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HADIS AHAD
Definisi
 Etimologis
‫آحاد‬ : jamak dari ‫أحد‬ yg berarti ‫واحد‬ (satu)
 Terminologis
‫املتواتر‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫جيمع‬ ‫مامل‬
(
‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬
)
Perbedaan dg mutawatir:
 Kuantitas periwayat : sedikit
 Wurud : zhanni
 Kehujjahan: tergantung hasil pengkajian
Kehujjahan
Hadis Ahad berkedudukan sbg al-’ilm al-nazhari
(pengetahuan yg perlu pengkajian), shg
pengamalannya tergantung pd hasil pengkajian
itu.
Pembagian
‫اآلحاد‬
‫الغريب‬ ‫العزيز‬ ‫ر‬‫املشهو‬
A. HADIS MASYHUR
 Definisi:
Masyhur = tersebar dan tersiar ( ‫الذيوع‬‫و‬ ‫االنتشار‬ )
‫ا‬ ّ
‫د‬‫ح‬ ‫يبلغ‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫طبقة‬ ‫كل‬‫يف‬ ‫فأكثر‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫اه‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬ ‫املشهور‬
‫اتر‬‫و‬‫لت‬
(
‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬
)
- Disebut juga : hadis Mustafid
 Contoh:
ِ
‫م‬ َ
‫ن‬ْ
‫و‬ُ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ
‫س‬ُ
‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ
‫س‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ
‫م‬ ُ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ
‫س‬ُ
‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
ِ
‫ه‬ِ
‫د‬َ‫ي‬َ
‫و‬ ِ
‫ه‬ِ‫ان‬َ
‫س‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ
‫ن‬
Lihat skema sanad
 Kehujjahan:
tergantung kualitasnya
 Terdapat hadis masyhur di luar pengertian terminologis sda.
(masyhur ghair ishthilahi):
1. Masyhur di kalangan ulama hadis, spt.:
‫ان‬‫و‬‫وذك‬ ‫رعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫يدعو‬ ‫كوع‬
‫الر‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫شه‬ ‫قنت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫أن‬
2. Masyhur di kalangan para ulama dan orang awam, spt :
َ
‫و‬ ِ
‫ه‬ِ‫ان‬َ
‫س‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ
‫ن‬ِ
‫م‬ َ
‫ن‬ْ
‫و‬ُ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ
‫س‬ُ
‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ
‫س‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ
‫م‬ ُ
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ
‫س‬ُ
‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
ِ
‫ه‬ِ
‫د‬َ‫ي‬
3. Masyhur di kalangan fuqaha’, spt :
‫الطالق‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫احلالل‬ ‫أبغض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
4. Masyhur di kalangan ahli Ushul fiqh, spt :
‫عليه‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ومااستكره‬ ‫النسيان‬‫و‬ ‫اخلطاء‬ ‫أميت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫فع‬ُ
‫ر‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
5. Masyhur di kalangan masyarakat umum, spt :
‫الشيطان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العجلة‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
6. dll.
B. HADIS ‘AZIZ
 Definisi
‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َّ
‫ز‬َ
‫ع‬ = sedikit, jarang ; ‫ز‬َ
‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َّ
‫ز‬َ
‫ع‬ = kuat
‫السند‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫مجيع‬ ‫يف‬ ‫اثنني‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اته‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ّ
‫اليقل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هو‬
(
‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬
)
 Contoh
َّ
‫ب‬َ
‫َح‬‫أ‬ َ
‫ن‬ْ
‫و‬ُ
‫ك‬َ‫أ‬ َّ
‫َّت‬َ
‫ح‬ ْ
‫م‬ُ
‫ك‬ُ
‫د‬َ
‫َح‬‫أ‬ ُ
‫ن‬ِ
‫م‬ْ
‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ال‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
ِ
‫ه‬ِ
‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ
‫و‬َ
‫و‬ ِ
‫ه‬ِ
‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ
‫و‬ ْ
‫ن‬ِ
‫م‬ ِ
‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬
َْ
‫ني‬ِ‫ع‬َْ
‫َمج‬‫أ‬ ِ
‫َّاس‬‫ن‬‫ال‬َ
‫و‬
Lihat skema sanad
 Kehujjahan
tergantung kualitasnya
C. HADIS GHARIB
 Definisi
Gharib = menyendiri ( ‫املنفرد‬ ); jauh dari kerabatnya ( ‫به‬‫ر‬‫أقا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البعيد‬ )
‫احد‬‫و‬ ٍ
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ايته‬‫و‬‫بر‬ ‫ينفرد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬
(
‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬
)
- Disebut juga : hadis fard ( ‫الفرد‬ )
 Pembagian
1. Gharib Muthlaq ( ‫املطلق‬ ) gharib pd personalianya
‫غريه‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫يروه‬ ‫مل‬ ‫اة‬‫و‬‫الر‬ ‫مجيع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اويه‬‫ر‬ ‫به‬ ‫تفرد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬
(
‫عرت‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫نور‬
)
Contoh:
‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬
:
َ‫ي‬َْ
‫احل‬َ
‫و‬ ،ً‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬ُ
‫ش‬ َ
‫ن‬ْ
‫و‬ُ
‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ
‫س‬َ
‫و‬ ٌ
‫ع‬ْ
‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ
‫ن‬‫ا‬ِْ
‫ْي‬ْ‫إل‬َ‫ا‬
ِ
‫ان‬َْ
‫ْي‬ْ‫إل‬‫ا‬ َ
‫ن‬ِ
‫م‬ ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬ُ
‫ش‬ ُ‫اء‬
Liat skema sanad
2. Gharib Nisbi ( ‫النسيب‬ ) gharib pd sifat atau segi tertentu
‫اجلهة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫كان‬‫أاي‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫ابلنسبة‬ ‫التفرد‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬
(
‫ال‬ ‫نور‬
‫عرت‬ ‫دين‬
)
- gharib dlm hal ketsiqqahan: seorang rawi tsiqqah hanya
meriwayatkan dr rawi tsiqqah tertentu, contoh:
‫الساعة‬ ‫بت‬‫رت‬‫اق‬‫و‬ ‫اجمليد‬ ‫القرآن‬‫و‬ ‫بق‬ ‫الفطر‬‫و‬ ‫األضحى‬ ‫يف‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫يق‬ ‫كان‬
...
( Hadis ini punya bbrp sanad, tp hanya sanad Muslim yg semua rawinya tsiqqah)
- gharib dlm hal kedaerahan: para rawi dlm sebuah sanad hanya
berasal dari daerah tertentu, contoh:
‫منه‬ ‫تيسر‬ ‫وما‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫بفاحتة‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫نق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫أم‬
...
(semua rawi hadis yg tdp dlm Sunan Abu Dawud ini adalah penduduk Bashrah)
- gharib dlm hal periwayat: seorang rawi hanya meriwayatkan
hadis dr rawi tertentu saja, contoh:
‫متر‬ ‫و‬ ‫بسويق‬ َ‫ة‬‫صفي‬ ‫على‬ ‫مل‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫النيب‬ ‫إن‬
...
(hadis ini punya bbrp sanad, tp ada satu sanad di antaranya yg rawinya beda/
menyendiri, yaitu Wa`il dr anaknya Bakr bin Wa`il)

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Hadis ahad

  • 2. Definisi  Etimologis ‫آحاد‬ : jamak dari ‫أحد‬ yg berarti ‫واحد‬ (satu)  Terminologis ‫املتواتر‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫جيمع‬ ‫مامل‬ ( ‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬ ) Perbedaan dg mutawatir:  Kuantitas periwayat : sedikit  Wurud : zhanni  Kehujjahan: tergantung hasil pengkajian
  • 3. Kehujjahan Hadis Ahad berkedudukan sbg al-’ilm al-nazhari (pengetahuan yg perlu pengkajian), shg pengamalannya tergantung pd hasil pengkajian itu.
  • 5. A. HADIS MASYHUR  Definisi: Masyhur = tersebar dan tersiar ( ‫الذيوع‬‫و‬ ‫االنتشار‬ ) ‫ا‬ ّ ‫د‬‫ح‬ ‫يبلغ‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫طبقة‬ ‫كل‬‫يف‬ ‫فأكثر‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫اه‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬ ‫املشهور‬ ‫اتر‬‫و‬‫لت‬ ( ‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬ ) - Disebut juga : hadis Mustafid  Contoh: ِ ‫م‬ َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫و‬ُ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ ‫س‬ُ ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ ‫س‬ ْ ‫ن‬َ ‫م‬ ُ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ ‫س‬ُ ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ ‫د‬َ‫ي‬َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ‫ان‬َ ‫س‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ن‬ Lihat skema sanad  Kehujjahan: tergantung kualitasnya
  • 6.  Terdapat hadis masyhur di luar pengertian terminologis sda. (masyhur ghair ishthilahi): 1. Masyhur di kalangan ulama hadis, spt.: ‫ان‬‫و‬‫وذك‬ ‫رعل‬ ‫على‬ ‫يدعو‬ ‫كوع‬ ‫الر‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫شه‬ ‫قنت‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫أن‬ 2. Masyhur di kalangan para ulama dan orang awam, spt : َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ‫ان‬َ ‫س‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ن‬ِ ‫م‬ َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫و‬ُ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ ‫س‬ُ ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ ‫س‬ ْ ‫ن‬َ ‫م‬ ُ ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ ‫س‬ُ ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ ‫د‬َ‫ي‬ 3. Masyhur di kalangan fuqaha’, spt : ‫الطالق‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫احلالل‬ ‫أبغض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ 4. Masyhur di kalangan ahli Ushul fiqh, spt : ‫عليه‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ومااستكره‬ ‫النسيان‬‫و‬ ‫اخلطاء‬ ‫أميت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫فع‬ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ 5. Masyhur di kalangan masyarakat umum, spt : ‫الشيطان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العجلة‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ 6. dll.
  • 7. B. HADIS ‘AZIZ  Definisi ‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َّ ‫ز‬َ ‫ع‬ = sedikit, jarang ; ‫ز‬َ ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ َّ ‫ز‬َ ‫ع‬ = kuat ‫السند‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫مجيع‬ ‫يف‬ ‫اثنني‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اته‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ّ ‫اليقل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هو‬ ( ‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬ )  Contoh َّ ‫ب‬َ ‫َح‬‫أ‬ َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫و‬ُ ‫ك‬َ‫أ‬ َّ ‫َّت‬َ ‫ح‬ ْ ‫م‬ُ ‫ك‬ُ ‫د‬َ ‫َح‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫ن‬ِ ‫م‬ْ ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ال‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ ‫و‬َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ه‬ِ ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ ‫و‬ ْ ‫ن‬ِ ‫م‬ ِ ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َْ ‫ني‬ِ‫ع‬َْ ‫َمج‬‫أ‬ ِ ‫َّاس‬‫ن‬‫ال‬َ ‫و‬ Lihat skema sanad  Kehujjahan tergantung kualitasnya
  • 8. C. HADIS GHARIB  Definisi Gharib = menyendiri ( ‫املنفرد‬ ); jauh dari kerabatnya ( ‫به‬‫ر‬‫أقا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البعيد‬ ) ‫احد‬‫و‬ ٍ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ايته‬‫و‬‫بر‬ ‫ينفرد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬ ( ‫الطحان‬ ‫حممود‬ ) - Disebut juga : hadis fard ( ‫الفرد‬ )  Pembagian 1. Gharib Muthlaq ( ‫املطلق‬ ) gharib pd personalianya ‫غريه‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫يروه‬ ‫مل‬ ‫اة‬‫و‬‫الر‬ ‫مجيع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اويه‬‫ر‬ ‫به‬ ‫تفرد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬ ( ‫عرت‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫نور‬ ) Contoh: ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ : َ‫ي‬َْ ‫احل‬َ ‫و‬ ،ً‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬ُ ‫ش‬ َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫و‬ُ ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ ‫س‬َ ‫و‬ ٌ ‫ع‬ْ ‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ِْ ‫ْي‬ْ‫إل‬َ‫ا‬ ِ ‫ان‬َْ ‫ْي‬ْ‫إل‬‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ِ ‫م‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬ُ ‫ش‬ ُ‫اء‬ Liat skema sanad
  • 9. 2. Gharib Nisbi ( ‫النسيب‬ ) gharib pd sifat atau segi tertentu ‫اجلهة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫كان‬‫أاي‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫ابلنسبة‬ ‫التفرد‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬ ( ‫ال‬ ‫نور‬ ‫عرت‬ ‫دين‬ ) - gharib dlm hal ketsiqqahan: seorang rawi tsiqqah hanya meriwayatkan dr rawi tsiqqah tertentu, contoh: ‫الساعة‬ ‫بت‬‫رت‬‫اق‬‫و‬ ‫اجمليد‬ ‫القرآن‬‫و‬ ‫بق‬ ‫الفطر‬‫و‬ ‫األضحى‬ ‫يف‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫يق‬ ‫كان‬ ... ( Hadis ini punya bbrp sanad, tp hanya sanad Muslim yg semua rawinya tsiqqah) - gharib dlm hal kedaerahan: para rawi dlm sebuah sanad hanya berasal dari daerah tertentu, contoh: ‫منه‬ ‫تيسر‬ ‫وما‬ ‫الكتاب‬ ‫بفاحتة‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫نق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫أم‬ ... (semua rawi hadis yg tdp dlm Sunan Abu Dawud ini adalah penduduk Bashrah) - gharib dlm hal periwayat: seorang rawi hanya meriwayatkan hadis dr rawi tertentu saja, contoh: ‫متر‬ ‫و‬ ‫بسويق‬ َ‫ة‬‫صفي‬ ‫على‬ ‫مل‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫النيب‬ ‫إن‬ ... (hadis ini punya bbrp sanad, tp ada satu sanad di antaranya yg rawinya beda/ menyendiri, yaitu Wa`il dr anaknya Bakr bin Wa`il)