this ppt gives detailed info about the civil war of Afghanistan

1. Conflict in Afghanistan
The Afghan Civil War
(1996-2001)

2. Who was involved in this conflict?
• The United Front- an alliance
created by Ahmad Shah Massoud,
whose forces helped in removing
the soviet troops from Afghanistan
• Taliban- a terrorist group that was
led by Muhammad Omar
Ahmad shah Massoud
Muhammad
Omar
Taliban members

3. Who was involved in this conflict?
• Pakistan- the country provided
troops to Taliban to fight against
the United Front
• Al-Qaeda- this terrorist group also
provided troops to fight against the United
Front
Pakistani troops Troops from al Qaeda

4. How did this conflict begin?
• The forces of Ahmad Shah Massoud defeated the Soviet troops and
removed them from Afghanistan. They now controlled the northern states
of Afghanistan
• Taliban took control of the southern provinces of Afghanistan in 1994
• In late 1994, the forces trying to gain power in Kabul were defeated by those
of Massoud

5. How did this conflict begin?
• Taliban opposed the views of Massoud who wanted democratic elections
• They started shelling (firing) in Kabul but were defeated by the forces of
Massoud

6. How did the conflict begin?
• Taliban sought military support from Pakistan and al Qaeda
• On September 26, 1996, they attacked Kabul again (where power was
decentralized)
• They established ‘the Emirate of Afghanistan’

7. Attacker groups against the United Front

8. Causes of this conflict
• The Taliban were ethnic Pashtuns and were against all other ethnicities
present in Afghanistan
Ethnic
Pashtuns

9. Causes of this conflict
• Massoud favoured a democracy and thus proposed the idea of democratic
voting,
• However, Taliban declined this

10. Views of each party
Views of the United Front and Ahmad Shah Massoud:
• Ahmad Shah Massoud wanted Afghanistan to be a democracy
• He wanted people to live with safety and security
• He suggested that all ethnicities lead together and share power
• He was against the idea of ‘the emirate of Afghanistan’

11. Views of each party
• The views of Taliban:
• The Taliban believed that Pashtuns were the real Muslims and all other ethnic groups were
false
• They thought that elections were modern day shams (fraud)
• They wanted Afghanistan to be recognized as ‘ the Emirate of Afghanistan’

12. Impact on local communities and the nation
• Taliban committed 15 massacres during the time period of 1996- 2001 on
the local people

13. Impact on local communities and the nation
• When Taliban seized power in Kabul, they tortured the locals to follow their
rules
• Moving outside the house without a male relative was strictly prohibited for
women, who also had to be covered from head to toe meanwhile men were
required to have long beards

14. Impact on the local communities and the nation
• Punishments were as severe as cutting off hands
• Public executions became quite common
• Many had to flee to the areas under the United Front