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Participation Matters
Evaluating Shared Leadership in Online Games

Linda Hamons
Andrew Stricker
Cynthia Calongne
Anne-Marie Armstrong

TCC Worldwide
Online Conference
April 18, 2013

Colorado Technical University
Doctoral Symposium Workshop
This session reflects on how to foster shared
leadership opportunities for group work in online
learning environments through the study of how the
leadership role was shared between virtual team
members in an online game.

Highlights from the study feature the game
environment that was designed by Air University's
Innovations and Integrations Division, the research
methods, instruments and a summary of the findings
that may assist educators in their online course
development.
Experimental Design
Games and Play Styles
Types of games                   Play styles
•   Word , trivia or puzzle      •   Individual or social
•   Scavenger or Treasure Hunt   •   Multiplayer cooperative
•   Action or adventure          •   Multiplayer competitive
•   Real Time Strategy (RTS)     •   Everyone is a winner!
•   Roleplay game (RPG)          •   Last man standing – PvP
•   MMORPGs                      •   Player vs Environment
•   Arcade or Video games        •   Roleplay
•   First Person Shooter (FPS)   •   Capture the flag
•   Simulations (Sims)           •   Team wins
•   Board or card games          •   High score
Instructors’ Game Consoles
Game Master Control Console
Game Roles and Tactics
Ethnographic Study Results
Who is the Leader?
Observations
Protection, Guidance and Leadership
Conflict and Leadership Change
Avoiding Conflict During the
Game
The Reusable Game Environment
Shared Leadership Study Findings
• A single leadership role may be faster
  – The quality of the experience was lower
• A shared leadership role
  – Increases the protective actions & behaviors after
    increased conflict
  – Shared leadership teams take more time
     • Players completed the game with fewer objectives/clues
• Voice seems to be preferred over text
  – Faster for gameplay; smoother for communications
Implications for Online Education
• While a team leader is more direct
  – May experience an increase in individual involvement
    through shared leadership
• A shared leadership role
  – May result in better topic exploration
  – Centers on discussion and may leverage conflict
     • Team members shift between protective and directing roles
• Further study is needed to analyze the behavior of
  these self-organizing leaders
Participation Matters                     Questions?

Evaluating Shared Leadership in Online Games
                                         Linda Hamons
                                       Andrew Stricker
                                      Cynthia Calongne
                                 Anne-Marie Armstrong

                                      TCC Worldwide
                                     Online Conference
                                         April 18, 2013

                          Colorado Technical University
                          Doctoral Symposium Workshop

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Evaluating shared leadership in online games

  • 1. Participation Matters Evaluating Shared Leadership in Online Games Linda Hamons Andrew Stricker Cynthia Calongne Anne-Marie Armstrong TCC Worldwide Online Conference April 18, 2013 Colorado Technical University Doctoral Symposium Workshop
  • 2. This session reflects on how to foster shared leadership opportunities for group work in online learning environments through the study of how the leadership role was shared between virtual team members in an online game. Highlights from the study feature the game environment that was designed by Air University's Innovations and Integrations Division, the research methods, instruments and a summary of the findings that may assist educators in their online course development.
  • 3.
  • 5. Games and Play Styles Types of games Play styles • Word , trivia or puzzle • Individual or social • Scavenger or Treasure Hunt • Multiplayer cooperative • Action or adventure • Multiplayer competitive • Real Time Strategy (RTS) • Everyone is a winner! • Roleplay game (RPG) • Last man standing – PvP • MMORPGs • Player vs Environment • Arcade or Video games • Roleplay • First Person Shooter (FPS) • Capture the flag • Simulations (Sims) • Team wins • Board or card games • High score
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Game Roles and Tactics
  • 12. Who is the Leader?
  • 17. The Reusable Game Environment
  • 18. Shared Leadership Study Findings • A single leadership role may be faster – The quality of the experience was lower • A shared leadership role – Increases the protective actions & behaviors after increased conflict – Shared leadership teams take more time • Players completed the game with fewer objectives/clues • Voice seems to be preferred over text – Faster for gameplay; smoother for communications
  • 19. Implications for Online Education • While a team leader is more direct – May experience an increase in individual involvement through shared leadership • A shared leadership role – May result in better topic exploration – Centers on discussion and may leverage conflict • Team members shift between protective and directing roles • Further study is needed to analyze the behavior of these self-organizing leaders
  • 20. Participation Matters Questions? Evaluating Shared Leadership in Online Games Linda Hamons Andrew Stricker Cynthia Calongne Anne-Marie Armstrong TCC Worldwide Online Conference April 18, 2013 Colorado Technical University Doctoral Symposium Workshop