Lecture of Saturday on voice system

2.  Voice is a set of a verb showing relation
of the subject to action as active or
passive voice.
 A verb is in the active voice when its
subject acts—when the subject does
something (to its object)
1. Razia studies her lesson carefully
Razia is the subject ,studies is the transitive
verb and her lessons is the object

3.  Change the arrangements of the
words.bring the object to the beginning
so as to show that it is acted upon.
 Change the main verb into its third form.
 Use the necessary helping
verb(is,was,be,etc) in the passive voice
according to the tense.

4. Subject Verb Object
be V3 (by subject)

5. Asim wrote a letter.
into:
A letter was written by Asim.
We used „was‟ as one of the forms of verb „ be
WHY?
‟.

6. We used „was‟ as one of the forms of verb „ be ‟
, and it is the simple past tense.
That‟s because…..
The main verb in the active sentence
was in the simple past tense.
Asim wrote a letter.
A letter was written by Asim.

7. Verb Object
Asim wrote a letter.
A Passive Sentence
Object be V3 (by Subject)
A letter was written by Asim.

8. To use one of the forms of verb to be,
we have to meet two conditions:
be
What agrees
The same
with the new
tense of the
subject
main verb
( object)

9. The same
be tense of the
main verb

10. The Simple Present
Active Passive
They write / don’t write the science column. The science column is/ isn’t written by them.
He writes / doesn’t write the science columns. The science columns are/ aren’t written by him.
Do they write the science column? Is the science column written by them?
Does he write the science columns? Are the science columns written by him?
What do the Dental students write? What is written by the Dental students?
What does the Pharma student write? What is written by the Pharma student?

11. The Present Progressive
Active Passive
He is fixing the stove. The stove is being fixed.
They aren’t using the main meeting room. The main meeting room is not being used.
Is the worker painting his condominium? Is his condominium being painted?
Are they finalizing their biology project? Is their biology project being finalized?
Where is he taking the guests? Where are the guests being taken?
What are they doing about the new complaints? What is being done about the new complaints?

12. The Present Perfect
Active Passive
He has broken / hasn’t broken the window. The window has/hasn’t been broken (by him).
They have seen / have never seen a UFO in A UFO [has /has never] been seen in this
this country before. country before.
Has he (ever) broken the window? Has the window (ever) been broken (by him)?
Have they (ever) seen a UFO in this Has a UFO (ever) been seen in this country
country before? before?
What has he broken? What has been broken?
What have they seen in this country before? What has been seen in this country before?

13. The Present Perfect Progressive
Passive
Active (Rarely used and considered
awkward with this tense)
They have been teaching anatomy Anatomy and other medical courses
and other medical courses in this have been being taught in this college
college since 2007. since 2007.
Have those kids been torturing Has that kitten been being tortured
that kitten? by those kids?
What have they been teaching in What has been being taught in this
this college since 2007? college since 2007?

14. The Simple Past
Active Passive
‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ was written by
Jane Austen wrote ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ in 1811.
Jane Austen in 1811.
No one knew his real name.
His real name wasn’t known.
The police didn’t find their hiding place.
Their hiding place wasn’t found.
Did they arrange her birthday party? Was her birthday party arranged?
Where did they send him? Where was he sent ?

15. The Past Progressive
Active Passive
He was cleaning the attic when he found his The attic was being cleaned when his old jacket
old jacket. was found.
While they were counting the votes, his While the votes were being counted, his
campaign manager announced his withdrawal was announced by his campaign
withdrawal. manager.
Were they interviewing him when someone Was he being interviewed when his apartment
broke into his apartment? was broken into?
Where were they sending it? Where was it being sent?

16. The Future Simple and other Modal Auxiliary
Structures
Active Passive
They will send some warning letters soon. Some warning letters will be sent soon.
Ahmad is going to write the art column. The art column is going to be written by Ahmad.
They must obey the rules. The rules must be obeyed.
Will they send the warning letters soon? Will the warning letters be sent soon?
Is Ahmad going to write the art column? Is the art column going to be written by Ahmad?
Do they have to obey the rules? Do the rules have to be obeyed?
Can you deliver this envelope tonight? Can this envelope be delivered tonight?
When will they send the warning letters? When will the warning letters be sent?
What will the Dental students write? What will be written by the Dental students?

17. The Past Perfect
Active Passive
They broke the window after they had hit it The window was broken after it had been hit
with a stone. with a stone.
Had they completed the housework before Had the housework been completed before
they called their friends? their friends were called?
Why had they sent him to Malaysia earlier? Why had he been sent to Malaysia earlier?

18. Ali takes the
pills.
The pills are taken by Ali.

19. People speak English in many countries.
English is spoken in many countries.

20. Someone robbed the bank
yesterday.
The bank was robbed yesterday.

21. Our teacher will collect the projects tomorrow.
The projects will be collected tomorrow.

22. The tailor has made this suit for me.
This suit has been made for me.

23. Builders had made this house using mud.
This house had been made using
mud .

24. Jill paints the fence once a year.
The fence is painted once a year.

25. Sue bought a silk dress for her sister‟s wedding.
A silk dress was bought by Sue.

26. The police arrested them yesterday.
They were arrested yesterday.

27. John and Paul have taken a lot of
pictures
since they arrived on the island.
A lot of pictures have been taken
by John and Paul since they arrived
on the island.

28. We asked her to help with the
housework.
She was asked to help with the
housework.

29. Passive Questions: (Simple Present)
Does
Do Subject verb Object ?
Am
Is Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?
Are

30. Passive Questions: (Simple Past)
Did Subject verb Object ?
Was
Were Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?

31. Passive Questions: (Simple Future: be going to + stem verb)
Am
Is Subject going to verb Object ?
Are
Am
Is Object going to be Verb 3 (by Subject) ?
Are

32.  1. when the main interest of the speaker
or writer is on the predicate so the
natural tendency is to begin with the
predicate.
 e.g People speak English all over the
world.
 We are really concerned with “the
speaking of English” not the vague
subject “people”.

33.  1. Only a transitive verb can be changed
into the passive voice because only a
transitive verb can have an object.Thus
we can‟t change this sentence into the
passive voice :
 They sleep at noon.
 2.If a passive voice sentence does not
have the subject,it cannot be changed
into active voice like this;
 Cocounut trees are grown here.

34.  When the agent is unknown
e.g. this book was written 1000 years ago.
 When what was done is more important
than who did it.
e.g. I was born in 1981
 To make announcements
e.g. A lecture on nutrition will be delivered by
Dr Ali in multipurpose hall.
 In English language theme is mentioned
first.