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CHAPTER 2: COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
Software
At the end of the lesson, student should
be able to:
   State types of system software
    i)    Operating system
    ii)   Utility program
   Describe the differences between the operating
    system and utility program
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
What is Operating System??
   Operating system is a set of programs containing
    instructions that coordinate all the activities among
    computer hardware resources.
   Most of operating system performs similar function
    that includes starting a computer, provide a user
    interface, managing program, managing memory
    and configuring devices.
   Some operating system also allows users to
    control a network and administer security.
Type of OS
   Three types of OS
       Stand-Alone Operating System – Windows XP,
        Vista, Mac OS, Linux, DOS
       Network Operating System – Windows NT,
        Windows server 2000, Linux, UNIX, Solaris
       Embedded Operating System – Windows CE, Palm
        OS, Symbian OS, Embedded Linux
The Various Types of OS used on the
          different Platforms
                             Proprietary                 Open Source

PC and IBM compatible    Microsoft DOS                Linux (Ubuntu, KDE,
                         Microsoft Windows XP          RedHat, open SUSE)
                         Microsoft Windows Vista      FreeBSD
                                                       TinyOS



Mac – Macintosh          Mac OS
(Apple)                  Mac OS X
Functions of OS
        Starting a computer. The process of starting or restarting a computer is called
        booting.
p       Provide a user interface. We interact with software through its user interface.
        That is, user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how
        information is displayed on the screen. Three types of user interface are

            i) Command Line Interface (CLI)         Command Driven Interface
            ii) Menu Driven Interface                  Menu Driven Interface
            iii) Graphical User Interface (GUI)         Icon Driven Interface

T       Managing programs. Some operating systems support a single user only one
        running program at a time. Others support thousands of users running multiple
        programs.
a       Managing memory. The computer’s operating system is responsible for
        managing memory such as:
    s      allocating data and instruction to an area of memory while being processed
    a      Monitoring the contents of memory
o       Configuring devices. A driver, short for device driver, is a small program that
        tells the operating system how to communicate with specific device.
Interfaces of Operating System
1)   Command Line
     Interface (eg: DOS)
    requires a user to type
     commands or press special
     keys on the keyboard to enter
     data and instructions that
     instruct the operating system.
    it has to be typed one line at a
     time.
    Example: rename a filename
     from ABC.txt to DEF.txt
     C:>rename abc.txt def.txt
1)   Menu Driven Interface
    enables the user to avoid
     memorizing keywords such
     as copy, paste and syntax.
    on screen, menu-drive
     interface provide menus as
     means of entering
     commands.
    it shows all the options
     available at a given point in
     a form of text-based menu.
1)   Graphical User
     Interface (eg:
     Windows XP)
    makes use of the computer’s
     graphics capabilities to
     make the operating system
     and programs easier to use,
     which is also called ‘user
     friendly’.
    interact with visual images
     such as buttons, icons and
     other graphical objects to
     issue commands.
The different Interfaces of OS
                                         Graphical User Interface
     Command Line Interface (DOS)           (Windows/Linux)

1)     User have to                 1)   User have not to
       memories all the                  memories all the
       syntax to issue                   syntax to issue
       command                           command
2)     Difficult to use             2)   Easy to use
3)     Not user friendly            3)   User friendly
4)     Take a long time to          4)   Take a short time to
       learn                             learn
What is Utility Programs??
   Utility programs also known as service programs, is
    a type of system software that allow user to
    perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related
    to manage a computer, its device or its programs.
   Two types of utility programs:
       Built in (windows explorer, disk cleanup, disk
        defragmenter)
       Stand-alone utility (winzip, norton utility, kaspersky)
Differentiate between the Types and
      Usage of Utility Programs
Utility Program                Usage                    Examples
                      is a utility program that
File Management      performs functions related to    Windows Explorer
                     files and disk management
                      example; you can copy files
                     and programs from one disk
                     to another.
                      is a utility programs that
Diagnostic Utility   compiles technical information    Norton Utilities
                     about a computer’s hardware
                     and certain system software
                     programs and then prepares
                     a report outlining any
                     identified problems
Utility Program                Usage                     Examples
                    is a system software that we
File Compression   use to shrink the size of files so       Winzip
                   they require less storage                WinRar
                   space and reduce transmission            PKzip
                   time if we send them over
                   internet
                    is a program that protects a
   Antivirus       computer against viruses by          Norton Antivirus
                   identifying and removing any           Kaspersky
                   computer viruses found in a              AntiVir
                   memory, storage media or                  AVG
                   incoming files                            Avast
Utility Program           Usage                Examples
                   is a utility program
 Defragmenter     that reorganize file and   Norton Speed Disk
                  unused space on a          Disk Defragmenter
                  computer hard disk
                   the defragment
                  eliminates fragmented
                  file
                   is a utility programs
  Disk Scanner    that detect and corrects
                  both physical and
                  logical problems on a
                  hard disk and searches
                  for and remove
                  unnecessary software

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

  • 2. At the end of the lesson, student should be able to:  State types of system software i) Operating system ii) Utility program  Describe the differences between the operating system and utility program
  • 4. What is Operating System??  Operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.  Most of operating system performs similar function that includes starting a computer, provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and configuring devices.  Some operating system also allows users to control a network and administer security.
  • 5. Type of OS  Three types of OS  Stand-Alone Operating System – Windows XP, Vista, Mac OS, Linux, DOS  Network Operating System – Windows NT, Windows server 2000, Linux, UNIX, Solaris  Embedded Operating System – Windows CE, Palm OS, Symbian OS, Embedded Linux
  • 6. The Various Types of OS used on the different Platforms Proprietary Open Source PC and IBM compatible  Microsoft DOS  Linux (Ubuntu, KDE,  Microsoft Windows XP RedHat, open SUSE)  Microsoft Windows Vista  FreeBSD  TinyOS Mac – Macintosh  Mac OS (Apple)  Mac OS X
  • 7. Functions of OS Starting a computer. The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting. p Provide a user interface. We interact with software through its user interface. That is, user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. Three types of user interface are i) Command Line Interface (CLI) Command Driven Interface ii) Menu Driven Interface Menu Driven Interface iii) Graphical User Interface (GUI) Icon Driven Interface T Managing programs. Some operating systems support a single user only one running program at a time. Others support thousands of users running multiple programs. a Managing memory. The computer’s operating system is responsible for managing memory such as: s allocating data and instruction to an area of memory while being processed a Monitoring the contents of memory o Configuring devices. A driver, short for device driver, is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with specific device.
  • 8. Interfaces of Operating System 1) Command Line Interface (eg: DOS)  requires a user to type commands or press special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions that instruct the operating system.  it has to be typed one line at a time.  Example: rename a filename from ABC.txt to DEF.txt C:>rename abc.txt def.txt
  • 9. 1) Menu Driven Interface  enables the user to avoid memorizing keywords such as copy, paste and syntax.  on screen, menu-drive interface provide menus as means of entering commands.  it shows all the options available at a given point in a form of text-based menu.
  • 10. 1) Graphical User Interface (eg: Windows XP)  makes use of the computer’s graphics capabilities to make the operating system and programs easier to use, which is also called ‘user friendly’.  interact with visual images such as buttons, icons and other graphical objects to issue commands.
  • 11. The different Interfaces of OS Graphical User Interface Command Line Interface (DOS) (Windows/Linux) 1) User have to 1) User have not to memories all the memories all the syntax to issue syntax to issue command command 2) Difficult to use 2) Easy to use 3) Not user friendly 3) User friendly 4) Take a long time to 4) Take a short time to learn learn
  • 12. What is Utility Programs??  Utility programs also known as service programs, is a type of system software that allow user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to manage a computer, its device or its programs.  Two types of utility programs:  Built in (windows explorer, disk cleanup, disk defragmenter)  Stand-alone utility (winzip, norton utility, kaspersky)
  • 13. Differentiate between the Types and Usage of Utility Programs Utility Program Usage Examples  is a utility program that File Management performs functions related to Windows Explorer files and disk management  example; you can copy files and programs from one disk to another.  is a utility programs that Diagnostic Utility compiles technical information Norton Utilities about a computer’s hardware and certain system software programs and then prepares a report outlining any identified problems
  • 14. Utility Program Usage Examples  is a system software that we File Compression use to shrink the size of files so Winzip they require less storage WinRar space and reduce transmission PKzip time if we send them over internet  is a program that protects a Antivirus computer against viruses by Norton Antivirus identifying and removing any Kaspersky computer viruses found in a AntiVir memory, storage media or AVG incoming files Avast
  • 15. Utility Program Usage Examples  is a utility program Defragmenter that reorganize file and Norton Speed Disk unused space on a Disk Defragmenter computer hard disk  the defragment eliminates fragmented file  is a utility programs Disk Scanner that detect and corrects both physical and logical problems on a hard disk and searches for and remove unnecessary software