\’qaluri_homoseqsualoba_patriarqati_da_nacionaluri_sazogadoeba პატრიარქატიდანაციონალურისაზოგადოება

1. feministuri
biblioTeka
qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da
nacionaluri sazogadoeba
iren daioli
Sesavali
qaluri homoseqsualoba iSviaTad aRiqmeba patriarqaluri wyobis mxridan potenciur
safrTxed. igi, rogorc ori arasubieqtis kavSiri, advilad inacvlebs uxilav
sferoSi. gana SeiZleba ori qali arsebobdes da urTierTobdes maTi energiis
mapolarizebeli faqtoris, mamris gareSe?
ZiriTadad qaluri homoseqsualobis gageba maskulinur kategoriebze dayrdnobiT
xdeba. miiCneva, rom urTierToba xorcieldeba wyvilis erT-erTi mxaris mier
maskulinobis miTvisebis xarjze, maSin roca meore iTavsebs qalur, pasiur rols.
homoseqsualuri urTierTobis amgvari interpretacia, gansazRvravs mas, rogorc
patriarqalur sistemaSi aRmocenebul protests da reaqcias amave sistemis mimarT.
gamodis rom mamri mxolod zedapirulad aris gamoricxuli, realurad ki am saxis
urTierTobaSicAaris SenarCunebuli maskulinobis principi, Tan ara mxolod
SenarCunebulia, aramed sayrden da ganmsazRvrel faqtorad gvevlineba... amitom am
perspeqtiviT ganxiluli qaluri homoseqsualoba aranair safrTxes ar uqmnis
patriarqalur wyobas, is aris mxolod gamonaklisi, romelic kidev erTxel
adasturebs qalisa da mamakacis ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebis wess.
esses mizans amgvari aRqmis kritika warmoadgens. pirvel rigSi igi kiTxvis niSnis
qveS svams im daSvebas, rom qaluri homoseqsualobis principi mamakacuri
prerogativebis uzurpaciaSi mdgomareobs da surs daamtkicos, rom homoseqsualuri
kavSiri or qals Soris ki ar ireklavs an iRebs, aramed erTgvar gamowvevasac ki
ucxadebs urTierTobis diqotomiur, winaswargansazRvrul rolebze awyobil
ierarqiul models. es modeli, Tavis mxriv patriarqaluri sazogadoebis
struqturis mTavari sayrdenia, urTierTobis erTaderT legitimur da “bunebriv”
principad aRiqmeba da rogorc wesi, aranair ganxilvas ar eqvemdebareba. misi kiTxvis
niSnis qveS dasma patriarqaluri faseulobebis mTels wyebas ayenebs safrTxis
winaSe. amitom qalisa da mamakacis homoseqsualobis am WrilSi gaazreba, am
movlenas warmogvidgens, rogorc erTgvar socialur praqtikas, romlis analizs
SeuZlia didi daxmareba gagviwios ierarqiuli sazogadoebrivi struqturebis
rRvevaSi.
es rom asea gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans, roca genderuli rolebisa da nacionaluri
ideologiis urTierTmimarTebas vakvirdebiT. homoseqsualoba safrTxes uqmnis
sazogadoebis patriarqalur models da nacionalur homogenurobas. nacionalur
sazogadoebas homoseqsuali da feministi eris erT-erT yvelaze saSiS moRalated

2. qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da
nacionaluri sazogadoeba
iren daioli
esaxeba. homoseqsuali ver Tavsdeba genderuli rolebis iseT nacionalur
ritorikaSi, rogoricaa jariskacis da dedis roli... amas garda homoseqsuali
wyvilis arsebobas, interpersonaluri da sociluri urTierTobebis modelebis
pluralurobis aRiarebamde mivyavarT. xdeba genderuli rolebis kodifikaciis,
kacisa da qalis diqotomiur-ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS
dayeneba. es ki safrTxes uqmnis mTels im ierarqiul struqtirebs romlebzedac
daSenebulia nacionaluri sazogadoebis modeli.
qaluri homoseqsualobis patriarqaluri interpretaciebi
patriarqalur cnobierebis farglebSi, qali mxolod kacTan mimarTebaSi arsebobs,
da arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac masze dakisrebul specifiur funqciebs asrulebs.
qalis arseboba am CarCos miRma an qmedeba, romelic scdeba dadgenil zRvrebs,
partiarqaluri azrovnebisTvis konceptualur donezec ki problematuria. raTa
raRac axsna moeZebnaT imisTvis, rac patriarqalur konteqstSi yovelgvar azrs
moklebulia, qaluri homoseqsualobis interpretieba isev maskulinobasTan
referirebis gziT moaxdines. misi gaazreba moxda, rogorc kacis imitirebis,
mamkacebis prerogativebis miTvisebis survili, an rogorc ajanyeba patriarqatis
winaaRmdeg.
fsiqoanalizma kidev ufro gaamyara mosazreba imis Sesaxeb rom lesbosels “surs
iyos kaci”. froidis mixedviT qaluri homoseqsualobis safuZveli swored am
maskulinobis kompleqsSia. wyvili xom imTaviTve moiazreba, erTobad, romelic
Sedgeba erTi aqtiuri wevrisgan, anu mamakacisgan, da meore pasiuri, ukmari
seqsualuri ganviTarebis mqone wevrisgan, anu qalisgan. amitom iTvleba, rom
homoseqsualuri wyvilic am CarCoSi moqmedebs da axdens kacisa da qalis, an deda-
Svilis urTierTobis producirebas. es sakmaod didi gavlenis mqone ganacxadi,
uaryofs urTierTobis raime sxva modelebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas, da dayavs
isini reproduqciuli procesisTvis saWiro or sabaziso erTeulamde. sadac qali
ganekuTvneba bunebis sferos da mowyvetilia socialur sferos. interpretacia,
romelic aseT rolur gadanawilebazea dafuZnebuli, imTaviTve gamoricxavs or qals
Soris interaqcias.
ara mxolod patriarqaluri azrovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebali homoseqsualobis,
rogorc legitimuri socialuri praqtikis uaryofa. feminizmic, tradiciulad
lesboselobas, rezistentulobis gamovlinebad miiCnevs. magaliTad, erTerTi
klasikuri feministuri teqsti, simon de bovuaris “meore sqesi”, marTalia
upirispirdeba ierarqiul binarulobas, magram qalur homoseqsualobas gansazRvravs,
rogorc ajanyebas dadgenili normebis winaaRmdeg, an rogorc seqsualurobis da
feminurobis SiSiT gamowveul movlenas. bovuaris mixedviT seqsualuri interesi
meore qalis mimarT kidev ufro uwyobs xels qalis pasiurobas da mis seqsualur
obieqtad aRiarebas. WeSmaritad aqtori qali, misi azriT daupirispirdeboda
mamakacs, da mas aqcevda seqsualur obieqtad. lesboseli ki itanjeba imiT, rom ver
axdens Tavisi feminuri potencialis realizacias, mas surs iyos “sruli da
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3. qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da
nacionaluri sazogadoeba
iren daioli
normaluri” (normal and complete) magram ar SeuZlia mamakacTan urTierToba.
sabolood bovuaris interpretacia didad ar scdeba froidiseuls, misTvisac
lesboseloba aris erTgvari gaqceva, problemis gadaWris gza. xolo Tavad
problemas da homoseqsualuri kavSiris saTaves kvlav qalisa da mamakacis
urTierTobaSi eZebs.
genderuli rolebi da nacionalizmi
patriarqaluri falocentruli azrovnebisTvis or qals Soris urTierToba, sadac
mamakaci gamoricxulia, ver aRiqmeba seriozul sakiTxad. qristianul moZRvrebaSic,
romelic sakmaod mkacria qalis mimarT, qaluri homoseqsualoba ignorirebulia.
qali mamakacisTvis arsebobs, amitom qalis morali ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT Tu
rogor eqceva igi Tavis qmars, aqedan gamomdinare qalis codvebis Sinaarsic
mamakacis Rirsebis sakiTxTanaa dakavSirebuli. samarTalic religiis paralelurad
gaviTarda. avtoritarul konservatorul saxelmwifoebSi, sadac kacis
homoseqsualoba kriminalizebulia, lesboseloba iSviaTad eqceva yuradRebis
centrSi. magaliTad Tanamedrove xorvatiaSi, ultrakonservatoruli reaqciebis da
reseqsualizaciis politikis miuxedavad, represiuli emfatika qalebis mimarT ufro
feminizmiskenaa mimarTuli vidre alternatiuli seqsualuri praqtikebisken.
lesboseloba kriminalizebuli ar aris.
roca qalis homoseqsualobas vaRiarebT, rogorc socialur praqtikas amas e.w.
“homo-sociumis” cnebamde mivyavarT, sadac yuradReba ara mxolod seqsualur
qcevaze maxvildeba, aramed mTels socialur qselze da iseT sakiTxebze; rogoricaa
myari wyvilis formireba, ojaxuri urTierTobebi da sxva... es ki did safrTxes
uqmnis nacionalur sazogadoebas, radgan nacionaluri sazogadoebis simyaris
SenarCunebaSi qalis rols sakmaod didi mniSvlneloba aqvs. qalis sxeuli ar aris
mxolod misi an romelime konkretuli mamakacis sakuTreba, is sazogado
sakuTrebaa.Epersonalur sivrces ki ar warmoadgens, aramed socialuri teritoriaa,
romelic SeiZleba da unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da danawilebuli mamakacebis mier.
rogorc frendlendi ambobs, qali aris uZvelesi valuta.
socializaciis patriarqaluri modeli qalisgan konkurenciis reJimSi yofnas
moiTxovs, romelic dominantur klasTan aliansze, anu mamakacTan daaxloebazea
damyarebuli. aseTi sazogadoeba, bunebrivia safrTxis winaSe dgeba, roca qalebi
eqskluziur socialur kavSirs qmnian. maT vinc ar isurva mamakacTan aliansi,
gamoeTiSa am reJims, interesi sakuTari sqesisken mimarTa da Sinaganad aRiara Tavi
subieqtad. amgvarad homoseqsualuri wyvili simbolurad emijneba patriarqats.
qalebi, romlebic daqvemdebarebul poziciaSi iyvnen, aarseben alternatiul
sazogadoebas, sadac isini damoukidebel subieqtebs warmoadgenen da sadac qalis
sxeuli ukve aRar aris “mamakacis teritoria”.
miuxedavad imisa rom nacionalur sazogadoebaSi qalebi gariyulni arian socialuri
sferodan, maTi roli sazogadoebis struqturuli mdgradobis SenarCunebaSi Zalian
didia. mTavari amocana romelic aseT sazogadoebaSi ekisreba qals, es aris
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4. qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da
nacionaluri sazogadoeba
iren daioli
reproduqcia, rogorc biologiur, aseve simbolur da ideologiur doneze. qalis
funqcia eTnikur sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba ase Sejamdes: biologiuri reproduqcia,
anu eris gagrZelebis da uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa; ideologiuri reproduqcia,
roca xdeba erovnuli ideologiis da moralis gavrceleba da ganmtkiceba, rogorc
sakuTari qceviT aseve vaJebisa da qaliSvilebis Sesabamisi aRzrdiTa da ganaTlebiT;
SezRudvebis reproduqcia, aq maxvili keTdeba reproduqciis procesis e.w.
sisufTaveze, romelSic erovnuli aRrevisgan Tavis Sekaveba igulisxmeba. aseTi
aqcenti reproduqciaze TavisTavad zRudavs qalis seqsualobas da sanqcirebuls
xdis mis sxeuls, rogorc sazogadoebis legitimaciis mTavar wyaros. qalis
gaupatiureba eris fizikur dasustebas da simbolur wabilwvas niSnavs, albaT amiT
aixsneba, rom mas rogorc mtris dakninebis erTerT efeqtur xerxs, xSirad
mimarTaven eTnikuri omebis dros.
monik vitigis gancxadeba: “lesboselebi ar arian qalebi” zemoT aRweril
konteqstSi unda gaviazroT. aq igulisxmeba rom qalis arsi am sazogadoebis mier
masze dakisrebul funqciebSi mdgomareobs da swored es funqciebi gansazRvraven mas
rogorc qals. am gagebiT is qalebi, romlebic homoseqsualur kavSirs amyareben da
zemoTxsenebul funqciebs ar iTavseben, aRarc arian qalebi... maSinac ki roca maT
yavT Svilebi, isini ar Seesatyvisebian dedobis idealizebul gagebas. dauqorwinebel
qals ar aqvs adgili aseT sociumSi, is daibrunebs am adgils, mxolod saqorwino
kontraqtze xelis moweris Sedegad, roca gadava ojaxis Tavkacis xelSi, romelic
SeiTavsebs mediatoris rols pirad da sazogado sferoebs Soris, gaakontrolebs
mas sazogadoebis saxeliT da mis sxeuls rogorc koleqtiur sivrces, rogorc
socialur teritorias, patriarqaluri Rirebulebebisa da ideologiis gamtarad
aqcevs.
marTalia qalis sxeulze kontrolis dakargva asustebs nacionalizms, magram amaze
did safrTxes misTvis mainc ierarqiuli binarulobis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba
warmoadgens. nacionaluri ideologia or debulebas efuZneba:
1. binarul kategorizacias, romelic mamrobiTisa da mdedrobiTs, fsiqoanalizis
doneze me-sa da sxvas, xolo politikur doneze dominantisa da daqvemdebarebulis
dapirispirebaSi mdgomareobs.
2. eWvgareSe da kiTxvadausmeli ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebas am kategoriebs
Soris. rogorc rada ivekoviCi aRniSnavs genderuli kodebi da ierarqiuli
binaruloba nacionalizmis birTvuli elementebia, radgan masze dayrdnobiT da misi
analogiiT xdebas rasobrivi, klasobrivi Tu sxva saxis ierarqiebis ageba, sadac
erTi dominantia, meore ki daqvemdebarebuli, sadac “sxva” dakninebuli da
damcirebulia. es kargad vlindeba eTnikuri omebis dros, roca Zaladoba
genderulad gansazRvrulia, da msxverpli avtomaturad feminuri maxasiaTeblebis
matarebeli xdeba, maSin roca dominant mxares maskulinur Tvisebebs miaweren.
meores mxriv ivan ivekoviCi balkaneTis neo-patriarqaluri reJimis magaliTze,
paralelebs avlebs da analogiebs poulobs eTnikuri umciresobebisa da qalebis
mimarT damokidebulebaSi da aCvenebs, rom iq qalebi, iseve rogorc sxvasxva
umciresobaTa jgufebi, mTlianad gariyulni arian sazogadoebrivi sferodan.
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5. qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da
nacionaluri sazogadoeba
iren daioli
roca nacionalizmis erotikul maxasiaTeblebs vakvirdebiT, da im binarul sistemas,
romelic nacionalur ideologias efuZneba, aSkara xdeba rom homoseqsualoba,
mTlianad eWvqveS ayenebs am sistemis ucvlel, bunebriv Tu uryev xasiaTs. amitom
igi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc instrumenti ideologiuri Tu socialuri
homogenurobis dasaZlevad da pluralizmis dasamkvidreblad socialur sferoSi.
daskvna: socialuri struqturebis rRveva (queering)
patriarqaluri sistemebis funqcionireba xdeba qalis winaswargansazRvruli
feminuri modelis meSveobiT, romelic gulisxmobs xistad dadgenil funqciebs da
ar rTavs maT sazogadoebriv sferoSi rogorc avtonomiur individebs. is ierarqia,
romelic pirad sferoSia gamefebuli koleqtivis struqturalur models
warmoadgens.
nebismieri urTierToba, romelic ar aris am models morgebuli tovebs sivrces
potenciurad Tanabari da ara prekodificirebuli interaqciisTvis. homoseqsualuri
urTierTobis dros qali ar aris SezRuduli sakuTari anatomiiT da
winaswargansazRvruli roliT, rogorc patriarqaluri wyoba moiTxovs amas. Tavad
erTi sqesis warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierTobis idea, aTavisuflebs adamians
savaldebulo anatomiur safuZvelze agebuli bediswerisgan. SeiZleba zogierTi
homoseqsuali wyvili marTlac axdens tradiciuli rolebis imitirebas, magram
TviTon faqti, rom es rolebi SegiZlia miiRo an uaryo, ganaxorcielo Sens
yoveldRiur yofaSi an ubralod ignorireba gaukeTo maT, ukve axdens genderis
performaciuli xasiaTis demonstrirebas da gasaqans aZlevs individulur arCevans.
homoseqsualobis dekonstruqciuli potencia swored am rolebis pirobiTobis
demostrirebaSi da sqesis ierarqiuli diqotomiis gabaTilebaSi mdgomareobs. xolo
sqesobrivi stratifikacia aris sxva ierarqiuli daSrevebis safuZvelic, amitom misi
kiTxvis qveS dasma safrTxes uqmnis rasobriv, erTnikur da klasobriv dayofasac.
fuko sqess Zalauflebis WrilSi ganixilavs. TviTon Zalauflebac SeiZleba
ganvixiloT sqesobrivi kuTxiT da farda avxadoT socialuri uTanasworobis
genderul safuZvlebs. Tu miviRebT gansxvavebuls, da davicavT imis uflebas, rom
iyo gansxvavebuli genderuli identobis Tu seqsualuri orientaciis sakiTxebSi, Tu
gabaTildeba warmodgena qalis mamakacze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sqesi da genderi
SeiZleba diskriminaciis instrumentebidan, socialuri pluralizaciis
instrumentebad iqces. qalur homoseqsualoba marTalia konceptualur doneze,
magram mainc cvlilebas uqvemdebarebs TiTqosda ucvlel avtoritaruli da
ierarqiuli socialuri struqturebs da am gziT wvlili Seaqvs maT rRvevaSi da
gviCvenebs socialuri da interpersonaluri urTierTobebis mravalferovnebis
SesaZleblobas.
inglisuridan Targmna
nino xarCilavam
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