
● http://forum.doom9.org
● www.videomaker.com
● www.wordreference.com
● www.ldoceonline.com
● Www.techterms.com
● Www.computer.howstuff
● Www.wiki.audacityteam

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