The document lists various intestinal parasites and infections including Typhoid Fever, Bacillary Dysentery, Cholera, Food Poisoning, Leptospirosis, Hepatitis, Mumps, Amoebiasis, Schistosomiasis, Capillariasis, Helminths, Trichinosis, Ancylostomiasis, Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, Taeniasis, Trichuriasis, and Paragonimiasis. It provides details on the causative organisms, routes of transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention for each.
5. is a general infection caused by
Salmonella Typhi involving primarily
the lymphoid tissues (Peyers Patches)
of the small intestine.
is a bacterial infection transmitted by
contaminated water, milk shellfish or
other foods
6. Salmonella Typhosa or Salmonella Typhi
Fecal Oral route
Rose Spot on the Abdomen
10-20 days
7. – as long as the bacteria are
excreted therefore another
important source of infection is
the stool of the patient
8. 1. PRODROMAL OR GRADUAL ONSET/
INITIAL STAGE
Fever, Abdominal pain, diarrhea
Irregularly spaced small rose spot
on the abdomen, chest, trunk, and
back
9. 2. FASTIGIAL STAGE
1. Ladderliked fever or stairway fever
2. Rose pot
3. Splenomegaly enlargement of the spleen
10. 2. FASTIGIAL STAGE
Abdominal symptoms may become
marked abdominal distention
(tympanites)
Teeth and lips accumulate a dirty brown
collection of dried mucus and bacteria
known as (typhoid state)
11. Restless alteration in the level of
consciousness
Carphologia
– involuntary picking of linens
Subsultus Tendinum
– involuntary twitching of the
tendon of the wrist
12. WIDAL TEST
– agglutination test for typhoid fever
3 ANTIGEN USE
– positive active typhoid state or
acute infection
exposed before to typhoid fever
Immunized with cholera typhoid
– are found among carriers
13. 3. STAGE OF DEFERVESCENCE
Circulation
PEYERS PATCHES
INFLAMMATION
MEMBRANE
Slough or falls off
MELENA
17. 1. Symptomatic
2. GI Bleeding (NPO) Blood Transfusion
may be given to patient
3. Avoid spicy food cause irritation of
gastric mucosa and aggravate the
bleeding of the pt.
4. Encourage increase fluid intake the
patient may become dehydrated due
to water loss vomiting diarrhea and
poor oral intake.
5. Give a high calorie low residue diet
during febrile stage
18. Immunization ( Cholera Typhoid )
Avoid the 5 Fs
Proper disposal of feces
Avoid breeding places of flies
Proper preparation cooking storage of
food
Proper handwashing
Cut finger nails
19. an acute bacterial disease of the
intestinal tract includes a group of
enteric infections caused by bacilli of the
shigella group
21. 1-7 days average 3-4 days
feces of infected persons,
contaminated food and water
22. 1. Fever is an initial manifestation
2. Vomiting and headache
3. Colicky or cramping abdominal pain
and tenderness together with
anorexia, malaise
4. Persistent diarrhea at first watery
bloody and later stools contain blood
mucus and very scanty fecal
substance
23. 5. Bowel movement are numerous
accompanied by abdominal cramps
and tenesmus, Which is manifested
by infants by crying and straining
during defecation even without
passage of fecal matter
25. 1. Fluid and electrolyte replacement
2. Giving of ORS
3. Peri Anal care
4. Observe for S/S of dehydration
Sunken eyeballs
Sunken fontanelle
Dry skin
Poor skin turgor
Scanty urine out put
Excessive thirst
26. 1) Sanitary waste disposal
2) Screening of food handlers
3) Hand washing
4) Avoid breeding places of flies
27. Is a severe gastro intestinal disease
characterized by vomiting and massive
watery diarrhea with rapid dehydration
and shock
Vibrio Coma
Vibrio Cholerae (Classic and Eltor)
28. a. Fecal oral route
b. Ingestion of food or water
contaminated with stool or vomitus of
pts.
c. Fluid soiled hands and utensils
Rice watery stool
few hrs 5 days ( 1-3 days)
29. Massive or profuse diarrhea watery
voluminous whitish, grayish or
greenish slightly mucoid stools without
fecal matter
Stools are passed repeatedly later
becoming almost continuous without
straining or tenesmus
Signs of Severe dehydration
Loss of voice
Oliguria
30. Fever may be low grade or moderate
at the start but becomes subnormal in
later stages especially when shock
occur
31. 1. Extracellular volume loss due to
intestinal loss of isotonic fluid leading
to:
a) Profound on severe dehydration
with washerwomans hands,
restlessness and extreme thirst
b) Circulatory collapse or shock
2. Acidosis due to loss of large volume
of bicarbonate rich stools
3. HYPOKALEMIA – due to continuous
fecal potassium loss may manifest as
distention due to paralytic ileus
32. Acidosis and Shock
Renal failure and Uremia
Respiratory Complications like
pneumonia
Rectal swab
Tetracycline
33. 1) Early and intensive management of
fluid and electrolytes imbalance
2) Oral rehydration to prevent
dehydration
3) Peri anal care
34. 1. Boiling of drinking water
2. Immunization
3. Avoid the 5 F’S
35. FOOD POISONING
Denotes a clinical situation which
occurs after ingestion of certain
contaminated food stuffs or other
materials which are poison in
themselves. It has been found that the
poisoning is a gastro enteritis often
produced by the presence of a disease
organism or its toxins
42. 1. CBR
2. Increase fluid intake
3. Encourage the pt. to vomit
4. Oral hygiene
43. 1. Check the expiration date
2. Bulging of the can goods
3. Change in appearance shape, of
foods.
• Presence of bubbles
• Smell if it to mushy
4. Cooking or reheating of foods may
kill the organism
44. This infection is carried by animals
both domesticated and wild whose
excreta contaminated water or food
which is ingested or inoculated
through the skin or mucous membrane
46. 1. AGE
2. Season high incidence during rainy
season
3. Geographic more prevalent in slum
areas heavily infested by wild rats
wild rats
orange colored eyes
47. Febrile lasting 4-7 days
Chills,
Headache
Muscle pain severe prostration
Nausea and vomiting
48. Headache
Fever
meningeal irritation with CSF
findings of aseptic meningitis
WITH or without Jaundice lasting 4-
30 days if severe death may occur
between 9th and 16th day
49. Hepatic and renal manifestation
Jaundice
Renal involvement oliguria, and
anuria with progressive renal failure
WITH or without Jaundice lasting 4-
30 days if severe death may occur
between 9th and 16th day
50. Shock Coma and congestive heart
failure are also seen in severe
cases
WITH or without Jaundice lasting 4-
30 days if severe death may occur
between 9th and 16th day
51. WITH or without Jaundice lasting 4-
30 days if severe death may occur
between 9th and 16th day
62. ~all ages
~all season
~yes
Members of the health team
Drug addicts contaminated needles
that are using
Clients undergoing hemodialysis
Promiscuity multiple sexual
partners
63. 1. Immunization
2. Use of sterile syringes needles
3. Screening of blood donors
1-10% Mortality lead to
carrier and cirrhosis of the liver
72. 1. Liver function test
2. Bilirubin exam.
3. Liver enzymes test
4. Ultrasound of the liver
A. Liver profile test
B. HBSAG – hepatitis B
73. No specific treatment
Essentiale acts as a liver protector
Bed Rest
Increase carbohydrate , increase
protein, low fat diet
Hard candies
Skin care
74. Is an acute viral infection of the
salivary glands particularly the
parotids with constitutional
manifestations of varying degrees
75. 14 – 25 days
From 6 days before until 9 days after
the parotid glands swell
MUMPS VIRUS, Paromyxovirus
76. direct by person to person contact
droplet or airborne infection
With the oropharynx as the portal of
entry
discharges coming from nose and
mouth of infected person 9 Saliva of
the pt.
77. 1. Slight malaise, with low grade fever
2. Pain below the ear particularly in
moving the jaw
childhood disease with a peak of age
5 – 15 years old
life long Immunity
78. Orchitis - common complication
among men
FEMALE vulvitis.Vaginitis rare
compare it to male
no specific
Ice cooling effect it only
relieve the pain
80. Refers to infection of men by
Entamoeba Histolytica involving the
colon but may spread to other soft
tissue organs by contiguity or
hematogenous or lymphatic
dissemination most commonlt to the
liver or lungs
81. 2 – 4 weeks
fecal oral route ingested the cyst
form of parasites
Entamoeba Histolytica
82. 1. Fever
2. Abdominal pain
3. Flatulence
4. Blood streaked mucoid stool
5. Foul smelling stool
6. Diarrhea alternating with constipation
Stool Exam: stool must be fresh
83. 1. Isolation of Patient
2. To avoid spread of disease by health
teachings to the pt. and his family
Boil water when or before drinking
Cover left over foods
Handwashing after defecation,
before eating
Flagyl
84. 1. Isolation of Patient
2. To avoid spread of disease by health
teachings to the pt. and his family
Flagyl
Avoid the 5 F’S
105. Headache numbness and tingling
sensation around the mouth
Gradual paralysis death within 24 hrs.
if not treated right away
Type of food eaten by the patient
106. Complete Bed REST
Induce the pt. to vomit
Increase fluid intake
Oral Hygiene
Supportive
Avoid Eating shell fish