from A.K.Soma Sekhar Scientist-'E' NIC Raipur

1. COREPDS -

2. Advisory Panel:
Mr. Vikas Sheel
Secretary (Food), Govt. of Chhattisgarh
Mr. M.K Mishra
SIO (NIC), Chhattisgarh
Mr. Rajeev Jaiswal
Joint Director, Directorate of Food
Mr. G.S.Sikarwar
OSD (Food)
Mr. C.M.Chandrakar
Manager, CGSCSC
Editor:
A.K.Somasekhar, Scientist
National Informatics Centre, CGSC
Associates:
Y.V.Shreenivas Rao, Scientist
National Informatics Centre, CGSC
Manish Kochar, Scientist
National Informatics Centre, CGSC
Manuscript Preparation:
M.Muralidhar
Publisher:
Department of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection

3. With Best Complements From
Dr. Raman Singh
Hon‟ble Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh
Mr. Punnulal Mohle
Hon‟ble Minister
Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Protection
Mr. Leela Ram Bhojwani
Chairman, Chhattisgarh State Civil Supplies
Corporation

4. Index
Sl.No Content Page
1 COREPDS in Chhattisgarh 1
2 10 Reasons to change my FPS 5
4 Journey of PDS Computerization in Chhattisgarh 9
5 COREPDS - Use cases 10
6 COREPDS Process Flow Chart 16
7 Hon’ble Minister’s poem on COREPDS 17
8 COREPDS - Performance Indicators 18
9 COREPDS – Monitoring Reports 19
10 COREPDS – Stake Holders 20
11 KMS for COREPDS 21
12 Risk Analysis and Mitigation Strategies 22
13 COREPDS – Costing 24
14 Business Continuity Plan (BCP) 25
15 Connectivity Survey of FPS’ in the State 26
16 COREPDS in Rural Areas 27
17 COREPDS Team 28
19 Status of COREPDS 31
18 Thoughts for Debate 29
20 Annex I – Comparision of COREPDS in Chhattisgarh with other Models 32
21 Annex II – Problems in PDS and which technology cab solve them 35

5. COREPDS in Chhattisgarh
Introduction
Computerization of PDS Supply Chain Management was successfully implemented in
Chhattisgarh in 2007-08. The system has been fully operational in the State since January 2008
and stocking of Public Distribution System (PDS) commodities in
10,883 Fair Price Shops (FPS) is being closely and effectively
monitored since then. The implementation of computerized system
has lead to increased transparency, accountability and significant
reduction in diversion of stocks. The surveys done by “Right to
Food” and Planning Commission have both revealed that 95%
people in Chhattisgarh are getting full rations as per their
entitlements. The initiative was awarded the “Prime Minister's
Award for Excellence in Public Administration” for the year 2008 -
09; and the Honorable Supreme Court has also recommended replication of the “Chhattisgarh
model of Computerization of PDS Supply Chain” in other States.
The initiative did not include automation of FPS. COREPDS (FPS
automation in Chhattisgarh) proved to be a game changer in PDS
operations, revolutionizing PDS by empowering beneficiary with
the right to choose an FPS. The convenience that technology has
given to a bank account holder to withdraw money from any ATM,
is being offered to a poor BPL beneficiary in COREPDS and
enables her to pick up her rations from an FPS of her choice.
COREPDS is operational in all 151 FPS‟ of Raipur city as on today (as on 01.07.2012)
benefiting 1.5 lakh Ration Card holders.
Motivators for the Initiative
PDS in Chhattisgarh had been reformed with both ICT and NON IT interventions. Even though
the PDS had improved in Chhattisgarh since 2008 due to the interventions, there were still the
following two areas of concern that motivated the State to take up the initiative-
1. Beneficiary in general is getting her full entitlements, but faces following common
problem(s) at FPS-
FPS is not open when the beneficiary wants to take her rations, leading to
additional trips.
FPS declares 'no stock' even when the FPS has sufficient stocks, leading to
additional trips.
4

6. The sales person does not accord due respect to the beneficiary or sometimes
misbehaves.
Overcharging – The sales person charges more than what is chargeable.
Deliberate under-weighment of the commodities by sales person.
Beneficiary may need to spend at least half a day to take commodities because of
long queues.
The motivation behind the implementation of COREPDS is to solve the problems stated
above. Given that these problems exist at the shop level and that their existence depends on
the behavior and integrity of the shop sales person, technology alone cannot provide a
solution to the problems. The problems can only be solved by empowering the beneficiary to
go to any FPS of her choice by providing portability support. Whenever a beneficiary faces
any of the above problems, she would be free to go to any other FPS where she gets better
service. Fear of losing customers and the resulting competition among FPSs shall also
eliminate the above problems and improve the services. COREPDS not only provides for
capturing of real time transaction data at the FPS but also offers portability to the
beneficiaries to address the above problems.
2. There were clear evidences of Proxy issuances (recording an issue to a beneficiary without
actually issuing to the beneficiary) before the implementation of COREPDS, mostly in case
of APL allocations and Kerosene, as demand for these items is comparatively less. Another
motivation behind the initiative is to save cost to the Government by checking Proxy issues
with the help of Smart Card / OTP authentication.
COREPDS Objectives
To improve Service Delivery
Primary purpose of the initiative is to improve service delivery at FPS in terms of quality of
the commodities, quantity of commodities and behavior of FPS sales person with
beneficiaries.
To reduce Diversion
To check diversion of PDS commodities by checking proxy issues. Diversion in PDS Supply
chain at any stage (while procuring, storage, at the time of movement from warehouse to FPS
or at FPS) is possible only when proxy issues can be recorded at an FPS. COREPDS is
targeted towards elimination of diversion by using “Online real time mechanical
authentication”, at the time of service delivery, at the FPS.
To empower beneficiary
4

7. The objective of COREPDS is to empower the beneficiary with the facility to pick up her
rations from an FPS of her choice. This in turn introduces competition among FPS‟, for a
larger share of beneficiaries, leading to improved service delivery at the shop. As a result, the
beneficiary is not solely dependent on monitoring done by the departmental officials. In fact
the beneficiary, in COREPDS, becomes a partner of the government in the process of
monitoring.
To Weed out Bad FPS
The past system of inspection of FPSs to identify bad FPS‟ for cancelling them has been
proved to be ineffective as the inspections can attract corrupt practices and the inspectors can
be managed with grafts. COREPDS is to create a system where bad performers shall
automatically be weeded out as a result of competition.
To Create Transparency
The transaction data recorded at the shops would be put in public domain and hence
COREPDS enables public scrutiny and social auditing of the FPS‟. The details of
withdrawals are sent to Beneficiary through SMS, if mobile number is registered.
Strategy Adapted
In COREPDS, FPS‟ are equipped with a POS device with GPRS connectivity. Hon'ble Chief
Minister of Chhattisgarh has named the POS device used in COREPDS as “AnnapoornaATM”,
as it works like ATM for food grains (clarification: Food grains are given manually by FPS but
authentication and record of
transaction on server is done
through this POS) Each BPL
beneficiary is provided with a
Smart Ration Card (SRC) and
APL beneficiary has been
registered with her mobile
number. BPL beneficiary can take
her rations (as per entitlement) at
any FPS by producing her SRC.
FPS sales person inserts the SRC
in POS device. POS reads the ration card number and sends it to the server through GPRS to get
her entitlement balances. FPS sales person enters the quantities to be issued to beneficiary and
submits. Server updates the transaction and gives the
success report. Thereafter a receipt is printed and the
commodities are issued to the beneficiary. For the
next transaction, the beneficiary can choose to go to
another FPS as her food account balances are
4

8. maintained on the server and on her smart card (SRC or RSBY card). The same portability has
been offered to an APL beneficiary with the help of One Time Pin (OTP) authentication through
her mobile phone.
COREPDS is designed for biometric authentication of the beneficiary using either the Aadhaar
infrastructure or Rashtriya Swasthya Beema Yojana (RSBY) biometrics. COREPDS shall work
with the smart card issued by the Food department as well as with the RSBY smart card issued
by the Health department just by linking the RSBY- URN and the Ration Card number. This not
only leads to savings in precious time and money for the Government but also relieves the
beneficiary from the burden of carrying multiple cards.
Portability
The problems that are faced by beneficiary at FPS were mainly due to linking of beneficiary with
one FPS in the earlier system. FPS did not have fear of losing a beneficiary. COREPDS
empowers beneficiary by offering a right to chose FPS of her liking. This system shall create
competition between FPS‟ and thus improve service delivery. COREPDS enables good
performers attract more and more customers and get more business where as bad performers lose
their business. It is worth noted here COREPDS has created an internal mechanism where bad
performers are automatically weeded out and good performers are incentivized.
From 'Development as Freedom', p 27
"A person produces the same commodities in the same way and ends up
with same income and buys the same goods, she may still have very
good reason to prefer the scenario of free choice over that of
submission to order"
Amartya Sen
(Winner of the noble prize in economics)
Now beneficiaries can go to FPS of their choice. Currently, about 15 % beneficiaries are taking
commodities from an FPS other than their attached FPS. 85 % beneficiaries have not changed
their FPS. But they are taking their commodities now with their choice not by compulsion. As
per the above quote of Dr. Amartya Sen in his book „Development as Freedom‟, people prefer
situation where their choice is respected to the situations without their choice even though the
same level service is available.
4

9. Portability is provided in COREPDS not only for improving service but as a mitigation strategy
for a major risk against sustainability of the project. The main objective of any kind of FPS
automation is to check diversion of stocks at the FPS. That naturally acts against the interest of
such FPS agencies which earn undue profits as a result of diversion. Hence, it is not wise to
assume that FPS will sincerely try to implement COREPDS. There would always be a risk that
the FPS intentionally tries to discredit the technology (POS devices, connectivity etc.) by
deliberately not following the protocols of COREPDS. In such a case if portability is not offered,
an impression would be created that the beneficiaries do not get service because of technology.
No technological solution and be implemented sustainably if it creates or is seen to be creating
more inconvenience to the genuine beneficiaries. To mitigate this risk, COREPDS offers
portability. If technology is not working at one FPS due to any reason, beneficiary can go to a
nearby FPS where it is working. The FPS, where the system does not work, shall loose business
making the FPS sincerely try to run the system properly.
4

10. 10 Reasons to change my FPS
, 10
6
18
2
2
1
Currently 15% people are using portability option in COREPDS 5

11. Authentication
Current PDS in the State is based on the manual authentication of beneficiary at FPS by seeing
her ration card and photo on it. This type of authentication does not provide proof of
authentication and is all dependent on the integrity of FPS. Mechanical authentication provides
evidence that the delivery is taken place with the knowledge of beneficiary. Hence, proxy
withdrawals can be checked with the help of mechanical authentication.
Mechanical authentication can be of the following three types.
What You Know? : In this type of authentication the person has to share a secret word to
authenticate her. The passwords to open our emails, etc come under this type of
authentication. This type of authentication is not much useful in PDS for obvious reasons.
Do you know the oldest password ever used? Yes we all know that it is
“Kuljha Sim Sim” to open the treasure by the 40 thieves in the story „Ali
Baba 40 Thieves‟
What You Have? : In this type of authentication, person is authenticated by something
which he/ she is processing. Credit cards, smart cards, etc come under this type of
authentication. If one can successfully produce a particular smart card or credit card, one is
authenticated and believed to be the genuine person. OTP sent to a mobile number does also
come under this type of authentication as it proves the person shared the OTP is processing
the registered mobile with her. COREPDS uses this type of authentication currently and
scalable to bio-metric authentication (what you are) when the State is ready with Aadhaar or
RSBY.
What You Are? : This authentication is based on some biometrics of the person like face,
finger prints, IRIS, voice or any such type. The face & voice are widely used biometrics by
human beings to authenticate a person. IRIS and finger prints are suitable biometrics for
mechanical biometric authentication. As IRIS scanners are costlier, finger print biometric
authentication is being widely used or being planned to use in different applications.
The below table shows the comparison of diversion control in case of smart card authentication
(what you have) and bio-metric authentication (what you are?).
Diversion due to Smart Card Bio-metric
1 Beneficiary has smart card with her, but she Can check Can check
has either not demanded or she has been
denied. Without beneficiary‟s knowledge,
issue has been recorded
Toll Free number to lodge complaints on Food Department is 1800-233-3663 6

12. 2 Duplicate cards Cannot Cannot check as de-
check duplication has not been
based on biometrics
3 Fake cards Cannot Cannot check as fake
check cards shall be enrolled
with some person
4 Smart card is forcibly taken away by FPS or Cannot Can check as bio-metric
mortgaged by beneficiary check authentication is not
possible
Except in the case 4, bio-metric authentication (without de-duplication) is equal to Smart
card authentication. And case 4 is a very small percentage, may be less than 0.1%.
COREPDS, allowing 0.1% diversion, shall start FPS automation quickly and scale up to bio-
metric authentication using Aadhaar infrastructure or RSBY bio-metrics, whenever they are
ready. Within the time biometrics are collected, Smart card authentication can return the
investment many times, due to the possible diversion control.
Finger print authentication may be a foolproof authentication method but it may sometimes
create inconvenience to genuine beneficiaries. To address the issue, department has decided
to add the following features in the system, when bio-metric authentication shall be
introduced.
Provision to waive off biometric authentication
Finger print authentication mandates one of the members of the family will come to an
FPS, for taking PDS commodities. It is difficult for some beneficiaries to come to FPS
because of their age, ill health or disability for whom there should be some method of
waiving off biometric authentication. COREPDS allows waiving off biometric
authentication by checking a flag on the Server, on the recommendation of the District
administration.
Introduction of Friend families for biometric authentication
The general habit of poor families is to send one person to collect PDS commodities of 3
or 4 families to save time and daily wage. But this is not possible after introduction of
biometric authentication of family members for issue of PDS commodities. To allow
this, COREPDS permits to add two friend families similar to third parties in the net
banking. Once 'friend family' is added following a process, the friend family member
can get the other beneficiaries‟ PDS commodities issued using the actual beneficiary‟s
smart card and her own biometrics.
Technology may not check corruption but transparency can 7

13. Allow any other beneficiaries bio-metric authorization in case „false rejection‟
In the paper „Role of Biometric Technology in Aadhaar Authentication‟ released by
UIDAI on its official web site, it is mentioned that Finger Print Rejection Rate (FRR)
will be about 6.5 % using single attempt of resident‟s best finger and can be reduced to
1 % in the case of two best fingers, three attempts. That means, in the best scenario also,
one genuine beneficiary out of every 100 beneficiaries shall be denied her entitlements
because of technology, if finger print authentication is made compulsory for service
delivery. That results in about 50,000 unhappy families in the State, every month,
cursing the Government and the technology. In the normal case it will be 3.25 Lakh
unhappy families.
COREPDS addresses this issue by providing a feature to deliver PDS commodities to a
beneficiary whose finger print could not be authenticated, but authorized by another
beneficiary with her finger print and smart card. This is to serve the genuine beneficiary,
even at the risk a few proxy issues. But, they can easily be found and verified if such
cases are coming from one FPS unduly high or being authorized by only one beneficiary
in every case.
Technology can increase transparency to manifold 8

14. Journey of PDS Computerization in Chhattisgarh
st
Feb 1 2007 Ration card digitization started
st
Aug 1 2007 Ration card distribution started
st
Nov 1 2007 VSAT Network established
th
Dec 10 2007 Automated allotment started
st
Jan 21 2008 Honorable Chief Minister inaugurated Call Centre & SMS alerts
st
Feb 1 2008 PDS supply chain computerization fully operational
Mar 25th 2008 National workshop organized in Raipur on PDS reforms
e - India 2008 Award received by the department as „Best ICT enabled
Jul 31st 2008
Department of the Year‟
Project received Manthan South Asia Award for „Best e Content for
Oct 18th 2008
Development‟
Department received CSI – Nihilent Award as „Best e- Governed
Dec 18th 2008
Department‟
The Project bagged Gold medal in National e – Governance Awards
Jan 12th 2009
2009 for „Excellence in Government Process Re-Engineering‟
Honorable Cabinet Secretary declared the Chhattisgarh PDS
Mar 24th 2009
Computerization as „Best Practice‟
Jul 7th 2009 PC Quest recognized the project as the „Best ICT Implementation‟
st
Aug 1 2009 Food Inspector Module launched reforming Fair Price Shop Inspection
PDS reforms have been shared with the SAARC Countries in the
Mar 1st 2010
SAARC Conference
Prime Minister Award for „Excellence in Public Administration‟
Apr 21st 2010
conferred to the team involved in PDS Computerization
Aug 2nd 2010 COREPDS concept paper approved by the Department
Apr 1st 2011 Budget provision made for COREPDS in Raipur city
Honorable Supreme court ordered to implement Chhattisgarh model of
Sep 11th 2011
PDS Supply Chain Computerization in all the States.
Nov 1st 2011 Pilot implementation of COREPDS in one Fair Price Shop
st
Jan 1 2012 Pilot run of Kerosene Computerization started
Mar 20th 2012 Honorable Chief Minister formally inaugurated COREPDS
st
Jul 1 2012 COREPDS fully operational in all 151 FPSs of Raipur city
st
Nov 1 2012 COREPDS will be rolled out in Rajnandgaon and Durg cities
COREPDS will be rolled out to all corporations of the city and one full
Mar 31st 2013
district using RSBY card as ration card
Mar 31st 2015 Roll out of COREPDS throughout the state
Improvement Continues…
Success is a journey not a destination 10

15. COREPDS - USECASES
Use Case – 1 : Issue PDS Commodities with SRC
This is the default method of issuing PDS commodities in COREPDS. SRC is inserted in the
POS device. POS authenticates SRC and sends ration card details to server to get food A/C
balances. When balances are displayed on the screen, quantities to be issued are entered and
submitted to the server. Server updates the transaction and success report is sent. Receipt is
printed and given to the beneficiary along with PDS commodities. The detailed flow chart is
given below.
Success is a journey not a destination 10

16. Use Case – 2 : Issue PDS Commodities without SRC
There will always be a situation where a small percentage of genuine beneficiaries do not have
SRCs because either they could not take in the distribution camps or they have lost Smart Ration
card and have not received duplicate. This use case is to serve these genuine beneficiaries even
with the risk of a few proxy issues. These beneficiaries shall not get the advantage of portability,
but can take commodities from their FPS. FPS shall enter the Ration card number and quantities
to be issued and records the transaction in the server. The detailed flow chart is given below.
11

17. Use Case – 3 : Issue PDS Commodities with OTP Authentication
APL Beneficiaries in COREPDS have not been given smart ration cards, but registered with their
mobile numbers. These beneficiaries also can go to any FPS with their registered mobile and
claim their entitlements. FPS enters their ration card number and submits to the server. Server
sends OTP to the registered mobile number and food a/c balances to the POS device.
Beneficiaries shares OTP with FPS which will be entered in POS device, along with quantities to
be issued. Server authenticates OTP and sends success report for further issue of PDS
commodities to the beneficiary. The detailed flow chart is given below.
12

18. Use Case – 4 : Issue PDS Commodities with SRC, in Offline mode
It is true that the connectivity is good in India and increasing rapidly. But it is also a fact that
connectivity at one place is not reliable. This use case is to continue business in case of
temporary connectivity problems at FPS. The transaction is completed offline and stored in the
FPS‟s Smart card as well as Beneficiary‟s SRC. As soon as the connectivity is available the
transaction shall be updated in the server. This use case allows only a limited number of
transactions to force FPS uploads the transactions periodically.
13

19. Use Case – 5 : Issue PDS Commodities with RSBY Smart Card
Government of Chhattisgarh has decided to universalize RSBY throughout Chhattisgarh. That
means every family in the State shall get one RSBY smart card. Hence department has decided
to use RSBY cards as ration cards in future, without issuing separate smart cards for PDS. This
will be the first successful experiment in the country that provides for synthesis between the
efforts of two departments of the government to provide services to common beneficiaries
through the same instrument. RSBY cards can also be used for offline biometric authentication
before issuing PDS commodities. The detailed flow chart is given below.
14

20. Use Case - 6 : Receipt of PDS Commodities
This use case is to record receipt of PDS commodities from Chhattisgarh State Civil Supplies
Corporation or from Kerosene Dealer.
Use Case - 7 : Cancel last Transaction
This is to cancel a transaction in case the figures are entered wrongly or commodities could not
be given to the beneficiary after successful transaction.
Use Case - 8 : Record Storage loss
There will be cases where some portion of commodities at FPS are spoiled or stolen. Whoever
may be at fault, the commodities cannot be issued to the beneficiaries and server should show
that there are no issuable stocks at FPS. This use case is to record that kind of storage loss. The
reason of the loss shall be enquired and necessary action shall be taken to fix the responsibility
for storage loss.
Use Case -9 : Reports
Reports:
Daily Transactions Report.
FPS‟s Stock Related Report.
Beneficiary‟s Balance Report.
Beneficiary Mini Statement.
Daily Detailed Transaction.
15

21. COREPDS Process Flow
16

22. Hon’ble Minister’s poem said at the time
of inaguration
17

23. Performance Indicators for COREPDS
Measurement of outcome is required for assessing the progress. Hence indicators should be
created to measure impact of the project in the direction of envisioned objectives. The
performance indicators should preferably be objective in nature. The following performance
indicators are being used for monitoring COREPDS in Chhattisgarh.
1. Reduction in Fake Issues
Change in percentage of sale of commodities at FPS, when compared to the average of 6
months sales prior to COREPDS implementation shall be calculated which can be used to
find out the actual savings due to implementation of COREPDS. (+ve indicator)
2. Measurement of Portability
The project envisions that the portability is the empowerment of beneficiary. It is required to
measure how many people are using the empowerment and the no. of FPSs losing their
business due to this portability. The following indexes will be calculated to find out the
impact of Portability.
Churning Effect
The % of beneficiaries taken commodities from other than attached FPSs in the total
beneficiaries taken commodities in that month will be calculated. (+ve indicator)
Weeding Out Bad FPSs:
% of FPSs that have lost 25% of attached beneficiaries in total number of FPS in
COREPDS shall be measured. When some FPSs lose their business due to this portability
then only we can conclude that beneficiaries are getting better service and bad performers
are being punished. (+ve indicator)
3. Measurement of improvement in service delivery
For objective measurement of service delivery improvement the following indicator shall be
used.
% of people getting all commodities at one time:
It is an observation that beneficiaries have to visit multiple times to get different
commodities in the present system of PDS. It is an obvious improvement in service
delivery if beneficiary can get all the commodities (except Kerosene) at one time, saving
in multiple trips and associated cost and time. Kerosene is neither sold nor preferred to be
bought along with food grain commodities because of its smell. (+ve indicator)
4. Annual Customer Satisfaction Survey
An Annual survey will be conducted to take feedback from at least 1% of beneficiaries in
COREPDS and the customer satisfaction indicator will be calculated.
Measurement is important for monitoring 18

24. COREPDS – Monitoring Reports
URL: http://cg.nic.in/pdsonline/corepds
Analysis and reporting is very important for effective monitoring of the system. The above URL
provides reports for the sake of transparency, for monitoring of PDS operations, for knowing
technology performance and the reports that are useful for FPS inspection.
Reports for Transparency: Reports for monitoring of PDS operations:
Beneficiary wise daily sale report in an List of FPSs that have reached minimum
FPS level of stocks
The stock position of different FPS wise monthly receipt and issue report
commodities at each FPS FPS wise % of beneficiaries taken PDS
Beneficiary‟s Food account balances commodities in the selected month
report FPS performance report
Family member details of PDS Reports of complaints by FPS
Reports on technology performance: Reports for FPS inspection:
Report of server down time Stock position of FPS
Report of errors occurred at POS Report of Beneficiaries served at one FPS
Report of Beneficiaries taken FPS performance report
commodities by different means Consolidated report of receipt and issue of a
FPS wise report of offline versus online FPS
transactions
A rule which is not monitored, is not followed 19

25. COREPDS – Stake Holders
Stake Holder – Department of Food
Responsibilities: Performance Indicators:
Number of FPS‟ sponsored
Policy making Number of Inspections taken
Introduction of good performers % of Smart cards distributed in total cards
Smart card Distribution created
FPS Inspection % of signed FPS declarations uploaded
(monthly)
Stake Holder – Chhattisgarh State Civil Supplies Corporation
Responsibilities: Performance Indicators:
Number of FPS‟ - Days with zero stocks of
Delivery of PDS commodities to FPS any commodity (-ve Indicator)
Operation of mobile FPS Number of Beneficiaries benefitted through
mobile FPS‟
Stake Holder – National Informatics Centre, Chhattisgarh
Responsibilities: Performance Indicators:
Server Up time Percentage – 95% of server
Providing technology solutions up time is SLA
COREPDS technology maintenance % of offline transactions in the total
Capacity building transactions (-ve Indicator)
Addressing day to day technical Number of Hours of training
problems Number of FPS visits
Stake Holder – Fair Price Shop
Responsibilities: Performance Indicators:
To sell PDS commodities to any valid The % of net addition of beneficiaries over
PDS beneficiary of COREPDS the total beneficiaries attached to that FPS
ensuring dignity and convenience of who received PDS commodities from any
the beneficiary FPS
To submit signed declaration in time
To deposit money with CGSCSC in
time
Stake Holder – Beneficiary
Responsibilities: Performance Indicators:
Smiling face of beneficiary is the ultimate
To keep watch of operations of PDS +ve performance indicator of the system
Beneficiary performance shall not be
monitored
20

26. KMS for COREPDS
What is KMS?
KMS stands for Key Management System which is an essential component of any Smart Card
based eco system. Smart Cards are vulnerable to duplication, cloning and fake creation without a
proper KMS in place. KMS shall ensure creation of all stake holders' Smart Cards with certain
secrete keys inserted, for verification of the cards, while use. In COREPDS, Beneficiary's Smart
Ration Card (SRC) and FPS Smart Card mutually authenticates each other, at the time of service
delivery at FPS, to ensure the SRC is genuine not a fake or clone.
Who has developed?
KMS for any Smart Card based Government projects should preferably created
by a Government organisation as the Government organisations' accountability
towards Government is more, when compared to any other private
organisation. KMS for COREPDS has been created by Smart Card Division,
NICHQ, under the able guidance of Sri. S.K.Sinha Sr. Technical Director.
KMS Infrastructure
KMS infrastructure has been created at
Directorate of Food as per the guidelines laid by
NICHQ under the strict supervision of the team
from Smart Card division, NIC HQ led by Mr.
Ranjeet, PSA, NICHQ.
KMS infrastructure includes One Server, One
client, Laser Printer, Smart Card Printer, 2 Smart
Card Readers, 1 Treasure Chest , KMS software
given by NICHQ. SK and 4 other officers have
been nominated by the department of Food.
RSBY Cards as Smart Ration Cards
As mentioned earlier, COREPDS is designed to use RSBY cards
as Smart Ration Cards to avoid duplication of issuance of Smart
Cards to the same target family. NICHQ is taking necessary
action to ensure the RSBY cards are authenticated by FPS Smart
Cards at FPS. 64 K RSBY cards under Mukhyamantri Rastriya Bima Yojna are being created
using the existing ration card database in the State. Thus, linkage between RSBY URN and
ration card number is automatically created. Ration card details and necessary keys are written
on the card while creating RSBY card at the distribution camps. Thus, these cards can directly be
used as ration cards. Actual use will start from Nov 1st 2012.
21

27. Risk Analysis and Mitigation Strategies
The successful implementation and sustainability of any eGovernance project mainly depends on
the strength and suitability of mitigation strategies adapted by the department against various
risks and challenges expected. COREPDS is vulnerable to 6 risks and 2 challenges, whose details
are given below.
Risk 1
Implementation of CORE PDS acts against the interest of many FPS‟ Agencies. It is not wise
to assume that FPS will sincerely try to implement COREPDS. Some FPS‟ may try to see
technology fails and genuine beneficiaries do not get their ration and technology be blamed for
that.
Mitigation Strategy
Portability is the mitigation strategy. When one FPS says that the POS is not working,
beneficiary can go to a near by FPS. FPS that cannot run COREPDS loses its business to other
FPS‟
Risk 2
In the initial days, all FPSs in an area can form a nexus and see that POS‟ do not work
Mitigation Strategy
CGSCSC operates mobile FPS‟ carrying PDS Commodities and POS devices. Whenever a
report is received that many FPS‟ are not working in one area, these Mobile FPS will be sent
to that area. They serve the beneficiaries in front of the FPSs. Thus, FPS‟ who do not run
CORE PDS shall lose their business
Risk 3
Competition does not help if everyone is bad. FPS‟ may intentionally do not improve their
service to prove that COREPDS is a failure and could not meet objective of improvement in
service delivery
Mitigation Strategy
Guaranteed good performers are being introduced with the help of NGOs, CSR etc to set a
bench mark for service level and thus ensure the FPS‟ should meet that benchmark to remain
in business.
Risk 4
Distribution of smart cards could not be completed. A few people have lost their Smart cards
and it takes a few days to re-issue a duplicate card. As a result, a few genuine beneficiaries do
not have smart cards.
Mitigation Strategy
Allow issue with FPS card when Beneficiary Smart card is not available from the attached FPS
No risk - No gain 22

28. Risk 5
Unreliable connectivity. Online transactions are not possible for a few hours.
Mitigation Strategy
COREPDS by design is an online system. But it allows a limited offline issues also in case of
connectivity failure.
Risk 6
Too much dependency on SI
Mitigation Strategy
 NIC is developing all web services required
 1st version of POS application has been developed by SI. SI handovered the source
code to NIC
 NIC has sufficient skill set for maintenance of POS software
Challenge 1
Maintenance of POS devices. Continuation of business in case of POS failure.
Mitigation Strategy
Sufficient buffer stock of POS devices for immediate replacement in case POS failure.
Challenge 2
 To train 151 FPS sales men
 To create necessary will to change
 To create necessary change
 To create necessary awareness among beneficiaries
Mitigation Strategy
 Video training material with HCM‟s message, Hon‟ble Minister‟s message and
instructions to operate POS device
 Public awareness through pamphlets and electronic media
4G Identity Solutions is the System Integrator for the
implementation of COREPDS in Raipur city. The SI has been
selected following an open tender process, which include technical
evaluation and financial evaluation with strict prequalification
criteria. 4G Identity Solutions could successfully complete the
work within the time frame.
23

29. COREPDS - COSTING
Phase I Component Number Cost Rs Lakh
Smart Cards
Implementation of COREPDS in 151 POS Devices
FPS of Raipur city. Formally Software & Hardware
inaugurated by Hon'ble Chief Minister Site Preparation etc
of Chhattisgarh on March, 20th 2012 DPMU
Total Cost
Phase II Component Cost Rs Lakh
Rollout of COREPDS in 108 FPS of Smart Cards
Durg and Rajnandgaon cities. POS Devices
Expected to be completed by October, Software & Hardware
31st 2012 Site Preparation etc
DPMUs
Total Cost
Phase III Component Cost Rs Lakh
Rollout of COREPDS in remaining Smart Cards 0
520 FPS of all the reamaining POS Devices
corporations of the State (Bhilai, Software & Hardware
Bilaspur, Korba, Ambikapur, Site Preparation etc
Chirimiri, Jagdalpur, ) with RSBY DPMUs
cards. Expected to be completed by Total Cost
March, 31st 2013
Phase IV Component Cost Rs Lakh
Rollout of COREPDS thought the Smart Cards
State leaving a few FPS where it is POS Devices
not feasible due to left-wing Software & Hardware
extremism or infrastructure issues. Site Preparation etc
Expected to be completed by March, DPMUs
31st 2015 Total Cost
Maximum transactions registered in one day in COREPDS are 12,870 on 7th Aug 2012 24

30. Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
One design constraint of COREPDS is 'Genuine beneficiary should never be denied her
entitlements due to technical or operational issues'. Keeping the above constraint in mind
BCP has been formulated to continue issuing PDS commodities to genuine beneficiaries even at
the cost of possibility of a few proxy issues.
1 Smart Ration Cards distribution is not They can take their ration from the attached
complete due to operational issues. Some FPS without a SRC using FPS card only. They
genuine beneficiaries do not have SRCs however do not get benefit of portability.
with them.
2 Some genuine beneficiaries have lost their They can take their ration from the attached
SRCs and have not yet received duplicate FPS without a SRC using FPS card only, till
due to some operational delays. they get a duplicate. They do not get benefit of
portability
3 Annapoorna-ATM is not working at one Beneficiaries can go to a near by FPS and take
FPS their ration
4 FPS' in one area are not operating Mobile FPS' operated by CGSCSC shall go to
Annapoorna-ATM due to some reasons that area and serve the beneficiaries
5 Connectivity is not available temporarily Beneficiaries can take their ration using offline
or Server is down for some time issue mode of COREPDS
6 Server Crash Business continues with the mirror server
7 Bio-metric authentication of a genuine It has been decided to allow issue ration to the
beneficiary failed due to some technical beneficiary with biometric authorization of
or other problems. (COREPDS shall another genuine beneficiary known to FPS
implement biometric authentication using
Aadhaar infrastructure or RSBY
biometrics)
8 Total failure of technology in an area for a Director, directorate of Food, is authorised to
few days permit manual operations on the
recommendation of district collector and the
manual transactions are captured in the system
through Food Inspector's module.
Our Strategy –
“No genuine beneficiary should be denyed her entitlements because of technical or operational Issues” 25

31. Connectivity Survey of FPS' in the State
The general perception is that there is no mobile connectivity in rural areas. It appears that the
spread of availability of connectivity in rural areas is more than what we perceive it to be.
COREPDS by design, is an online application with a provision for limited offline transactions, in
case of connectivity failure. Hence, the status of connectivity in rural FPS is required to take a
decision on the rollout of COREPDS in rural areas. A connectivity survey is being conducted to
find out the status of availability of connectivity at all 10,880 FPS' in the State and at the same
time to capture latitude & longitude of the FPS'.
An application in J2ME has been developed and loaded in C5 Nokia mobiles. The surveyor has
to take that mobile to FPS and run the application by entering the FPS code. The latitude &
longitude are displayed on the mobile screen and at the same time application tries to connect the
server and updates database with latitude & longitude, if connectivity is available. In that fashion
we have completed survey of 7917 FPS out of 10880 and found that 7215 of FPS' have good
connectivity (more than 90%). And everyone shall agree that mobile penetration is rapidly
increasing and connectivity is spreading. We are sure that the connectivity at these remaining
10% FPS' will also be available by that time (2 years from today) we are ready to rollout
COREPDS in that far flung areas.
Location of FPS’ in Raipur city
A typical transaction in COREPDS takes 50 seconds 26

32. COREPDS in Rural Areas
COREPDS offers portability for improvement in service delivery and mandates mechanical
authentication for checking proxy issues. Portability of FPS in the first sight appears to be
irrelevant in rural areas as even a beneficiary wants to change FPS, she has to travel more than
10 KMs to find the next nearest FPS. Greater insight tells us that COREPDS with portability
option helps rural people in two ways.
Portability proves to be very helpful for migrated labourers. Today, we do not find
large scale migration of labour in Chhattisgarh. But, still there may be a few people
shift their families‟ temporarily to a new work place. COREPDS offers them a great
relief as they can take their ration in a place where they are, using SRC or OTP.
In Chhattisgarh, we find so many small villages with 50 to 100 households. That
means there will be 1 FPS for about 10 villages and it is generally 10 to 15 KMs
away from the distant village. COREPDS facilitates to run mobile FPS to these small
villages weekly once on market day. Mobile FPS serves the villages with ration at
their door steps.
Mobile FPS is nothing but a truck with PDS
commodities and Annapoorna ATM. GPS
that is being mandated in Annapoorna –
ATM for rural areas shall give exact
location where the transfer is taken place,
which enables payment of additional
transport charges for the delivery at the door
steps of the beneficiary, if Government
decides to do so.
Two major issues to be addressed in the
implementation of COREPDS in rural areas
are connectivity and replenishing of PDS commodities. As discussed earlier, connectivity is
available in 90% of FPS‟ and is growing at a rapid speed. Due to road conditions and distances,
sending PDS commodities to a rural FPS takes at least 2 to 3 days. It is not as easy as sending to
an urban FPS. If one FPS is out of stocks due to more other FPS beneficiaries take commodities
from the FPS it will be slightly difficult to replenish the FPS at the earliest. But, it is also true
that portability is less used in rural areas due to distances and necessity of sending large volumes
of PDS commodities at short notice, will also be less.
You are requested to be member of
COREPDS, Chhattisgarh on facebook at www.facebook.com/COREPDS Chhattisgarh
and
in the mail group
27

33. COREPDS team
Mr. A.K.Somasekhar NIC
Project Leader
Manish Kochar Manish
Backup Project Leader
Development Team
Devendra Kumar
Lalita Verma
Ashish Kumar Soni
Amit Kumar Verma
Sandeep Kumar Halder
Muralidhar
Kameshwer Rao
Mahendra Sahu
Mr. H.S.Tripathi, Mr. A.Maurya, NIC Mr. S.K. Agrawal, NIC
NICSI Support NETWORK Support VC Support
Acceptance Testing & Coordination
Mr. Rajeev Jaiswal Shikarwar Chandrakar
Implementation Support
Food Controller DIO DM NAN Rathod AFO
28

34. Thoughts for Debate
1. FPS automation without portability of FPS, is not sustainable
The main objective of any kind of FPS automation is to check diversion of stocks at the FPS.
That naturally acts against the interest of such FPS agencies which earn undue profits as a result
of diversion. Hence, it is not wise to assume that FPS will sincerely try to implement the
technology. There would always be a risk that the FPS intentionally tries to discredit the
technology (POS devices, connectivity etc.) by deliberately not following the protocols specified.
In such a case, if portability is not offered, an impression would be created that the beneficiaries
do not get service because of technology. No technological solution can be implemented
sustainably if it creates or is seen to be creating more inconvenience to the genuine beneficiaries.
To mitigate this risk, FPS automation should offer portability. If technology is not working at
one FPS due to any reason, beneficiary can go to a near by FPS where it is working. The FPS,
where the system does not work, shall loose business making the FPS sincerely try to run the
system properly.
2. FPS automation without portability of FPS, creates more inconvenience to the genuine
beneficiary
In the cases of FPS automation without offering portability, it creates more inconvenience to 90
% genuine beneficiaries to check 10% diversion. Percentages may vary from State to State. The
beneficiary (who has been getting her ration earlier also) does not find any difference except
more inconvenience as she has been getting same entitlements at the same FPS earlier also.
Without FPS automation, a beneficiary goes back empty handed only in two cases. One is 'FPS
is closed' or second is 'stocks are not available'. But, when FPS automation is done without
offering portability, it adds three more cases that the beneficiary does not get her entitlements.
FPS is open, stocks are available but 'POS is dysfunctional' or 'no electricity for long hours
and hence POS could not be charged' or 'the person who operates POS is not available'.
3. Aadhaar based PDS – Some Cocerns
UIDAI concept paper proposes that a mobile like device at FPS with biometric authentication
from AADHAAR server is sufficient to issue ration to a beneficiary. According to the concept
paper, smart card is not essential. Technically speaking a card is not required. But, Smart Card
with or without Aadhaar authentication is better because of the following points.
There will be some social problems if card is eliminated and ration is issued to any of the
family members of the beneficiary. In many families, we find some spoiled children or
male adults addicted to drinking. Without producing any card, if ration is issued only on
finger print authentication these people get the ration issued and use it for their private
needs like alcohol etc. It acts against food security envisioned by the Government
through PDS. Hence a physical card is a must. The card will be in the custody of a
responsible person of the family, generally woman family head (as it is now with the
paper ration card). Presence of a card and authorized finger print should allow drawing
29

35. PDS commodities from any FPS. Card should be mandatory, finger print authentication
may be optional.
Aadhaar based biometric authentication is fully online. It is true that connectivity in the
country is good and it is improving rapidly. But it is also a fact that connectivity at one
place is not cent per cent reliable and there are some time intervals where connectivity
would not be available at a place. If the technology is fully online beneficiaries can not
get their entitlements in these time periods. To continue business in these short intervals
of connectivity problems, we should have some offline system where transactions are
temporarily stored in a smart card and later uploaded in the Server whenever connectivity
is not available.
There are a percentage of people (old & single, handicapped, sick etc.) who can not come
to FPS to take their ration, but request people from neighborhood (who may not be same
persons ever month) to bring their ration. When biometric authentication is the only
authentication, either it should either be waived off or the beneficiaries should be denied
ration. If a Smart card/Magnetic card like instrument is available they can be waived of
biometric authentication and served with Smart Card/Magnetic card authentication.
If FPS automation is wholly dependent on Aadhaar authentication, one should wait for
the saturation of Aadhaar generation in an area, which is very time consuming. Hence,
FPS automation should start with Smart Card authentication and should scale up to
Aadhaar based bio-metric authentication whenever, wherever and to whoever Aadhaar is
available.
4 Biometric authentication may not be necessary in PDS
Is biometric authentication really required in PDS, to transfer a few hundred rupees subsidy per
month to a poor family? Looking at the large scale diversion taking place in PDS, some
mechanical authentication is indeed required to check proxy issues. That can well be done
quickly with some kind of 'What you have authentication' (Smart Cards/ Magnetic Cards). Yes,
in some cases like cards are forcibly kept with FPS/ Sarpanch or in case of lost/stolen cards
biometric authentication only check proxy issues. But, to check that small percentage of
diversion, do we need to trouble majority of genuine beneficiaries? With the same amount of risk
of fraud, we are using credit cards for transacting thousands of rupees. Banks used to operate
teller counters to honor less than Rs 10000 withdrawals even without comparing the signature,
for offering quick service to the genuine customer, even at the risk of a small fraction of
fraudulent cases. That is because of the reason that banks value customer's convenience more
than the associated risk. Unfortunately, we in Government do not consider the PDS beneficiaries
as customers of our service. We try to control them rather than empower them. Aadhaar seeding
in the beneficiary database itself shall remove all fake/duplicate ration cards. The rest of the
cases of steeling the cards, mortgage of cards can be addressed in other ways. A second thought
is required before we mandate biometric authentication for PDS delivery.
30

36. Status of COREPDS as on 31st August 2012 (Reported Month – August 2012)
1 Area Covered Raipur City
2 No. of FPSs under COREPDS 151
3 No. of Beneficiaries Covered 1.7 lakh
4 No. of Total transactions taken place so far
5 No. of Beneficiaries issued Ration through COREPDS in the
reported month
6 Highest no. of transactions in a day
7 % of Beneficiaries used Portability in the reported month
8 % of BPL Beneficiaries taken their ration in the reported month
9 % of APL Beneficiaries taken their ration in the reported month
10 % of Beneficiaries taken Kerosene
11 % of FPSs that have lost more than 25% business to other FPSs
12 Average no. of trips made by a Beneficiary
31

37. Annex I - Comparison of COREPDS in Chhattisgarh with other Models
COREPDS in Chhattisgarh Haryana Model of FPS Gujarat Model of FPS Aadhaar Model of FPS
Automation Automation Automation
Authentication at the time of Service Delivery
Smart card based authentication Smart card and biometric Online biometric authentication Online biometric authentication
for BPL (Including State BPL that authentication - With the facility without Smart card. after de duplication, with no smart
is 70% of Ration card holders) to waive off biometric card.
and OTP based authentication for authentication to the desired
APL, No biometric authentication beneficiary.
is planned to start with. But
system is ready to use biometric
authentication using Aadhaar
Infrastructure as well as RSBY
biometrics whenever they are
available, without disturbing the
entire system.
1. Check on Diversion
It can check 90% of diversion It can check up to 95% of Same as Two. It can check 100% of diversion
immediately. diversion (As it cannot eliminate once implemented.
duplicate and fake ration cards, it
can not be 100%)
2. Portability of FPS
Not Offered – Beneficiary is Portability can be offered but it
linked to FPS at one time. She will be difficult to check the
Offered. can change her FPS on prior genuineness of the printed food Offered.
request. coupons at an FPS other than the
FPS attached with a card.
3. Improvement in service delivery at FPS
32

38. In this model beneficiary can go This model doesn‟t provide any The scope for service There is a clear scope for
to any FPS where she gets better reason for improvement in improvement is dependent on how improvement in service delivery
service. The fear of losing service delivery. The quality of portability is offered. because of portability.
customers improves service at service is dependent on external
FPS. Good performers are monitoring.
incentivized and bad performers
are penalized by the system
automatically. There is a clear
scope for improvement in service
delivery because of portability.
4. Inconvenience to genuine beneficiary due to automation
With small added inconvenience Genuine beneficiary who has Genuine beneficiary is now to Same as one, Beneficiary is
for forcing genuine beneficiary been getting her entitlements at make two trips, one to e-gram empowered.
for smart card authentication, she the FPS earlier also, sees this centre for biometric authentication
has now been offered the right to smart card and biometric and one to FPS for getting PDS
choose an FPS. Hence smart card authentication as added commodities.
authentication is seen as inconvenience, which is not
empowerment rather than offering any additional facility.
inconvenience because of the new
right to choose.
5. Scalability
COREPDS is easily scalable as it This model cannot start without Same as Two. This model can start only when an
does not wait for biometric biometrics of beneficiaries and area is saturated or near saturation
collection adding a few lakh her family members. Biometric with Aadhaar generation, which is
beneficiaries and few thousand collection is time consuming also time consuming and hence
FPSs may be a matter of 3 to 6 activity and hence scalability is scalability is slow.
months, if funds are available. At slow.
the same time COREPDS can use
biometric authentication wherever
Aadhaar is available or RSBY
card is available.
33

39. 6. Poor connectivity or Temporary connectivity failure
COREPDS can continue business It can continue business as the It cannot continue business, may Has to be fully online therefore it
in offline mode also. model operates only in offline work in Gujarat like states where cannot continue business and
mode. connectivity is relatively reliable. hence genuine beneficiary is
denied her entitlements because of
technology for some time at least.
7. Biometric Waiver
By default there is no biometric Smart ration card has provision to Biometric authentication is only Same as Three.
authentication and the same can waive off biometric authentication available in this
be used where ever opted or found authentication. model. If it is to be waived off
necessary. Just by checking a flag service should be given without
at server biometric authentication any authentication.
can be waived off.
8. Sustainability
Sustainability of FPS automation Sustainability of this model is Sustainable as there no technology Same as One.
is threatened by a major risk that entirely dependent on the external at FPS.
it is against the interest of some pressure created by the
FPSs who are supposed to run the administration.
system. COREPDS mitigates this
risk by allowing beneficiary to go
to any FPS in case of technology
is not working at one FPS.
Positive in 7 items Positive in 3 items Positive in 4 items Positive in 5 items
Positive ***
34

40. Annex II - Problems in PDS and which technology can solve them
A – Supply Chain Computerisation D -- COREPDS without Bio-auth
B -- AADHAAR based beneficiary database E – COREPDS with Bio-auth
C – Beneficiary Database without AADHAAR P – Partially addresses the problem
Problems with beneficiary database A B C D E
1 Inclusion errors – Duplicate ration cards √ P
2 Inclusion errors – Fake ration cards √
3 Inclusion errors - Cards with ineligible families
4 Exclusion errors – Eligible families are not given cards P
5 Lack of transparency in the beneficiary database √ √
Problems faced by beneficiary at FPS A B C D E
6 FPS not opened when the beneficiary wants to take √ √
7 Declares „no stock‟ even when the FPS has stocks √ √
8 Salesperson misbehaves with the beneficiary √ √
9 Under weighs the commodity deliberately √ √
10 Takes a few rupees extra than chargeable √ √
11 Denys issue of commodities to beneficiary and claims that √ √
the beneficiary has been issued in FPS records
12 Quality of commodities deteriated at FPS intentionally by √ √
FPS or due to negligence
13 FPS keeps card of a beneficiary without beneficiary‟s √
knowledge and diverts the commodities
Problems introduced at Warehouse or distribution centre A B C D E
14 Diversion/recycling of trucks supposed to go to FPS P √ √
15 Diversion while inter-warehouse movement √
16 Delayed lifting √
17 Quality of commodities spoiled due to bad storage or due P P
to not following FIFO
18 Inefficient inventory management at warehouses √
19 Poor quality of commodities accepted at warehouse P P
20 Lack of transparency √
21 Favouring some FPSs with excess allocation leading to √ √ √
diversion
Problems introduced at the state department of food A B C D E
22 Delayed release of allocation and its communication to √ √ √
the warehouses and other stake holders
23 Inefficient monitoring due to lack of real time data √ P P
24 Lack of accountability - As PDS is a multi departmental √
activity it is difficult to fix the responsibility
35

41. National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Department
of Information Technology is providing network
backbone and e-Governance support to Central
Government, State Governments, UT
Administrations, Districts and other Government
bodies. It offers a wide range of IT services including
Nationwide Communication Network for
decentralised planning, improvement in Government
services and wider transparency of national and local
Governments. NIC assists in implementing
Information Technology Projects, in close
collaboration with Central and State Governments, in
the areas of (a) Centrally sponsored schemes and
Central sector schemes, (b) State sector and State
sponsored projects, and (c) District Administration
sponsored projects. NIC endeavors to ensure that the
latest technology in all areas of ICT is available to its
users.
NIC, Chhattisgarh State Centre is the ICT partner in
the development and implementation of this project.
NIC and Government of Chhattisgarh are ready
to share their experience and technology to any
other states in implementing similar system for
public distribution. Duplication and re-invention
are the two common extravagancies in the current
ICT scenario. One can avoid these two by horizontal
transfer of technology and experience from one place
where an ICT project is successfully implemented to
other parts of the country. NIC, being central
government organization with its offices at all states
and union territories, has ability to transfer the
technology and experience through out the country
with no much effort
Contact for further details
Mr. M.K.Mishra SIO. NIC Chhattisgarh
sio-cg@nic.in 07714080238
Mr. A.K.Somasekhar NIC, Chhattisgarh
som@nic.in 07714080242

42. COREPDS
Vision Statement
“ We deliver Government subsidies to poor, with corporate efficiency
and social service organizations’ empathy towards poor ”