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Conditional sentences We use conditional sentences to describe how an action or situation  affects its result. Second Conditional First Conditional 3 Types of Conditionals Third Conditional
Conditional sentences contain an if-clause and a main clause.   If I have enough money, conditional clause Examples : I will go to US.     main clause   I will go to U.S.     main clause if I have enough money.     conditional clause
Conditional clause , main clause. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. If + Present Tense will +inf / present tense / imperative
We do not normally use   will  or  would  in the conditional clause, only in the main clause. 2. If + Past Tense  3.  If + Past Perfect Tense would + infinitive  would have + past participle  e .g. If I knew her name, I would tell you . e .g. If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house.
Uses of the conditional   First conditional   ,[object Object],[object Object],b. Time:  This condition refers either to present or to  future time. e.g.   If the cinema is full, we will go to a restaurant. e.g.   If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home and watch TV.
Second conditional   ,[object Object],b. Time:  for present unreal events, we put the verb in the condition clause one step back — into the past:  e.g.   If I were you, I would tell my father. If I  became  president, I  would change  the medical care policy.   (Said by a schoolboy: improbable) Compare: If I  become  president, I  will change  the medical care policy.   (Said by a presidential candidate)
Third conditional   ,[object Object],b. Time:  for past unreal events — things that didn't happen, but we can imagine — we put the verb in the condition clause a further step back — into the past perfect e.g.   If I   had studied   hard for the exam, I   would have passed it easily.   (But in fact, you did’t study hard.)
For the second conditional,  were   replaces  was If I   were   a rich man, I  would stop   working as  a clerk. If I   were   to lose my job,   I  wouldn't be   able to pay for my dream car.
Instead of  if not ,  we can use  unless .   “  if ”  + negative action  =   “unless” + positive action The meaning of both sentences is the same, but the action after ‘unless’ (close) is the opposite of the action after ‘if’  (don’t close). Compare: Your bird will fly away  if  you  don’t close  the window . Your bird will fly away  unless  you  close  the window.

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Conditional Clauses (2)

  • 1. Conditional sentences We use conditional sentences to describe how an action or situation affects its result. Second Conditional First Conditional 3 Types of Conditionals Third Conditional
  • 2. Conditional sentences contain an if-clause and a main clause. If I have enough money, conditional clause Examples : I will go to US.     main clause I will go to U.S.     main clause if I have enough money.     conditional clause
  • 3.
  • 4. We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause. 2. If + Past Tense 3. If + Past Perfect Tense would + infinitive would have + past participle e .g. If I knew her name, I would tell you . e .g. If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. For the second conditional, were replaces was If I were a rich man, I would stop working as a clerk. If I were to lose my job, I wouldn't be able to pay for my dream car.
  • 9. Instead of if not , we can use unless . “ if ” + negative action = “unless” + positive action The meaning of both sentences is the same, but the action after ‘unless’ (close) is the opposite of the action after ‘if’ (don’t close). Compare: Your bird will fly away if you don’t close the window . Your bird will fly away unless you close the window.