1. 1865-1895
By Alexander Maddox
1850 1850-70 1857
Bessemer Process Sweat Shops Fredrick Olmstead
Developed independently Is a negatively Landscape architect,
by the British connoted term for spearheaded the
manufacturers. Henry any working movement for the planned
Bessemer and American environment urban parks. 1857
ironmaker William Kelly, considered to be Olmstead helped draw up a
soon became widely used. unacceptably plan for “greensward”
This technique involved difficult or which was selected to
injecting air into molten dangerous. become Central Park in
iron to remove the carbon NYC.
and other impurities.

2. 1859 1862 1862
Social Darwinism Homesteader
Homestead Act
Grew out of the English naturalist Settler on the free
Charles Darwin’s theory of Congress passed in land that the
biological evolution. Darwin 1862. This Act government was
described his observation that which offered 160 giving out by the
some individuals of a species acres of land free to Homestead Act.
flourish and passed their traits any citizen or
along to the next generation intended citizens
while others do not. He who was head of the
explained that a process of household. 1862-
natural selection weeded out 1900 up to 600,000
less suited individuals and families took
enabled the best adapted to advantage of the
survive. governments offer..

3. Credit Mobilizer
Form in 1864,
Exoduster stockholders gave
African American who this company a
moved form the Post- contract to lay track
Reconstruction south at two to three times
to Kansas, part of the the actual cost and
Homestead Act. pocketed the
profits..
1862 1864 1864 1866
Sand Creek Massacre Buffalo Soldiers
Most of the Cheyenne, assuming Formed in 1866, from the U.S.
they were under the protection of 10th Cavalry regiment, the
the U.S. government had buffalo soldiers were
peacefully returned to Colorado’s established by congress as
Sand Creek Reserve of winter. first peacetime all-black
General S.R. Curtis telegram to regiment in the regular U.S.
Colonel John Chivington that Army. These regiments served
read, “I want no peace till the to a variety of posts in the
Indians suffer more.” Nov.29, southwest and Midwest region
1864 his trooped attack at dawn of the U.S.
and killed over 1,150 inhabitants,
mostly women and children.

4. 1867 1867 1867
Oliver Kelley Grandfather Grange
1867 started the Clause Grange members
spent most of their
Patron of Stated that if a man time and energy
Husbandry, an failed the literacy fighting the railroads.
organization for test or could not pay The Granges battle
farmers that became the poll tax, he was plan included
popularly know as entitled to a vote if teaching its
the Grange. Its he, his father, or members how to
original purpose was grandfather had organize, how to set
to provide a social been eligible to vote up farmers
outlet and an before private cooperatives and
educational forum facilities. how to sponsor state
for isolated farm
legislation to
families.
regulate railroads.

5. 1868 1869 1869
Tammany Hall Trust Transcontinental
NYC most powerful Railroad
Participants in a
Democratic political A railroad line linking
trust turned their
machine in 1868. the Atlantic and the
stocks over to a
Headed by Boss Pacific Coasts of the
group of trustees-
tweed. U.S. completes in
people who ran the
separate companies 1869..
were entitled to
dividends on profits
earned by the trust.

6. 1869 1870 1870
John D. Rockfeller
Tweed Ring Graft
Established the Standard Oil Company, took
Boss Tweed a different approach to mergers, they joined Once a political
became head of competing companies in trust agreements. machine got its
Tammany Hall in He used trust to gain total control of the oil candidates into
1868. Between industry in America. In 1870 Rockfeller’s office, it could take
1869-1971 Boss Standard Oil Company of Ohio processed advantage of
Tweed led the tweed two or three of the country crude oil. Within a numerous
ring, a group of decade it controlled 90 percent of the opportunities for
corrupt politicians in refining. Rockfeller reaped huge profits by graft- the illegal use
defrauding a city. paying his employees extremely low wages of political influence
and driving his competitors out by selling his for personal gain.
oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it.
Then he controlled the market, he hiked
prices far above original levels.

7. 1870 1871 1873
Jacob Riis Andrew Carnegie
Fredrick Olmstead
By 1865, Carnegie was
Planned landscapes 1870, left his native
so busy managing the
for Washington D.C. Denmark for U.S. Riis
money he had earned
and St.Louis. found work as a police
in dividends that he
reporter, a job that took
happily left his job at the
him into some of New
Penn. Railroad. He
York City’s worst slums,
where he was shocked at entered the steel
business in 1873 after
the conditions in the
touring a British steel
overcrowded, airless, filthy
mill and witnessing the
tenements. Riis used his
awesome spectacle of
talents to expose the
the Bessemer process
hardships of NYC Police.
in action.

8. 1874 1876 1876
George A. Custer Battle of Little Big Sitting Bull
He reported that he Horn In early June, 1876, the
Sioux and Cheyenne
the Black Hills had AKA Custer’s last Stand. held a sun dance,
Gold “from the grass Occurred on June 25 and during which Sitting Bull
roots down”. Gold 26, 1876. Lakota, had a visions of soldiers
rush was on. Northern Cheyenne, and and some Native
Arapaho tribe against the Americans falling from
7th Regiments of the U.S. their horses. When
700 men led by Custer Colonel Custer and his
suffered a serve defeat. troops reached Little
Bighorn River, the
Native American were
ready for them.

9. 1876 1876 1876
Alexander Graham George A Custer Thomas Alva Edison
Bell Led the 7th Regiment Became a pioneer on
Invented the telephone in the Battle of Little the new industrial
with Thomas Watson Bighorn. The Native frontier when he
help. It opened a way for American outflanked establishes the world’s
a worldwide and crushed Custer’s first research laboratory
communication networks. troop. Within an hour, in Mento Park, NJ.
Telephone particular Custer and all of the
affected office workers men of the 7th
and created new jobs for Cavalry were dead.
women.

10. 1879 1880 1880
Dumbbell Thomas Edison Political Machine
Tenements Perfected the An organized group that
Law that required that incandescent light bulb controller the activities
every inhabitable room and later invented and of a political party in a
have a window opening entire system for city, there also offered
to plain air, a producing and distributing services to voters and
requirement that was electrical power. business in exchange
meant by including air for political of financial
shaft between adjacent support.. In the decades
buildings. The air shaft after the civil war,
gives each tenement political machines
the shape of a gained control of local
dumbbell. government in
Baltimore.

11. 1880 1880 1880
George Pullman Ida B. Wells Ragtime
Built a factory for Moved to Memphis in 1880’s A Blend a African
manufacturing to work as a teacher. She American and
sleepers and other later became a editor of a European musical
railroad cars on the paper. Radical Justice was a forms, it originated in
Illinois prairie. persistent theme in her saloons of the south in
reporting. The events of the 1880’s.
March 9, 1892 turned that
theme into a crusade. Three
African American business,
friends of Wells, were
illegally executed without a
trial.

12. 1881 1881 1883
George Westinghouse Booker T. Washington Joseph Pulitzer
Along with Edison, added Believed that racism would A Hungarian immigrant
innovations that make end once blacks acquires who has bought the NY
electricity safer and less useful labor skills and world in 1883.
expensive. proved their economic valve Pioneered popular
to society. By 1881 he innovation, such as
headed the Tuskegee Sunday edition, comics,
Normal and Industrial sports coverage.
Institute. In which he aimed
to educated African
American by teaching
diplomats and useful skills.

13. 1884 1885 1886
Sitting Bull Settlement House.
Mugwumps
Community Centers in
Republicans who By late 1876, however,
slum neighborhoods
refused to vote the Sioux were beaten.
that provided assistance
republican in1884. Sitting Bull and a few
to people in the area
Blaire political and followers took refuge in
especially immigrants,
financial corruption, Canada, where they
many settlement
supported Govern remained until 188.
workers lived at house
Cleavland Democrat. Eventually, to prevent his
so that they could learn
people’s starvation, Sitting
firsthand about the
Bull was Forced to
problems caused by
Surrender. Later, in 1885
urbanization and help
he Appears in William F.
create solution.
“Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild
West Show.

14. 1886 1887 1887
Haymarket Affair Dawes Act Interstate Commerce
Congress passed this Act Act
Encouraged by the
impact of the 1871 aiming to Americanize the Reestablished that right of
strike, labor leaders Native American. The Act federal government to
continues to press for broke up the reservations supervise railroad
change. On the and gave some of the activities and establish a
evening of May 4, reservations land to five man Interstate
1886, 3,000 people individual Indians, 160 Commerce Commission.
gathered at Chicago acres to each head of the
Haymarket Squares household and 80 acres
to protect. Police to each unmarried adult.
brutality-a striker had
been killed the day
before.

15. George Eastman
Introduced his Kodak
camera. The price
$25 included a 100
pictorial of film.
1888 1889 1890
Wounded Knee
Jane Addams Dec. 28, 1890, the 7th
Cavalry, rounded up about 350
One of most influential starving and freezing Sioux
member of the movement and took them to wounded
(Social Gospel knee creek in South Dakota.
Movement). Addams was The nest day soldiers
also an antiwar activist, a demanded that that Sioux give
spokesperson for radical up there weapons. A Shot was
justice and an advocate fires and soldiers open fired
for quality of life issues. with deadly cannons, within
minutes they slaughtered
about 300 unarmed Indians.
This event brought the Indian
War to an end.

16. 1890 1890 1892
Ghost Dance Ellis Island
About 20 percent of
A ritual Indians lands
Sherman Antitrust Act immigrants at Ellis
and way of life would
Island were detained for
be restored. Ghost
Made it illegal to form a a day or more before
Dance movement
trust that interfered with being inspected.
spread rapidly among
free trade between states However, only about 2
the 25,000 Sioux on
or with other companies. percent of those who
the Dakota
were detained were
Reservation.
denied.

17. Omaha Platform
Was the party
program adopted at
the formative
convention of the
Populism Party held
in Omaha Nebraska
on July 4th, 1892
1892 1892 1892 1883
Scab Populism
A strikebreaker to The movement of the Urbanization
kept the company people. Political
going while a strike movement where the The result of rapid
was going on. people have a greater growth of cities,mostly
voice in government and in the region of the
seeking to advance the North East and
interests of farmers and Midwest. Technological
laborers. boom in the late 19th
century.

18. 1894 1894 1895
Eugene V Deb William Randolph
Pullman Strike Hearst
Some labors leader
felt that unions should Pullman had hoped that The Wealthy Hearst
include all laborers- his tightly controlled had purchased the New
skilled and unskilled environment would ensure York Morning Journal in
in a specific industry a stable work force. 1895, and Owned the
which captured the However, pay led to a San Francisco
imagination of violent strike in 1894. Examiner.
Eugene. 1894, the
new union won a
strike for higher
wages.

19. 1896 1896 1896
William Mckinley
Samuel Gompers Plessy VS Ferguson
1896 Republican
party nominated Led the Cigar Makers In 1896 this, the
Ohioan William International union to join Supreme Court ruled
Mckinley for with other craft union in that the separation of
president. Mckniley 1896. The American races in public
got approximately 7 Federation of Labor with accommodations was
million votes and Gompers as president , legal and did not violate
carries the east. With focused on collective the 14th Amendment.
Mckinley edition, bargaining.
Populism collapsed
burying the hopes of
the farmers.

20. 1896 1897 1899
Cross of Gold
Andrew Carnegie
Impassioned address
delivered by former Karl Marx The Carnegie steel
congressmen William company manufactured
Jennings Bryan at the Socialism carried to its more steel than all the
Democratic convention in extreme form-communism factories in Great
Chicago on July 8, 1896. as advocate by him, would Britain.
The speech talk about the result in the overthrow of
idea of limiting the supply of the capitalists system.
gold and silver as currency
and have paper currency so
they would not have a
shortage of money.

21. 1901 1906 1910
Instate Commerce Angel Island
Andrew Carnegie
Commission Asians, primarily Chinese,
By the time he sold arriving on the west coast
his business in 1901, Not until 1906, under President gained admission at this
Carnegie’s Theodore Roosevelt, did the ICC island in San Francisco Bay
companies producer gain the power it needed to be Between 1910-1940 about
by the far the largest effective. 50,000 Chinese immigrants
portion of the nation's entered the U.S. . Contrast
steel. form Ellis Island immigrants
endured harsh questioning
and a long detention in filthy
buildings while they waited
to find out whether they
would be admitted or
rejected.

22. Work Cited
Nez Perce: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez_Perce_War
Chief Joseph: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
Buffalo Soldiers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers
Greenback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback_Party
Sweat Shop: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_Shop
Dumbbell Tenements: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Law-
Tenement
All the pictures and photos were provided by google images