This document discusses acids and bases, including their properties and how to test for them. It provides information on: - The pH scale ranges from 0-14, with acids having lower values and bases having higher values. A pH of 7 is neutral. - Acids donate H+ ions in solution and have a pH below 7. Bases donate OH- ions and have a pH above 7. - Indicators like litmus paper and cabbage juice can be used to test if a substance is acidic or basic - acids turn indicators one color while bases turn them another. - Common household substances like lemon juice, vinegar, baking soda and bleach are identified along the pH scale. - A

3. pH Scale

11. Color scale of the red cabbage papers

13. Lemon = pH 2 Sea water= pH 8 Grapefruit= pH3 Baking soda = pH 9 Urine= pH 6 Bleach= pH 13 Saliva=pH 6 Vinegar =pH 2 Tomato juice = pH 4 Oven cleaner = pH 13 Gastric Acid =pH 2 Soap= pH 12 2. Arrange the acids in order of INCREASING acidity 3. Arrange the bases in order of INCREASING basicity. 4. Draw a pH scale and place the above substances in the right place. Base Acid pH Color of litmus paper Color red cabbage

17. Test tube result

18. Table Test tube # Color in test tube Ph # Color on Ph paper Ph# Acid/Base conclusion 1 2 3 4 5 6